Arwal district

{{Infobox settlement

| name = Arwal district

| settlement_type = District of Bihar

| total_type = Total

| native_name =

| image_skyline = Son River Arwal Bihar.jpg

| image_caption = Son River near Arwal

| image_map = Bihar district location map Arwal.svg

| map_caption = Location of Arwal district in Bihar

| coordinates =

| coor_pinpoint = Arwal

| subdivision_type = Country

| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}

| subdivision_type1 = State

| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Bihar Government Banner.png}} Bihar

| subdivision_type2 = Division

| subdivision_name2 = Magadh

| established_title = Established

| established_date =

| seat_type = Headquarters

| seat = Arwal

| parts_type = Tehsils

| parts_style = para

| p1 =

| area_total_km2 = 638

| postal_code_type = PIN Code

| postal_code = [https://indiapincodes.net/Bihar/Araria/ 8044XX]

| area_footnotes =

| population_as_of = 2011

| population_total = 700,843

| population_footnotes =

| population_urban = 51,849

| population_density_km2 = auto

| demographics_type1 = Demographics

| demographics1_title1 = Literacy

| demographics1_info1 = 67.44 per cent

| demographics1_title2 = Sex ratio

| demographics1_info2 = 928

| leader_title =

| leader_name =

| leader_title1 = Lok Sabha constituencies

| leader_name1 = Jahanabad

| leader_title2 = Vidhan Sabha constituencies

| leader_name2 = Arwal and Kurtha

| timezone1 = IST

| utc_offset1 = +05:30

| registration_plate =

| blank_name_sec1 = Major highways

| blank_info_sec1 = NH 139

| blank_name_sec2 = HDI {{nobold|(2016)}}

| blank_info_sec2 = {{increase}} 0.226{{cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324538742|title=Development of Human Development Index at District Level for EAG States|date=March 2016|access-date=18 February 2022}} ({{color|red|low}})

| website = {{URL|https://arwal.nic.in/}}

| official_name =

}}

Arwal district is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar state, India, and Arwal town is the administrative headquarters of this district. It was earlier part of Jehanabad district.

As of 2001 it is the third least populous district of Bihar (out of 38), after Sheikhpura and Sheohar.{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=District Census Handbook: Arwal |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/250/download/650/DH_2011_1038_PART_A_DCHB_ARWAL.pdf |website=Census of India |publisher=Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India}}

Arwal District is very small district of Bihar. Most of people are engaged in primary sector.

History

=Recent events=

There was a massacre of Dalit people, who were considered to be naxal supporters by Ranvir Sena-a private militia of dominant Bhumihar caste, at Laxmanpur Bathe in 1997. This massacre was in response of capturing land belonging to upper caste people and killing of Bhumihars in various massacre like Bara massacre and Senari massacre by Naxalite, most of the members of naxal cadres being Dalits. It was a part of the Red Corridor.{{cite web |url=http://intellibriefs.blogspot.com/2009/12/naxal-menace-83-districts-under.html |title=83 districts under the Security Related Expenditure Scheme |publisher=IntelliBriefs |date=2009-12-11 |access-date=2011-09-17 |archive-date=2011-10-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111027115807/http://intellibriefs.blogspot.com/2009/12/naxal-menace-83-districts-under.html |url-status=dead }}

Geography

Arwal district occupies an area of {{convert|638|km2|sqmi}},{{cite book|title=India 2010: A Reference Annual|editor=Srivastava, Dayawanti |publisher=Additional Director General, Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India), Government of India|year=2010|isbn=978-81-230-1617-7|edition=54th|location=New Delhi, India|pages=1118–1119|chapter=States and Union Territories: Bihar: Government}} comparatively equivalent to Canada's Foley Island.{{cite web | url = http://islands.unep.ch/Tiarea.htm | title = Island Directory Tables: Islands by Land Area | access-date = 2011-10-11 | date = 1998-02-18 | publisher = United Nations Environment Program | quote = Foley Island 638km2 | archive-date = 2015-12-01 | archive-url = https://archive.today/20151201081219/http://islands.unep.ch/Tiarea.htm | url-status = dead }}

=Hydrology=

Arwal is the unique district of Bihar in the sense of quality of water and its greater availability. As per survey done by the experts underground water of arwal is completely free from the impurities. Water is available at most of the place at much shallower depths this is the reason why most of the households of arwal used to install handpumps instead of motors and storage. Excellent transportation, Son river and huge availability of water in Arwal may provide suitable conditions to establishment of industries. It is the part of plain of Ganga. There are most agricultural field.

Politics

|}

Economy

Economy of the district is totally agriculture-based, and this area does not have any presence of any industry. Paddy, wheat and pulse are the main crops. Though most of the area of the district is well irrigated, due to lack of infrastructure and power, farmers are not benefitted. Industries related to agriculture are starting up nowadays.

Divisions

Arwal district is a part of Magadh division. It came into existence on 20 August 2001 and was earlier part of Jehanabad district. The district comprises only one sub-division, Arwal Sadar, which is further divided into five blocks, namely, Arwal, Karpi, Kaler, Kurtha and Suryapur Vanshi.There are total 335 villages present in district.{{cite web

|url = http://gov.bih.nic.in/profile/Districts/Arwal.htm

|title = Bihar districts:Arwal

|publisher = Official website of Bihar

|access-date = 2008-09-12

| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080923091541/http://gov.bih.nic.in/profile/Districts/Arwal.htm| archive-date= 23 September 2008 | url-status= live}}

Transport

Nearest Airport is at Patna and Railway Station is Jehanabad (JHD) and Anugarh Narayan Road (AUBR). By Road, Arwal is linked with Jehanabad, Patna and Aurangabad. Jagdeo Prasad Bridge connects to Arwal with Sahar (Bhojpur) on River Sone. It is having excellent communication facility with other cities of India. NH- 139 (Old NH- 98) which passes through Arwal connects NH- 19 (Old NH- 02).

Demographics

{{historical populations|11=1901|12=1,53,395|13=1911|14=1,60,771|15=1921|16=1,60,170|17=1931|18=1,77,693|19=1941|20=2,06,477|21=1951|22=2,28,434|23=1961|24=2,67,736|25=1971|26=3,26,245|27=1981|28=3,84,626|29=1991|30=4,65,038|31=2001|32=5,87,826|33=2011|34=7,00,843|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:{{cite web |title=Table A-02 Decadal Variation in Population Since 1901: Bihar |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/43343/download/47022/10%20A-2%20Bihar.pdf |website=census.gov.in|publisher=Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India}}|align=center}}

{{bar box

|title=Religions in Arwal district (2011){{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: Bihar |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11366/download/14479/DDW10C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India}}

|titlebar=#Fcd116

|left1=Religion

|right1=Percent

|float=left

|bars=

}}

According to the 2011 census Arwal district has a population of 700,843, roughly equal to the nation of Bhutan{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070613004507/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = June 13, 2007 | access-date = 2011-10-01 | quote = Bhutan 708,427}} or the US state of North Dakota.{{cite web

|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php

|title=2010 Resident Population Data

|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau

|access-date=2011-09-30

|quote=North Dakota 672,591

|url-status=dead

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019160532/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php

|archive-date=2013-10-19

}} This gives it a ranking of 502nd in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of {{convert|1099|PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}}. Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 19.01%. Arwal has a sex ratio of 927 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 69.54%. 7.40% of the population live in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 20.16% and 0.08% of the population respectively.

= Language =

{{pie chart

|thumb = right

|caption = Languages in Arwal district (2011)

|label1 = Magahi |value1 = 86.53 |color1 = crimson

|label2 = Hindi |value2 = 8.11 |color2 = Orange

|label3 = Urdu |value3 = 4.96 |color3 = Green

|label4 = Others |value4 = 0.40 |color4 = grey

}}

At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 86.53% of the population in the district spoke Magahi, 8.11% Hindi, and 4.96% Urdu as their first language.{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Bihar |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10196/download/13308/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1000.XLSX|website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India}} The language spoken here is Magahi. Some number of people also speaks Bhojpuri.

How to reach

Arwal district is 65 km from Patna District. It is bounded with Patna, Aurangabad, Jehanabad and Bhojpur District. This district is not connected by Rail. It can be reached by Road either from any of the bounded districts. Nearest airport is Patna airport which is 65 km from this district.