Arthur Laing Bridge

{{Infobox Bridge

|bridge_name = Arthur Laing Bridge

|image = ArthurLaingBridge Aerial.jpg

|carries = 4 lanes of Grant McConachie Way, bicycles

|crosses = North Arm Fraser River

|locale = Richmond
Vancouver

|maint = Vancouver International Airport

|designer = Cochrane Group

|design = Cantilever bridge

|mainspan = 270 m

|length = 1676 m

|width = 20 m

|begin =

|complete =

|open = 27 August 1975

|preceded = Marpole Bridge

|coordinates = {{coord|49.199317|N|123.135817|W|display=inline,title}}

|traffic = 79,000{{cite web| url=https://dailyhive.com/vancouver/delta-proposes-1-00-toll-on-all-metro-vancouver-bridges | title=Daily Hive, 26 May 2016 | website=www.dailyhive.com}}

}}

The Arthur Laing Bridge is a crossing over the north arm of the Fraser River, and several minor roads, in Metro Vancouver.

Connecting Grant McConachie Way with SW Marine Drive, the bridge is {{convert|1676|m|ft}} long and {{convert|20|m|ft}} wide, with a {{convert|270|m|ft|adj=on}} main span standing {{convert|20|m|ft}} above the river.{{sfn|Dawe|1996|p=62}} The main span comprises haunched (deeper at supports) steel box-girders and the approaches are concrete box-girders.{{Cite web | url=https://structurae.net/en/structures/arthur-laing-bridge |title =Structure of the Arthur Laing Bridge |website=www.structurae.net}} YVR owns and maintains{{cite web| url=https://www.richmond.ca/services/ttp/around/agencies.htm | title=Transportation Agencies | website=www.richmond.ca }} this high-level four-lane crossing, that has no sidewalks, and cyclists ride on the shoulders of the roadway. Being federal property, signage is in both official languages.{{sfn|Dawe|1996|pp=61–62}} The Middle Arm SkyTrain Bridge, which opened in 2009, passes over the Arthur Laing southern approach.

History

=Proposal and opening=

The closing of the original Marpole Bridge in 1957 created a more circuitous route between Vancouver and Vancouver International Airport (YVR). Years of debate to restore a direct route followed. In 1963, Arthur Laing, Minister of Northern Affairs and National Resources, announced plans for a toll bridge to be completed within three years. By 1965, he was promoting a tunnel. In 1971, Don Jamieson, Minister of Transport announced a toll-free bridge, but the proposed ramps directly accessing bridges to Lulu Island would not be built. Richmond residents were angry.{{sfn|Dawe|1996|pp=56–57}}

On September 6, 1974, Pierre Trudeau announced that the new bridge over the north arm of the Fraser River would be named after Arthur Laing, who was a member of House of Commons of Canada from Vancouver.{{Cite web | url=http://alumni.landfood.ubc.ca/profiles/arthur-laing | title=Obituary (Arthur LAING) | website=www.ubc.ca | access-date=2020-01-30 | archive-date=2020-01-27 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200127210051/http://alumni.landfood.ubc.ca/profiles/arthur-laing/ | url-status=dead }}

The bridge opened to traffic on 27 August 1975.{{Cite web | url=https://archive.org/stream/dailycolonist19750822#page/n5/mode/1up/search/arthur+laing |title =The Daily Colonist, 22 Aug 1975 |website=www.archive.org}}{{cite news |title=Airport 15 min., $2 Closer |last=Vancouver Sun Staff |date=28 August 1975|url=https://www.proquest.com/results/18BC057C593A4F9APQ|work=Vancouver Sun |location=Vancouver |access-date=18 Feb 2022}}

=Since opening=

Image:Arthur-laing-marpole.jpg

Otto Lang, Minister of Transport, performed the official opening of the $23m crossing in May 1976.{{Cite web | url=https://archive.org/stream/dailycolonist19760516#page/n7/mode/1up/search/arthur+laing |title =The Daily Colonist, 16 May 1976 |website=www.archive.org}} On hand were Premier Bill Bennett, Gil Blair, mayor of Richmond, Art Phillips, mayor of Vancouver, and widow Geraldine Laing, who unveiled a plaque.

In May 1981, a Cessna 172, that ran out of fuel, crash landed on the bridge deck, but caused no injuries.{{sfn|Dawe|1996|p=61}}

Claiming concerns over increased congestion on Granville Street, the City of Vancouver opposed access ramps for Richmond traffic. However, since these commuters were already using the bridge by turning at Aviation Avenue, the true impact of ramps would be to reduce travel distance by {{convert|3.4|km|mi}}, and improve traffic flow on Sea Island. Tom Siddon, member for Burnaby—Richmond—Delta, pressed for the ramps, which opened in 1986.{{sfn|Dawe|1996|pp=57–60}}

In 1987, about 45 percent of the {{convert|25,355|sqyd|m2|order=flip}} deck was milled to about {{convert|20|mm|in|1}} to remove salt-contaminated concrete. After patching, the surface received cathodic protection, before placing a {{convert|50|mm|in}} thick low-slump dense concrete overlay.{{Cite web | url=https://www.concrete.org/publications/internationalconcreteabstractsportal/m/details/id/3790 |title =Cathodic Protection of the Arthur Laing Bridge |website=www.concrete.org}} The exercise closed half the lanes for four months, and cost about $3m.{{sfn|Dawe|1996|p=61}}

In the mid-1990s, the bridge underwent seismic upgrades, which comprised deficient bearings, piers and foundations, and potential soil liquefaction.{{Cite web | url=https://www.ausenco.com/en/arthur-laing-bridge-upgrade |title =Seismic Studies of the Arthur Laing Bridge |website=www.ausenco.com}} The work included 800 stone columns installed along either side of the bridge for ground improvement. Richmond, about {{convert|1|m|ft|spell=in}} metre above sea level, requires drainage and flood protection. To this end, Grauer Road was raised to 4.7m, which would handle a one-metre rise in sea level. At the road perimeter, the installation of a buried steel sheet pile wall will ensure the bridge piers remain flexible in a seismic event. The road base comprises pumice for light weight and drainage. The project was completed in 2014 for the opening of the McArthurGlen outlet mall.{{Cite web |title=Grauer Road dike replacement |url=https://www.kwl.ca/sites/default/files/GrauerRoadDikeReplacement.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200130041415/https://www.kwl.ca/sites/default/files/GrauerRoadDikeReplacement.pdf |archive-date=2020-01-30 |website=www.kwl.ca}}

With completion of the north runway in 1996,{{cite web |title=YVR Backgrounder |url=https://beta.images.theglobeandmail.com/archive/01367/YVR_1367161a.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200130041406/https://beta.images.theglobeandmail.com/archive/01367/YVR_1367161a.pdf |archive-date=2020-01-30 |website=www.theglobeandmail.com |page=2}} which was primarily used for landings, signs were installed that warned bridge traffic of low flying aircraft.

File:Arther_Lang_Bridge_and_Fraser_River,_Vancouver_(504734)_(23678427633).jpg

In 2006, YVR floated a proposal that the bridge be restricted to airport traffic, which provoked a hostile reaction from Richmond city councillors.{{Cite web | url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/aggressive-vancouver-airport-expansion-plan-raises-red-flags-1.627113 |title =CBC News, 8 Sep 2006 |website=www.cbc.ca}}

In 2008, Translink added a bus lane on Russ Baker Way, between Gilbert Road and Cessna Drive. To respond to 127 crashes each year on the bridge, camera monitoring was added and

a tow truck stationed at the south end of the bridge during morning rush hour.{{Cite web | url=https://www.pressreader.com/canada/vancouver-sun/20071120/281809984547677 |title =Vancouver Sun, 20 Nov 2007|via=PressReader}}

In 2014, the adjustment of vehicle lane widths allowed bike-lane widening to improve safety for cyclists.{{cite web| url=https://bikehub.ca/about-us/news/arthur-laing-bridge-bike-lane-widening | title=Bike lane widening, Arthur Laing Bridge | website=www.bikehub.ca}}{{cite web| url=https://urbansystems.ca/project/bicycle-network-implementation-strategy-yvr | title=Cycling improvements, Arthur Laing Bridge | website=www.urbansystems.ca}}