Arthur Capper

{{for|the housing project in Washington, D.C.|Arthur Capper/Carrollsburg}}

{{Infobox officeholder

|name = Arthur Capper

|image = CAPPER, ARTHUR C. SENATOR LCCN2016860456 (cropped).jpg

|caption = Capper in 1905

|jr/sr = United States senator

|state = Kansas

|term_start = March 4, 1919

|term_end = January 3, 1949

|predecessor = William Thompson

|successor = Andrew Schoeppel

|office1 = Chair of the National Governors Association

|term_start1 = December 14, 1916

|term_end1 = September 16, 1924

|predecessor1 = William Spry

|successor1 = Emerson Harrington

|order2 = 20th Governor of Kansas

|lieutenant2 = William Yoast Morgan

|term_start2 = January 11, 1915

|term_end2 = January 13, 1919

|predecessor2 = George H. Hodges

|successor2 = Henry Allen

|birth_date = {{birth date|1865|7|14}}

|birth_place = Garnett, Kansas, U.S.

|death_date = {{death date and age|1951|12|19|1865|7|14}}

|death_place = Topeka, Kansas, U.S.

|party = Republican

|spouse = Florence Crawford

}}

Arthur Capper (July 14, 1865 – December 19, 1951) was an American politician from Kansas. He was the 20th governor of Kansas (the first to have been born in the state) from 1915 to 1919 and a United States senator from 1919 to 1949. He also owned a radio station (WIBW in Topeka), and was the publisher of a newspaper, the Topeka Daily Capital."Arthur Capper of Kansas Dies; Senator 30 Years." St. Louis Post-Dispatch, December 20, 1951, p. 18.

Life and career

Capper was born in Garnett, Kansas. He attended the public schools and learned the art of printing. He became a newspaper publisher, eventually owning several newspapers and two radio stations. The best-known of his publications, Capper's Weekly, had an enormous readership among farm families and served as the base of his political support in Kansas. Capper's continues today as a bimonthly glossy magazine that focuses on rural living.{{Citation needed|date=March 2024}}

Capper first entered politics in 1912 when he became the Republican candidate for governor of Kansas. In addition to a reputation built from his newspapers, he was also the son-in-law of former governor Samuel J. Crawford. He was defeated by Democrat George H. Hodges. However, Capper was elected governor in the next election in 1914 and served as governor of Kansas from 1915 until 1919, winning re-election in 1916. He was the first native Kansan to serve as the state's governor.

File:PostcardArthurCapperOurNextGovernorOfKansas1912.jpg

Having served two full terms as governor, Capper was not permitted to run for a third term by the Kansas State Constitution. Instead, in 1918 he ran for election to the United States Senate and won. Capper became a long-serving senator, representing Kansas for five 6-year terms. He was in the Senate from 1919 to 1949 and was prominent among Republicans who supported the relief efforts and other policies of Franklin Delano Roosevelt's administration. He did not seek reelection in 1948.

Capper was particularly interested in issues relating to agriculture. Before his time as governor, he served as president of the Board of Regents of Kansas State Agricultural College (now known as Kansas State University) from 1910 to 1913. While in the United States Senate, he at times served as chairman of the Committee of Expenditures of the Department of Agriculture and the Committee on Agriculture and Forestry. He also at times served as chairman of the Committee on Claims and the Committee on the District of Columbia. In the latter role he played a crucial part in starting the D.C. Alley Dwelling Authority in 1934, the first housing authority in the country.{{cite book|last1=Paige|first1=Jerome S.|last2=Reuss|first2=Margaret M.|title=Safe, Decent and Affordable: Citizen Struggles to Improve Housing in the District of Columbia, 1890-1982|date=May 1982|publisher=University of the District of Columbia, D.C. History and Public Policy Project|location=Washington, D.C.|page=5|type=Studies in D.C. History and Public Policy, Paper No. 6}} He co-sponsored the Capper–Volstead Act. In 1923 Senator Capper brought forward a constitutional amendment with an anti-miscegenation provision outlawing mixed-race marriages, but struck out the passage after protest from African-American organizations and stated it was an unnecessary troublemaker. The withdrawal of this section by the Senator was made easier because he himself did not write the bill. It was drawn by the attorney of the American Federation of Women's Clubs.[https://web.archive.org/web/20071001003155/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,716163,00.html "Miscegenation"], Time, July 23, 1923

In April 1943 a confidential analysis by British scholar Isaiah Berlin of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee for the British Foreign Office described Capper as:

{{blockquote|a solid, stolid, 78-year-old reactionary from the corn belt, who is the very voice of Mid-Western "grass root" isolationism. A newspaper proprietor who was once described as contriving to sit on the fence and keep both ears on the ground at the same time. Like Johnson and Nye, an unwavering opponent of all the Administration's foreign policies, including reciprocal trade.{{cite journal|url=http://berlin.wolf.ox.ac.uk/published_works/singles/bib139a/bib139a.pdf |title=American Profiles on Capitol Hill: A Confidential Study for the British Foreign Office in 1943 |author=Hachey, Thomas E. |journal=Wisconsin Magazine of History |date=Winter 1973–1974 |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=141–153 |jstor=4634869 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021185357/http://berlin.wolf.ox.ac.uk/published_works/singles/bib139a/bib139a.pdf |archive-date=October 21, 2013 }}}}

Capper became chairman of the Senate's Agriculture Committee in 1946; by that point, at the age of 81, he was nearly deaf and his speech was difficult to understand.Dirk Johnson and David Herszenhorn, [https://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/23/us/politics/23dakota.html?hp "In South Dakota Race, Gauging the Impact of a Senator's Health"], The New York Times, October 23, 2008, page A16. He joined the Congressional Flying Club in 1947 at the age of 82 and took up flying lessons, as the oldest member of Congress, from Pearle Robinson, part owner of the Hybla Valley Airport just outside of Washington, D.C.{{cite news |author= |title=The Senator is Learning to Fly |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/5821014// |newspaper=The Daily Times-News |location=Burlington, North Carolina |date=August 15, 1947 |via= Newspapers.com {{open access}}}}{{cite news |author= |title=Sen. Capper, 82, Learning to Fly |url= https://www.newspapers.com/clip/5821115// |newspaper=Harrisburg Telegraph |location= Harrisburg, Pennsylvania |date=August 14, 1947 |via= Newspapers.com {{open access}} }}

After retiring from the Senate, Capper returned to his home in Topeka, Kansas, where he continued in the newspaper publishing business until his death. He was buried in Topeka Cemetery in a plot adjacent to Governor Crawford.

Capper publications

Arthur Capper was the owner of the Capper Building in Topeka, Kansas, and the Capper publications, which over time included the Daily Capital (Topeka, Kansas), the North Topeka Mail, the Kansas Breeze (which later merged with the Mail to form Farmers Mail and Breeze), Missouri Valley Farmer, Capper’s Weekly, Nebraska Farm Journal, Missouri Ruralist, Oklahoma Farmer, and The Household Magazine.{{cite book |last1=Connelley |first1=William Elsey |title=History of Kansas newspapers |date=2017 |publisher=William Elsey Connelley |page=44 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ijmNBgAAQBAJ&q=Capper+Publications&pg=PA44 |language=en}}

A collection of his correspondences includes two letters of complaint from inmates at Parsons State Hospital.{{cite web |url=https://www.kshs.org/km/items/view/451838 |title=Parsons State Hospital Inmates Complain}}

References

External links

[https://web.archive.org/web/20050220101303/http://www.kslib.info/ref/message/capper/capper.html Capper speeches] on State Library of Kansas web site
{{Find a Grave|6272514|access-date=August 10, 2010}}
[https://cdm16884.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p16884coll104/id/8/rec/5 A collection of messages by Arthur Capper, Governor of Kansas]
[https://cdm16884.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/search/searchterm/G1-Capper-Collection Publications concerning Kansas Governor Capper's administration available via the KGI Online Library]
[https://www.kshs.org/p/arthur-capper-papers/14005 Arthur Capper Papers] at the Kansas Historical Society

{{s-ttl|title=Republican nominee for Governor of Kansas|years=1912, 1914, 1916}}

{{s-ttl|title=Republican nominee for U.S. Senator from Kansas
(Class 2)|years=1918, 1924, 1930, 1936, 1942}}