Arroyo Conejo
{{short description|Creek in the Conejo Valley, California}}
{{Use American English|date=February 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox river
| name = Arroyo Conejo
| image = Paradise_Falls_and_pond.JPG
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Paradise Falls
| source1_location =
| mouth_location = Discharges to the Pacific by Mugu Lagoon
| subdivision_type1 = Country
| subdivision_name1 = United States
| subdivision_type2 = County
| subdivision_name2 = Ventura
| length =
| source1_elevation =
| mouth_elevation =
| discharge1_avg =
| basin_size =
| river_system = Calleguas Creek
| tributaries_left =
| tributaries_right =
}}
Arroyo Conejo (Spanish for “Rabbit Creek”) carries part of the longest creek in the Conejo Valleyhttp://www.camrosa.com/documents/GMP%20092013_final.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303050908/http://www.camrosa.com/documents/GMP%20092013_final.pdf |date=2016-03-03 }} (Page 30) which sprawls past the cities of Thousand Oaks and Camarillo, and the communities of Newbury Park, Casa Conejo and Santa Rosa Valley. Arroyo Conejo is the primary drainage for the City of Thousand Oaks.http://www.camrosa.com/documents/GMP%20092013_final.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303050908/http://www.camrosa.com/documents/GMP%20092013_final.pdf |date=2016-03-03 }} (Page 30) Its watershed covers {{convert|57|mi2}} of which {{convert|43|mi2}} are in the Conejo Valley and {{convert|14|mi2}} in the Santa Rosa Valley.Brooks, Norman H. (1982). Storms, Floods, and Debris Flows in Southern California and Arizona 1978 and 1980: Overview and Summary of a Symposium, September 17–18, 1980. National Academies. Pages 155–156.
Historically, it was a seasonal-running creek but urban runoff from irrigation currently makes it perennial. Its north fork carved Wildwood Canyon out of bedrock over several millennia. The south fork originates in the Conejo Hills above Newbury Park. It also follows Thousand Oaks Boulevard, where it runs directly along and below the boulevard. In certain areas, the creek runs through concrete culverts and runs underneath the street. Past Newbury Park's Hill Canyon, the creek meets with Arroyo Santa Rosa in Santa Rosa Valley as it runs through the Pleasant Valley basin on its way across the Oxnard Plain to its estuary at Mugu Lagoon. Due to limited access, suggestions have been made to make its banks into public amenities similar to that of San Antonio River Walk, or, developing a public use trail following the creek, similar to the bike path of Arroyo Simi in Simi Valley, California. It is part of the Calleguas Creek watershed, which drains an area of 343 sq. mi. in southern Ventura County.{{Cite web|url=https://www.toacorn.com/articles/conejos-inconspicuous-creek/|title = Conejo's inconspicuous creek|date = 16 May 2018}}
Within Wildwood Regional Park, its gorge and its {{convert|40|ft|adj=on}} cascade, Paradise Falls, are among the park’s most visited attractions.Schad, Jerry (2013). 101 Hikes in Southern California: Exploring Mountains, Seashore, and Desert. Wilderness Press. Page 18. {{ISBN|9780899977164}}.Schad, Jerry (2011). Top Trails: Los Angeles: Must-Do Hikes for Everyone. Wilderness Press. Page 112. {{ISBN|9780899976273}}.
History
The area surrounding Arroyo Conejo was once inhabited by the Chumash Indians, who also settled much of the region from the Santa Monica Mountains to the Conejo and Simi Valleys, with their presence dating back 10,000–12,000 years.Starr, Kevin (2007). California: A History. Modern Library Chronicles 23. Random House Digital, Inc. Page 13. {{ISBN|978-0-8129-7753-0}}.Gamble, L. H., & Enki Library eBook (2008). The Chumash World at European Contact (1st ed.). University of California Press. Page 26. There have been numerous discoveries of Chumash artifacts and petroglyphs along the creek, particularly in the Santa Monica Mountains.Ciolek-Torrello, Richard (2006). A Passage in Time: The Archaeology and History of the Santa Susana Pass State Historical Park, California. Statistical Research. Page 42. {{ISBN|9781879442894}}.Whitley, David S. and Ellen L. McCann (1980). Inland Chumash Archaeological Investigations. Institute of Archaeology. Pages 155 and 255.
Several people have drowned in the creek during the winter when water levels are higher. A person drowned by Hill Canyon in 1992,{{Cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-08-11-me-5500-story.html|title=Swimming Hole Where Man Drowned Site of Other Deaths|date=1992-08-11|website=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US|access-date=2019-09-26}} while another person drowned here in 2017.{{Cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-live-powerful-storms-moving-l-area-20170216-htmlstory.html|title=Live updates: Strongest storm in years moves through L.A. area|website=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US|access-date=2019-09-26}}{{Cite web|url=https://abc7.com/1761535/|title=Man dies after being swept away by rising water along Newbury Park creek|date=2017-02-18|website=ABC7 Los Angeles|language=en|access-date=2019-09-26}}
Course
File:Hill-Canyon-Wastewater-Plant-Wetlands-Newbury-Park.jpg.]]
It runs from the Conejo Hills of Newbury Park, crosses horizontally Casa Conejo, before entering Thousand Oaks and Wildwood Regional Park.{{Cite web|url=https://www.toacorn.com/|title=Thousand Oaks Acorn|website=Thousand Oaks Acorn|access-date=2019-09-26}} It originates in the Conejo Hills and streams into Hill Canyon and further into the Santa Rosa Valley, where it merges with Arroyo Santa Rosa and becomes Conejo Creek. Conejo Creek drains through the Pleasant Valley Basin, joins Calleguas Creek on the Oxnard Plain and enters into the Pacific Ocean by its estuary at Mugu Lagoon at the north end of the Santa Monica Mountains.{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-feb-05-me-15829-story.html|title=Raw Sewage Continues to Spill Into Conejo Creek|date=February 5, 1998|newspaper=Los Angeles Times |first=Cathy |last=Murillo |access-date=19 February 2016}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.nwrc.usgs.gov/techrpt/85-7-15.pdf|title = Wetland and Aquatic Research Center | U.S. Geological Survey}}{{Cite web |url=http://www.ventura.org/wcvc/calleguas.htm |title=Calleguas Creek Watershed |access-date=2016-01-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160124142608/http://www.ventura.org/wcvc/calleguas.htm |archive-date=2016-01-24 |url-status=dead }} Its northern border is made up by the Santa Susana Mountains, South Mountain and the Oak Ridge Mountains. Its southern boundary is compromised by the Santa Monica Mountains to the southwest and the Simi Hills to the southeast.http://www.camrosa.com/documents/GMP%20092013_final.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303050908/http://www.camrosa.com/documents/GMP%20092013_final.pdf |date=2016-03-03 }} (Page 30)
Wildlife
Image:Western_pond_turtle_clemmys_marmorate.jpg species to Arroyo Conejo.]]
Some of the fauna found in the creek includes the Western pond turtle and numerous species of amphibians: the California red-legged frog, Western toad, American bullfrog, California toad and the Pacific tree frog. Fish species include the Brown bullhead, Green sunfish, Bluntnose minnow, and Mosquitofish. It is an important habitat for various species of freshwater-nesting birds in the Conejo Valley. Some of the species include the Great blue heron, White-faced ibis, Black-crowned night heron, Green heron, Black-necked stilt, Great egret, Snowy egret, Belted kingfisher, Black phoebe, Killdeer, Common yellowthroat, Greater yellowlegs, American coot, and Mallard.{{cite web|url=http://www.toaks.org/government/depts/community/planning/general/conservation.asp |title=Thousand Oaks - Conservation Element |accessdate=2016-02-24 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121110233/http://www.toaks.org/government/depts/community/planning/general/conservation.asp |archivedate=2016-01-21 }}Maxwell, Thomas J. (2000). Hiking In Wildwood Regional Park: Natural History, Folklore, and Trail Guide. California Lutheran University (CLU). Pages 153–154.
Recreation
It is debated whether Thousand Oaks will make a multi-use pathway along the creek, similar to that of Arroyo Simi in Simi Valley.{{Cite web |url=http://www.toacorn.com/news/2014-07-24/Front_Page/Creek_pathway_proposal_meets_with_resistance.html |title=Creek pathway proposal meets with resistance | July 24, 2014 | www.toacorn.com | Thousand Oaks Acorn |access-date=2016-01-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303063659/http://www.toacorn.com/news/2014-07-24/Front_Page/Creek_pathway_proposal_meets_with_resistance.html |archive-date=2016-03-03 |url-status=dead }}{{cite web|url=http://vcportal.ventura.org/GSA/parksdepartment/docs/ArroyoConejoTrailPlanReport_12-2014.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2016-01-25 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150425235309/http://vcportal.ventura.org/GSA/parksdepartment/docs/ArroyoConejoTrailPlanReport_12-2014.pdf |archivedate=2015-04-25 }}
There are several parks and public open-space areas bordering the creek:
- In Newbury Park: Arroyo Conejo Open Space, Walnut Grove Park, Pepper Tree Playfield, Conejo Canyons Open Space, Borchard Community Park (by Casa Conejo).
- In Thousand Oaks: Wildwood Regional Park, Glenwood Park, North Meadows Park, South Meadows Park.
- In Camarillo: Camarillo Oak Grove County Park, Trailside Park, Heritage Park, Quito Park (by Santa Rosa Valley).
- In Santa Rosa Valley: Santa Rosa County Park