Artificial urinary bladder
The two main methods for replacing bladder function involve either redirecting urine flow or replacing the bladder in situ.{{citation |author= |publication-date= |title=Urinary Reconstruction and Diversion |chapter=Treatments & Procedures |publisher=Cleveland Clinic |chapter-url=https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/12546-urinary-reconstruction--diversion |accessdate=2013-03-22}} Replacement can be done with an artificial urinary bladder, an artificial organ.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}}
Development
On January 30, 1999, scientists announced that lab-grown bladders had been successfully transplanted into dogs. These artificial bladders worked well for almost a year in the dogs.
In 2000, a new procedure for creating artificial bladders for humans was developed. This procedure is called an orthotopic neobladder procedure. This procedure involves shaping a part (usually 35 to 40 inches) of a patient's small intestine to form a new bladder; however, these bladders made of intestinal tissues produced unpleasant side-effects.{{citation needed|date=October 2021}} The current standard for repairing a damaged urinary bladder involves partial or complete replacement using tissue from the small intestine.
In 2006, the first publication of experimental transplantation of bioengineered bladders appeared in The Lancet.{{cite journal |vauthors=Atala A, Bauer SB, Soker S, Yoo JJ, Retik AB |title=Tissue-engineered autologous bladders for patients needing cystoplasty |journal=Lancet |volume=367 |issue=9518 |pages=1241–6 |date=April 2006 |pmid=16631879 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68438-9 |s2cid=17892321|doi-access=free }}
- {{lay source |template=cite web|vauthors=Chung SY|url=https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(06)68481-X/fulltext#article_upsell|title=Bladder tissue-engineering: a new practical solution?}}{{subscription required}} The trial involved seven people with spina bifida between the ages of four and nineteen who had been followed for up to five years after surgery to determine long-term effects. The bladders were prepared and the trial run by a team of biologists at the Wake Forest University School of Medicine and Boston Children's Hospital led by Professor Anthony Atala. Bioengineered organs which rely on a patient's own cells, autologous constructs, are not subject to transplant rejection, unlike transplants from human or animal donors.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}}
References
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External links
- [https://www.voanews.com/a/a-13-2006-04-05-voa35/399594.html Doctors Create Re-Engineered Bladders] (Voice of America, 5 April 2006)
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20060912150747/http://www.samogden.com/artificial_organs.html Artificial bladder being developed by James J. Yoo M.D., Ph.D.at the Department of Urology at Harvard Medical School.]- non-biological artificial bladder.