Armstrong process

The Armstrong process is used to refine titanium. Its output is particle-sized dust which can be sprayed into pattern-molds.{{cite book |doi=10.1016/B978-0-12-800054-0.00009-5 |chapter=Production of titanium by the Armstrong Process® |title=Titanium Powder Metallurgy |date=2015 |last1=Araci |first1=Kerem |last2=Mangabhai |first2=Damien |last3=Akhtar |first3=Kamal |pages=149–162 |isbn=978-0-12-800054-0 }}W.H.P. Bill, C.A. Blue, J.O. Kiggans, and J.D.K. Rivard, Powder Metallurgy and Solid State Processing of Armstrong Titanium and Titanium Alloy Powders, ITA Annual Conference 2007{{cite journal |doi=10.1007/s11666-016-0489-2 |title=Cold Spraying of Armstrong Process Titanium Powder for Additive Manufacturing |date=2017 |last1=MacDonald |first1=D. |last2=Fernández |first2=R. |last3=Delloro |first3=F. |last4=Jodoin |first4=B. |journal=Journal of Thermal Spray Technology |volume=26 |issue=4 |pages=598–609 |bibcode=2017JTST...26..598M }} It was patented in 1999.{{US patent|5958106}} The output of this process has a "coral-like morphology", which differs from the traditional outputs like "spherical gas-atomized powder, mechanically crushed angular particles, or the titanium sponge morphology created during the Kroll process."