Artificial Linguistic Internet Computer Entity
{{Short description|Open-source chatterbot}}
{{Distinguish|Alice (virtual assistant)}}A.L.I.C.E. (Artificial Linguistic Internet Computer Entity), also referred to as Alicebot, or simply Alice, is a natural language processing chatterbot—a program that engages in a conversation with a human by applying some heuristical pattern matching rules to the human's input. It was inspired by Joseph Weizenbaum's classical ELIZA program.
It is one of the strongest programs of its type and has won the Loebner Prize, awarded to accomplished humanoid, talking robots, three times (in 2000,Thompson 2002, pg. 3 2001, and 2004). The program is unable to pass the Turing test, as even the casual user will often expose its mechanistic aspects in short conversations.
Alice was originally composed by Richard Wallace;Henderson 2007; pg. 126 it "came to life" on November 23, 1995.Thompson 2002, p. 2 The program was rewritten in Java beginning in 1998. The current incarnation of the Java implementation is Program D. The program uses an XML Schema called AIML (Artificial Intelligence Markup Language) for specifying the heuristic conversation rules.Wallace 2009, pg. 181
Alice code has been reported to be available as open source.Henderson 2007, pg. 127 The AIML source is available from [https://code.google.com/archive/p/aiml-en-us-foundation-alice/downloads ALICE A.I. Foundation on Google Code] and from the [https://github.com/drwallace/aiml-en-us-foundation-alice GitHub account of Richard Wallace]. These AIML files can be run using an AIML interpreter like Program O or [https://code.google.com/archive/p/program-ab/ Program AB].
In popular culture
Spike Jonze has cited ALICE as the inspiration for his academy award-winning film Her, in which a human falls in love with a chatbot. In a New Yorker article titled “Can Humans Fall in Love with Bots?” Jonze said “that the idea originated from a program he tried about a decade ago called the ALICE bot, which engages in friendly conversation.”{{Cite magazine|title = Can Humans Fall in Love with Bots?|url = http://www.newyorker.com/tech/elements/can-humans-fall-in-love-with-bots|magazine = The New Yorker|access-date = 2015-12-08|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181106205110/https://www.newyorker.com/tech/annals-of-technology/can-humans-fall-in-love-with-bots|archive-date = 2018-11-06}} The LATimes reported:
Though the film’s premise evokes comparisons to Siri, Jonze said he actually had the idea well before the Apple digital assistant came along, after using a program called Alicebot about ten years ago. As geek nostalgists will recall, that intriguing if at times crude software (it flunked the industry-standard Turing Test) would attempt to engage users in everyday chatter based on a database of prior conversations. Jonze liked it, and decided to apply a film genre to it. “I thought about that idea, and what if you had a real relationship with it?” Jonze told reporters. “And I used that as a way to write a relationship movie and a love story.”{{Cite news|title = NYFF 2013: With voice-centric 'Her,' Spike Jonze makes a statement|url = https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/moviesnow/la-et-mn-spike-jonze-her-joaquin-phoenix-20131013-story.html|newspaper = Los Angeles Times|date = 2013-10-13|access-date = 2015-12-08|issn = 0458-3035|language = en-US|first = Steven|last = Zeitchik|archive-date = 2015-12-20|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151220051643/http://articles.latimes.com/2013/oct/13/entertainment/la-et-mn-spike-jonze-her-joaquin-phoenix-20131013|url-status = live}}
See also
Notes
{{Reflist|33em}}
References
- {{Cite book|title = Artificial intelligence: mirrors for the mind|last = Henderson|first = Harry|publisher = Infobase Publishing|year = 2007|isbn = 978-1604130591|location = New York|oclc = 166421367|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=vKmIiICDIwgC}}
- {{Cite news|title=Approximating Life|date=July 7, 2002|last=Thompson|first=Clive|author-link=Clive Thompson (journalist)|url-access=registration|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/07/07/magazine/07WALLACE.html|access-date=August 30, 2013|department=Magazine}} Note: Online the article appears as four pages, which can be individually accessed by taking the article link and adding "?pagewanted=1" after it for the first page, or =2, =3 or =4 for each of the other pages available online.
- {{Cite book|title=Parsing the Turing test|last=Wallace|first=Richard S.|publisher=Springer Science+Business Media|year=2009|isbn=978-1-4020-6710-5|location=London|pages=181–210|chapter=The Anatomy of A.L.I.C.E.|chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-1-4020-6710-5/page/1|editor-first=Robert|editor-last=Epstein|editor-link=Robert Epstein|editor-last2=Roberts|editor-first2=Gary|editor-last3=Beber|editor-first3=Grace|doi=10.1007/978-1-4020-6710-5_13|access-date=2017-08-28|chapter-url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161010063302/http://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-1-4020-6710-5/page/1|archive-date=2016-10-10|url-status=dead}}
Further reading
- {{Cite journal|last=Thompson|first=Clive|author-link=Clive Thompson (journalist)|date=May 3, 2007|title=I Chat, Therefore I Am...|url=https://www.discovermagazine.com/technology/i-chat-therefore-i-am|journal=Discovery|issue=The Brain: An Owner's Manual|quote=Conversation between two robots drifts into flirtation and philosophy. (subtitle)| accessdate=2022-06-11}}
- {{cite web| author=Fiske-Harrison, Alexander| url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/incomingFeeds/article770337.ece| archive-url=https://archive.today/20130114032352/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/incomingFeeds/article770337.ece| archive-date=2013-01-14| title=A.L.I.C.E.'s springs - Do computers really converse?| publisher=The Times Literary Supplement| date=June 9, 2000| accessdate=2022-06-11}}
- {{cite web| url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/03/18/technology/sons-and-daughters-of-hal-go-on-line.html| title=Sons and Daughters of HAL Go on Line| author=David Pescovitz| work=The New York Times| date=March 18, 1999| accessdate=2022-06-11}}
External links
{{wikinews|Computer professionals celebrate 10th birthday of A.L.I.C.E. }}
- {{cite web| url=http://www.alicebot.org/history/technology.html| title=Alicebot Technology History| website=alicebot.org| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171230095936/http://www.alicebot.org/history/technology.html| archive-date=2017-12-30| url-status=dead| accessdate=2022-06-11}}
- {{cite web
|url=https://www.ilmarefilm.org/archive/weizenbaum_archiv_E.html
|url-status=live
|archive-date=2011-01-27
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110127185414/http://www.ilmarefilm.org/W_E_1.htm
|work=Documentary
|title=Weizenbaum. Rebel at Work
|publisher=Il Mare Film
|accessdate=2022-06-11
}}
- {{cite web |url= https://news.slashdot.org/story/02/07/26/0332225/alicebot-creator-dr-richard-wallace-expounds |title= Alicebot Creator Dr. Richard Wallace Expounds |publisher= Slashdot |work= Interview |date= July 26, 2002 |author= Roblimo| accessdate=2022-06-11}}