Association of Machadinho Rubber Tappers#Castanheira

{{Infobox protected area

| name = Association of Machadinho Rubber Tappers

| alt_name = Associação dos Seringueiros de Machadinho

| iucn_category = VI

| photo = Machadinho Rubber Tappers map.svg

| photo_alt =

| photo_caption = Machadinho Rubber Tappers reserves

| map = Brazil

| map_alt =

| relief = yes

| location =

| nearest_city = Machadinho d'Oeste, Rondônia. Brazil

| coordinates = {{coords|-9.425363|-61.997672|region:BR|display=inline, title}}

| area =

| designation = Extractive reserve

| created =

| administrator =

| world_heritage_site =

}}

The Association of Machadinho Rubber Tappers ({{langx|pt|Associação dos Seringueiros de Machadinho}}) operates fifteen small extractive reserves in the state of Rondônia, Brazil.

They were formerly part of private rubber extraction concessions, and continue to be used by the descendants of the original rubber tappers to extract rubber and other forest products.

Recently the reserves have been threatened by violence and illegal logging.

General

The Association of Machadinho Rubber Tappers administers 15 small extractive reserves in the municipalities of Machadinho d'Oeste, Cujubim and Vale do Anari in the state of Rondônia.

They are remnants of the former Seringal Santo Antônio, Seringal São Paulo and Seringal São Gonçalo rubber extraction concessions.

The main resource extracted from the forest is rubber, as well as nuts and copaiba oil.{{sfn|RESEX Massaranduba – ISA|loc=Características}}

The reserves are Angelim, Aquariquara, Castanheira, Freijó, Garrote, Ipê, Itaúba, Jatobá, Maracatiara, Massaranduba, Mogno, Piquiá, Roxinho, Seringueira and Sucupira.{{sfn|RESEX Massaranduba – ISA|loc=Características}}

Many of the residents were born in the region, descendants of the "rubber soldiers" who came to extract rubber for the foreign market in the 1940s.

They have adapted their way of life to the environment.

Only a few of the reserves have electricity.

Latex extraction provides the main source of income.

Other activities are growing cassava and making flour, production of bio-jewels, extraction and sale of copaiba and other oils.

Some are trying to take advantage of license for sustainable timber harvesting.

Production of eco-leather from plant fibre and oils is a promising source of income.{{sfn|Ozame|Pereira|Bonifácio|Tostes dos Santos|2011}}

In April 2015 members of the association met with the Committee on Environment and Sustainable Development of the state legislature.

The committee was told that the members lived in a climate of terrorism in Machadinho, and had been receiving death threats.

16 homicides had been recorded in the past ten years.

The protected areas were being laid waste with no effort being made by the state government to protect them.{{sfn|Igor Cruz|2015}}

Reserves

=Angelim=

Angelim Extractive Reserve has an area of {{convert|8923|ha}}.

It was created by decree 7.095 of 4 September 1995.

It is divided between the municipalities of Cujubim (22.12%) and Machadinho d'Oeste (77.88%).{{sfn|RESEX Angelim – ISA |loc=Informações gerais}}

=Aquariquara=

Aquariquara Extractive Reserve has an area of {{convert|18100|ha}}.

It was created by decree 7.106 of 4 September 1995.

It is in the municipality of Vale do Anari.{{sfn|RESEX Aquariquara – ISA |loc=Informações gerais}}

In 1994, according to the ÍNDIA NGO, there were 181 residents.

According to the 2000 survey by ASM / ASRMT there were 91 residents in 27 placements.

There is considerable and diversified agricultural production, especially coffee, in Aquariquara.

A project to manufacture and market babaçu (Attalea speciosa) flour was started in 1998, with considerable success.

The output is sold to schools and stores in Machadinho.{{sfn|RESEX Aquariquara – ISA |loc=Características}}

=Castanheira=

Castanheira Extractive Reserve ({{langx|pt|Reserva Extrativista Castanheira }}) has an area of {{convert|10200|ha}}.

It was created by decree 7.105 of 4 September 1995.

It is in the municipality of Machadinho d'Oeste.{{sfn|RESEX Castanheira – ISA|loc=Informações gerais}}

In 1994, according to the ÍNDIA NGO, there were 27 residents.

According to the 2000 survey by ASM / ASRMT there were 25 residents in ten placements.

One incident of logging was recorded in 2001–04, and there was irregular sale of placements and clearing above the established limits.{{sfn|RESEX Castanheira – ISA|loc=Características}}

=Freijó=

Freijó Extractive Reserve ({{langx|pt|Reserva Extrativista Freijó}}) has an area of {{convert|600|ha}}

It was created by decree 7.097 of 4 September 1995.

It is in the municipality of Machadinho d'Oeste.{{sfn|RESEX Freijó – ISA|loc=Informações gerais}}

In 1994, according to the ÍNDIA NGO, there were four residents.

According to the 2000 survey by ASM / ASRMT there were five two residents in one placement.

According to the survey 99.48% of the original vegetation cover remains.{{sfn|RESEX Freijó – ISA|loc=Características}}

=Garrote=

Garrote Extractive Reserve ({{langx|pt|Reserva Extrativista Garrote}}) has an area of {{convert|803|ha}}

It was created by decree 7.109 of 4 September 1995.

It is in the municipality of Machadinho d'Oeste.{{sfn|RESEX Garrote – ISA|loc=Informações gerais}}

In 1994, according to the ÍNDIA NGO, there were nine residents.

According to the 2000 survey by ASM / ASRMT there were eleven residents in two placements.{{sfn|RESEX Garrote – ISA|loc=Características}}

=Ipê=

Ipê Extractive Reserve ({{langx|pt|Reserva Extrativista Ipê}}) has an area of {{convert|815|ha}}.

It was created by decree 7.101 of 4 September 1995.

It is divided between the municipalities of Cujubim (21.07%) and Machadinho d'Oeste (78.93%).{{sfn|RESEX Ipê – ISA|loc=Informações gerais}}

In 1994, according to the ÍNDIA NGO, there were 28 residents.

According to the 2000 survey by ASM / ASRMT that number had dropped to two residents in two placements.

According to the survey 99.48% of the original vegetation cover remains.{{sfn|RESEX Ipê – ISA|loc=Características}}

=Itaúba=

Itaúba Extractive Reserve ({{langx|pt|Reserva Extrativista Itaúba}}) has an area of {{convert|1758|ha}}.

It was created by decree 7.100 of 4 September 1995.

It is in the municipality of Machadinho d'Oeste.{{sfn|RESEX Itaúba – ISA|loc=Informações gerais}}

In 1994, according to the ÍNDIA NGO, there were 3 residents.

According to the 2000 survey by ASM / ASRMT that number had risen to 7 residents in three placements.{{sfn|RESEX Itaúba – ISA|loc=Características}}

=Jatobá=

Jatobá Extractive Reserve ({{langx|pt|Reserva ExtrativistaJatobá }}) has an area of {{convert|1135|ha}}

It was created by decree 7.102 of 4 September 1995.

It is in the municipality of Machadinho d'Oeste.{{sfn|RESEX Jatobá – ISA|loc=Informações gerais}}

In 1994, according to the ÍNDIA NGO, there were 3 residents.

According to the 2000 survey by ASM / ASRMT there were 7 residents in 3 placements.

Original forest covers 89.5% of the reserve, and the remainder is used for agriculture.{{sfn|RESEX Jatobá – ISA|loc=Características}}

=Maracatiara=

Maracatiara Extractive Reserve ({{langx|pt|Reserva Extrativista Maracatiara}}) has an area of {{convert|9503|ha}}.

It was created by decree 7.096 of 4 September 1995.

It is in the municipality of Machadinho d'Oeste.{{sfn|RESEX Maracatiara – ISA|loc=Informações gerais}}

In 1994, according to the ÍNDIA NGO, there were 66 residents.

According to the 2000 survey by ASM / ASRMT there were 51 residents in 21 placements.

A 2005 report noted irregular sale of placements and clearing above the allowed limits.{{sfn|RESEX Maracatiara – ISA|loc=Características}}

=Massaranduba=

Massaranduba Extractive Reserve is in the municipality of Machadinho d'Oeste, Rondônia.

It has an area of {{convert|5566|ha}}.{{sfn|RESEX Massaranduba – ISA|loc=Informações gerais}}

According to an NGO in 1994 there were only five inhabitants and 99.48% of the original vegetation coverage remained.

The main threat was illegal removal of timber.{{sfn|RESEX Massaranduba – ISA|loc=Características}}

=Mogno=

Mogno Extractive Reserve ({{langx|pt|Reserva Extrativista Mogno}}) has an area of {{convert|2450|ha}}.

It was created by decree 7.099 of 4 September 1995.

It is in the municipality of Machadinho d'Oeste.{{sfn|RESEX Mogno – ISA|loc=Informações gerais}}

In 1994, according to the ÍNDIA NGO, there were 13 residents.

According to the 2000 survey by ASM / ASRMT there was only one resident.{{sfn|RESEX Mogno – ISA|loc=Características}}

=Piquiá=

Piquiá Extractive Reserve ({{langx|pt|Reserva Extrativista Piquiá}}) has an area of {{convert|1449|ha}}.

It was created by decree 7.098 of 4 September 1995.

It is in the municipality of Machadinho d'Oeste.{{sfn|RESEX Piquiá – ISA|loc=Informações gerais}}

In 1994, according to the ÍNDIA NGO, there were 16 residents.

According to the 2000 survey by ASM / ASRMT there were five residents in one placement.{{sfn|RESEX Piquiá – ISA|loc=Características}}

=Roxinho=

Roxinho Extractive Reserve ({{langx|pt|Reserva Extrativista Roxinho}}) has an area of {{convert|882|ha}}

It was created by decree 7.107 of 4 September 1995.

It is in the municipality of Machadinho d'Oeste.{{sfn|RESEX Roxinho – ISA|loc=Informações gerais}}

In 1994, according to the ÍNDIA NGO, there were 13 residents.

According to the 2000 survey by ASM / ASRMT there were 5 residents in two placements.

Factors that threaten the reserve are the removal of wood and hunting.{{sfn|RESEX Roxinho – ISA|loc=Características}}

=Seringueira=

The Seringueira Extractive Reserve is in the municipality of Vale do Anari, Rondônia, to the south of Machadinho d'Oeste, surrounded by land that has been largely deforested.

It has an area of {{convert|537|ha}}.

The Machadinho River runs along the west of the reserve.{{sfn|RESEX Seringueira – ISA}}

=Sucupira=

Sucupira Extractive Reserve ({{langx|pt|Reserva Extrativista Sucupira}}) has an area of {{convert|3.188|ha}} (Decreto -

It was created by decree 7.104 of 4 September 1995.

It is in the municipality of Machadinho d'Oeste.{{sfn|RESEX Sucupira – ISA|loc=Informações gerais}}

According to the 2000 survey by ASM / ASRMT there were no residents.{{sfn|RESEX Sucupira – ISA|loc=Características}}

Notes

Sources

{{citation|language=Portuguese|publisher=Rondônia Legislative Assembly

|author=Igor Cruz |title=Associação denuncia devastação de reservas em Machadinho |date=2 April 2015

|url=http://www.al.ro.leg.br/institucional/noticias/associacao-denuncia-devastacao-de-reservas-em-machadinho|accessdate=2016-08-31}}

{{citation |title=Aspectos econômicos do modo de vida dos seringueiros de Machadinho d’Oeste - Rondônia|language=Portuguese

|first5=Rubens Rodrigues de |last5=Alencar |first6=Jania Maria de |last6=Paula

|work=63ª Reunião Anual da SBPC|ISSN=2176-1221|date=July 2011|publisher=SBPC: Sociedade Brasileira para o Progresso da Ciência

|url=http://www.sbpcnet.org.br/livro/63ra/resumos/resumos/3096.htm|accessdate=2016-08-31}}

{{citation|ref={{harvid|RESEX Angelim – ISA}}|language=Portuguese

|title=RESEX Angelim|publisher=ISA: Instituto Socioambiental |url=https://uc.socioambiental.org/uc/627|accessdate=2016-08-30}}

{{citation|ref={{harvid|RESEX Aquariquara – ISA}}|language=Portuguese

|title=RESEX Aquariquara|publisher=ISA: Instituto Socioambiental |url=https://uc.socioambiental.org/uc/743|accessdate=2016-08-30}}

{{citation|ref={{harvid|RESEX Castanheira – ISA}}|language=Portuguese

|title=RESEX Castanheira|publisher=ISA: Instituto Socioambiental |url=https://uc.socioambiental.org/uc/1678|accessdate=2016-08-30}}

{{citation|ref={{harvid|RESEX Freijó – ISA}}|language=Portuguese

|title=RESEX Freijó|publisher=ISA: Instituto Socioambiental |url=https://uc.socioambiental.org/uc/2685|accessdate=2016-08-31}}

{{citation|ref={{harvid|RESEX Garrote – ISA}}|language=Portuguese

|title=RESEX Garrote|publisher=ISA: Instituto Socioambiental |url=https://uc.socioambiental.org/uc/2693 |accessdate=2016-08-31}}

{{citation|ref={{harvid|RESEX Ipê – ISA}}|language=Portuguese

|title=RESEX Ipê|publisher=ISA: Instituto Socioambiental |url=https://uc.socioambiental.org/uc/3033 |accessdate=2016-08-31}}

{{citation|ref={{harvid|RESEX Itaúba – ISA}}|language=Portuguese

|title=RESEX Itaúba|publisher=ISA: Instituto Socioambiental |url=https://uc.socioambiental.org/uc/3134 |accessdate=2016-08-31}}

{{citation|ref={{harvid|RESEX Jatobá – ISA}}|language=Portuguese

|title=RESEX Jatobá|publisher=ISA: Instituto Socioambiental |url=https://uc.socioambiental.org/uc/3547 |accessdate=2016-08-31}}

{{citation|ref={{harvid|RESEX Maracatiara – ISA}}|language=Portuguese

|title=RESEX Maracatiara|publisher=ISA: Instituto Socioambiental |url=https://uc.socioambiental.org/uc/4292 |accessdate=2016-08-31}}

{{citation|ref={{harvid|RESEX Massaranduba – ISA}}|language=Portuguese

|title=RESEX Massaranduba|publisher=ISA: Instituto Socioambiental |url=https://uc.socioambiental.org/uc/4454|accessdate=2016-08-30}}

{{citation|ref={{harvid|RESEX Mogno – ISA}}|language=Portuguese

|title=RESEX Mogno|publisher=ISA: Instituto Socioambiental |url=https://uc.socioambiental.org/uc/4582 |accessdate=2016-08-31}}

{{citation|ref={{harvid|RESEX Piquiá – ISA}}|language=Portuguese

|title=RESEX Piquiá|publisher=ISA: Instituto Socioambiental |url=https://uc.socioambiental.org/uc/5093 |accessdate=2016-08-31}}

{{citation|ref={{harvid|RESEX Roxinho – ISA}}|language=Portuguese

|title=RESEX Roxinho|publisher=ISA: Instituto Socioambiental |url=https://uc.socioambiental.org/uc/5920|accessdate=2016-08-31}}

{{citation|ref={{harvid|RESEX Seringueira – ISA}}|language=Portuguese

|title=RESEX Seringueira|publisher=ISA: Instituto Socioambiental |url=https://uc.socioambiental.org/uc/6057|accessdate=2016-06-07}}

{{citation|ref={{harvid|RESEX Sucupira – ISA}}|language=Portuguese

|title=RESEX Sucupira|publisher=ISA: Instituto Socioambiental |url=https://uc.socioambiental.org/uc/6431 |accessdate=2016-08-31}}

Category:1995 establishments in Brazil

Category:Extractive reserves of Brazil

Category:Protected areas of Rondônia