Arnhem (ship)
{{about|the VOC ship built in 1654|earlier VOC ship named Arnhem|Voyage of the Pera and Arnhem to Australia in 1623}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}
| {{Infobox ship begin|infobox caption=Arnhem}}
{{Infobox ship image | Ship image= | Ship caption= }} {{Infobox ship career | Hide header= | Ship country= Dutch Republic | Ship flag= 60px | Ship name= Arnhem | Ship owner= Dutch East India Company | Ship ordered= | Ship builder= Dutch East India Company, Amsterdam | Ship original cost= | Ship laid down= | Ship launched= | Ship acquired= | Ship commissioned={{circa}}1654 | Ship decommissioned= | Ship in service= | Ship out of service= | Ship renamed= | Ship struck= | Ship reinstated= | Ship honours= | Ship captured= | Ship fate= Wrecked on Saint Brandon Rocks (off Mauritius) on 12 February 1662 | Ship notes= }} {{Infobox ship characteristics | Hide header= | Header caption= | Ship class=Dutch East Indiaman | Ship tons burthen=1,000 tons | Ship length= | Ship beam= | Ship draught= | Ship hold depth= | Ship propulsion= Sail | Ship sail plan= Three masts | Ship complement= | Ship armament= | Ship notes= }} |
The Arnhem or AernemJack, Robert. [http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks13/1303341h.html Northmost Australia: Three Centuries of Exploration, Discovery, and Adventure in and around the Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, with a Study of the Narratives of All the Explorers by Sea and Land in the Light of Modern Charting, Many Original or Hitherto Unpublished Documents, Thirty-Nine Illustrations, and Sixteen Specially Prepared Maps, {{nowrap|Vol. 1}}]. 1921 ({{IPA|nl|ˈɑrnɛm}}) was a Dutch East Indiaman sailing vessel that was shipwrecked 12 February 1662 off Mauritius on the Saint Brandon Rocks.
Description
The Arnhem was built by the Dutch East India Company (Dutch: Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie or VOC) chamber of Amsterdam at their wharf in 1654.{{in lang|nl}} [http://www.vocsite.nl/schepen/detail.html?id=11461 Arnhem, 1654], De VOCsite. Retrieved 4 August 2015. It was named after the city of Arnhem in the Netherlands.
The sailing ship was an East Indiaman or spiegelretourschip. It had a capacity of 1,000 tons.
Fate
Captained by Pieter Anthoniszoon, the Arnhem was one of seven VOC ships that left Batavia on 23 December 1661, homeward bound via the Cape of Good Hope. The other vessels were the Wapen van Holland, Prins Willem, Vogel Phoenix, Maarsseveen, Prinses Royal and Gekroonde Leeuw.
On 11 February 1662, the fleet was scattered by a violent storm. The Wapen van Holland (920 tons), Gekroonde Leeuw (1,200 tons) and Prins Willem (1,200 tons) disappeared without trace. The following day Arnhem ran aground on the Saint Brandon Rocks (also known as Cargados Carajos), a group of atolls and reefs some 200 kilometres north-east of Mauritius.{{cite web | url=http://www.wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?139346 | title=Arnhem (+1662) | publisher=Wrecksite | accessdate=July 1, 2011}} Volkert Evertsz and other survivors of the wreck survived by piloting a small boat to Mauritius, and are thought to have been the last humans to see live dodos.{{cite journal| pmid=14628039 | doi=10.1038/426245a | volume=426 | title=Flightless birds: when did the dodo become extinct? | date=November 2003 | journal=Nature | page=245 | author=Roberts DL, Solow AR| doi-access=free }}{{cite book|author1=Anthony Cheke|author2=Julian P. Hume|title=Lost Land of the Dodo: The Ecological History of Mauritius, Réunion and Rodrigues|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8xXSBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA78|date=30 June 2010|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=978-1-4081-3305-7|pages=78–}} They survived the three months until their rescue by hunting "goats, birds, tortoises and pigs".{{cite book|author=Jolyon C. Parish|title=The Dodo and the Solitaire: A Natural History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bp8wK8zCg7wC&pg=PA45|year=2013|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=0-253-00099-8|pages=45–}} Evertsz was rescued by the English ship Truroe in May 1662.{{cite book|title=Rijks geschiedkundige publicatiën: Grote serie|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YxQOKQ_ZaU8C|year=1979|publisher=Martinus Nijhoff|isbn=978-90-247-2282-2}} Seven of the survivors chose not to return with the first rescue ship.{{cite book|author=Megan Vaughan|title=Creating the Creole Island: Slavery in Eighteenth-Century Mauritius|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kNK6nFrRwTMC&pg=PA11|date=1 February 2005|publisher=Duke University Press|isbn=0-8223-3399-6|pages=11–}}