Atari Calculator

In 1977, the Calculator computer program was developed by Carol Shaw at Atari, Inc.{{Cite web |last=Shaw |first=Carol |author-link=Carol Shaw |title=Calculator - notes, reference, and sketches; 1977-1979 [bulk 1979] |url=https://archives.museumofplay.org/repositories/3/archival_objects/29273 |via=Strong Museum}}{{Cite web |title=Atari 400 800 XL XE Calculator |url=https://www.atarimania.com/pgesoft.awp?version=33786 |access-date=2024-09-10 |website=www.atarimania.com |quote=Publisher: Atari.}}{{Cite web |title=Atari 400 800 XL XE Calculator (APX-20130) |url=https://www.atarimania.com/utility-atari-400-800-xl-xe-calculator_30067.html |access-date=2024-09-10 |website=www.atarimania.com |quote=Publisher: APX.}}{{Cite web |last=Pappas |first=Peter |date= |title=ATARI SOFTWARE REVIEW - CALCULATOR |url=http://www.cyberroach.com/analog/an02/an2-038.htm |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20160904144039/http://www.cyberroach.com/analog/an02/an2-038.htm |archive-date=2016-09-04 |access-date= |website=cyberroach.com}} In 1979, the screenshot of the Atari Calculator, with the title ATARI CALCULATOR COPYRIGHT 1979 in the main window, was printed in the "Touch the future." brochure on the screenshots gallery page, featuring the upcoming Atari 800 computer. The UI was colored in light bluish text on a dark blue background.{{Cite book |last= |url=https://archive.org/details/AtariTouchTheFutureCatalog/page/n1/mode/2up |title=Touch the future. Atari 800 Personal Computer System |date=1979 |publisher=Atari |page=2 |type=Brochure}} In the same year, the "Calculator: Instruction Manual" book was printed, and program got product ID number CX-8102. On the screenshots of the program, printed in grayscale in the manual, the title in the main window changed to CALCULATOR COPYRIGHT (C) ATARI 1979.{{Cite book |last=Carol Shaw |url=https://archive.org/details/CalculatorAtari |title=Atari's Calculator manual |date=1979 |language=English}}

In 1981, the Calculator was marketed in the "Atari Personal Computer Product Catalog".{{Cite book |last= |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/atari-personal-computer-product-catalog-1981-atari/page/1/mode/2up?q=calculator |title=Atari's Atari Personal Computer Product Catalog 1981 |date=1981 |publisher=Atari |pages=2, 13 |language=English |chapter=Calculator |quote=Calculator. With this program, your ATARI Personal Computer becomes a powerful, 145-function programmable calculator.}}

{{Blockquote|text=Calculator. With this program, your ATARI Personal Computer becomes a powerful, 145-function programmable calculator.|author=Atari|title=ATARI Personal Computer Product Catalog|source=1981}}

In September 1981, the Atari Calculator was marketed in Atari Connection magazine, in the section for new business and professional applications:{{Cite journal |title=The ATARI Calculator |url=https://archive.org/details/Atari_Connection_Volume_1_Number_3_1981-09_Atari_US/page/n7 |journal=Atari Connection |publisher=Atari |publication-date=May 1981 |volume=1 |issue=3 |page=6 |quote=The ATARI Calculator can turn your ATARI Home Computer into a powerful calculator with 145 functions.}}

{{Blockquote|text=More than a simple handheld calculator, the ATARI Calculator combines features found in scientific, business, and statistical calculators. [...] Package includes a manual, one program diskette, and one blank diskette. Suggested Retail Price: $29.95. Estimated Availability: November 1, 1981.|author=Atari|title=The ATARI Calculator|source=Atari Connection, Fall 1981, Volume 1, Number 3}}

{{External image|image1=[http://www.vintagecomputing.com/wp-content/images/interviews/shaw/atari_calculator_box_large.jpg Calculator: Computer Program Diskette] (box cover)|image2=|image3=}}

During 1981—1982, it was distributed in two variants, by Atari, Inc. itself and by the Atari Program Exchange (APX) department,{{Cite web |title=Atari 400 800 XL XE Calculator (CX-8102) |url=https://www.atarimania.com/utility-atari-400-800-xl-xe-calculator_33786.html |access-date=2024-09-11 |website=www.atarimania.com}} in the form of boxed diskette, together with the Atari DOS 2.0, for the Atari 8-bit computers.{{Cite web |date=15 January 2024 |title=Atari Calculator CX8102 (C) 1979-Reference Manual or Command Key Reference |url=https://forums.atariage.com/topic/196487-atari-calculator-cx8102-c-1979-reference-manual-or-command-key-reference/#comment-5389672 |access-date= |website=AtariAge Forums |language=en-US |quote=Finished in 1979, sold in 1982 on disk officially with DOS II, while developed for DOS I. So be careful with MEM.SAV...}}

In June 1982, the "Calculator: Instruction Manual" book was printed by the APX, noted with "User-Written Software for Atari Computers" on the cover, and the program got product ID number APX-20130.{{Cite book |last=Carol Shaw |url=https://archive.org/details/CalculatorAPXVer2/Calculator_APX_ver_2 |title=APX's Calculator manual version 2 |date=1982 |language=English}} In the same year, product CX-8102 was listed in the "Atari Home Computer Product Catalog". On the screenshot, printed in color in the catalog, the colors of the UI were changed from dark blue to reddish brown, the output line colored in black with gray text, and the input line colored in light bluish colors.{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://archive.org/details/atari-product-catalog/page/n9/mode/2up?q=calculator |title=Atari Home Computer Product Catalog |publisher=Atari |year=1982 |pages=2, 10 |chapter=CALCULATOR (CX8102)}}

After 1982, there was little news about the Atari Calculator, its development, and it was excluded from the listing in the next official catalogs by Atari.{{Cite book |last=Atari International |url=https://archive.org/details/APXBritishCatalog |title=Atari Program Exchange Software Catalogue Spring 1983 Edition |date=1983 |language=English}}{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/Home_Computer_Software_1983_Thorn_EMI_US |title=Atari Catalog: Home Computer Software (1983)(Thorn EMI)(US) |date=1983}}{{Cite web |last=moorejh |date=2020-09-06 |title=Explore Atari Computer Sales Brochures and Catalogs (10-15 mins) – Atari Projects |url=https://atariprojects.org/2020/09/06/explore-atari-computer-sales-brochures-and-catalogs-10-15-mins/ |access-date=2024-09-11 |language=en-US}}

On 12 October 2011, Benj Edwards,{{Cite web |title=Benj Edwards {{!}} Tech Reporter, Journalist, Historian |url=https://www.benjedwards.com/ |access-date=2024-09-10 |website=www.benjedwards.com}} a tech reporter and historian, published on the "Vintage Computing & Gaming" site the transcription of the interview with Carol Shaw, who left Atari after 1980.{{Cite web |title=VC&G Interview: Carol Shaw, Atari's First Female Video Game Developer |url=http://www.vintagecomputing.com/index.php/archives/800 |access-date=2024-09-10 |website=vintagecomputing.com}} During the interview, there was revealed details about the Atari Calculator origin and development:

{{Blockquote|text=I also did a calculator for the [Atari] 800. It wasn't a game. [...] It's called Calculator. Basically, we bought a handheld programmable calculator that had financial functions and scientific functions, and so you would be able to program this thing. [...] I did this calculator thing. It did ship — I have one of them.|author=Carol Shaw (2011 interview with Vintage Computing magazine){{cite web | magazine=Vintage Computing | title=VC&G Interview: Carol Shaw, Atari's First Female Video Game Developer | url=http://www.vintagecomputing.com/index.php/archives/800 | date=12 October 2011 | accessdate=14 September 2024 | first=Benj |last=Edwards}}}}

Data sources: the official Atari manuals and catalogs, Carol Shaw's papers, the Atari Connection magazine, the AtariWiki

• Display size: 40×24 characters
• Required RAM size: 24 KB
• Programming support{{External image|image1=[https://atariwiki.org/wiki/attach/Atari%20Calculator/Programm2.jpg Program structure] for the Atari Calculator (excerpt from the papers)|image2=|image3=}}
• Program storage size: 100 memory registers
• Stack input size: 42 characters
• Memory data storage size: 3072 bytes
• Various calculation modes:
• ALG (algebraic with operator precedence)
• ALGN (algebraic without operator precedence)
• RPN (Reverse Polish Notation)
• Various angular modes: DEG, RAD
• Various numeric modes: DEC, OCT, HEX
• Precision: Floating point, Integer
• Logical operations: AND, OR
• 145 Functions: Financial, Statistical, Trigonometric, Hyperbolic, Bit Manipulation, Factorial, Logarithm, Single- and Double-variable functions, etc.
• Polar/Rectangular conversion
• Unit conversion (temperature, mass, distance, volume, angle, etc.)
• Constants: π (pi)
• Dual-panel view for stack and memory inputs
• Tips and Error messages
• Various color themes: Brown tones (default), Black and White (positive and negative), Blue/Dark Blue/Green/Pink/Yellow tones
• Input/Output
• Save/Load
• Print out (requires Atari 825 printer to be connected)
• Exit to DOS (Atari DOS 2.0 included in diskette distribution)

The Atari Calculator was not the only RPN calculator for Atari 800, there was also the commercial RPN Calculator (ID numbers APX-10105 and APX-20105), written in Atari BASIC by John Crane,{{Cite book |last=John Crane |url=https://archive.org/details/rpn-calculator-simulator-apx |title=APX's RPN Calculator Simulator Manual |date=1982}}{{Cite web |title=Atari 400 800 XL XE RPN Calculator Simulator : scans, dump, download, screenshots, ads, videos, catalog, instructions, roms |url=https://www.atarimania.com/utility-atari-400-800-xl-xe-rpn-calculator-simulator_29629.html |access-date=2024-09-11 |website=www.atarimania.com}}{{Cite web |title=ANTIC The Atari 8-bit Podcast: ANTIC Interview 158 - John Crane, RPN Calculator Simulator |url=https://ataripodcast.libsyn.com/antic-interview-158-john-crane-rpn-calculator-simulator |access-date=2024-09-11 |website=ataripodcast.libsyn.com |language=en}} and the Atari Rechner Simulation mit UPN by MTC (imitating hardware RPN calculator).{{Cite web |title=Atari Rechner Simulation mit UPN |url=https://www.atarionline.pl/v01/index.php?ct=utils&sub=9.%20Rozne&tg=Atari%20Rechner%20Simulation%20mit%20UPN#Atari%20Rechner%20Simulation%20mit%20UPN |access-date=2024-09-11 |website=www.atarionline.pl}}{{Citation |title=Atari Rechner Simulation mit UPN (1985)(MTC) |url=https://archive.org/details/a8b_Atari_Rechner_Simulation_mit_UPN_1985_MTC |access-date=2024-09-11}}{{Citation |title=Atari Bit Byter User Club - PD Disks: Calculator Simulation |url=https://archive.org/details/a8b_abbuc_076 |access-date=2024-09-11}}

In October 2014, Norbert Kehrer created free simulators of the Hewlett-Packard RPN calculators (HP-35, HP-45, HP-55 and HP-80) for Atari 800XL and Commodore 64.{{Cite web |last=Kehrer |first=Norbert |title=The HP Calculator Emulators for the Atari 800XL and for the Commodore 64 |url=https://norbertkehrer.github.io/a800_c64_hp_emu.html |access-date=2024-09-10 |website=norbertkehrer.github.io}}{{Cite web |title=Floppy Days Vintage Computing Podcast: Floppy Days 96 - Epson HX-20 Bonus, Norbert Kehrer Interview |url=https://floppydays.libsyn.com/floppy-days-96-epson-hx-20-bonus-norbert-kehrer-interview |access-date=2024-09-10 |website=floppydays.libsyn.com |language=en}}

For the later Atari computers, further scientific calculators were developed, for example, there were two public-domain software calculators: the Scientific Calculator by M. Weller for Atari ST,{{Cite web |title=Scientific Calculator - AtariUpToDate |url=https://www.atariuptodate.de/en/4209/scientific-calculator |access-date=2024-09-11 |website=www.atariuptodate.de |language=en}} and the RPN Calculator by Arnauld Chevallier for Intellivision.{{Cite web |title=RPN Calculator - Mattel Intellivision - Games Database |url=https://www.gamesdatabase.org/game/mattel-intellivision/rpn-calculator |access-date=2024-09-11 |website=www.gamesdatabase.org}}

In the late 1980s, Atari produced a line of hardware desktop and pocket calculators, but none of them had programming support and an RPN input.{{Cite web |last=Lai |first=Shiuming |year=2003 |title=Do The Math |url=https://exxosforum.co.uk/atari/mirror/myatari/issues/aug2003/domath.htm |access-date= |website=MyAtari magazine - Feature #6, August 2003 |via=exxosforum.co.uk}}{{Cite web |title=Retro Scan of the Week: And Now…The Atari Calculator |url=https://www.vintagecomputing.com/index.php/archives/260/retro-scan-of-the-week-and-nowthe-atari-calculator |access-date=2024-09-11 |website=vintagecomputing.com}}{{Cite web |title=manufacturers/Atari |url=https://www.calculator.org/manufacturers/Atari.html |access-date=2024-09-11 |website=www.calculator.org}}

{{External image|image1=[https://atariwiki.org/wiki/attach/Atari%20Calculator/calculator_cart.jpg Calculator: Computer Program] (ROM cartridge label by Oliver Rapp)|image2=[https://atariwiki.org/wiki/attach/AtariCalculator-VCFe14/vcfe14-4.jpg Calculator launched on Atari 800] on display during the VCFe 14 (2013)|image3=[https://www.wudsn.com/productions/atari800/ataricalculator/ataricalculator.gif Atari Calculator] (startup screen by Peter Dell for cartridge for Carol Shaw)}}

In 2012, the Atari Calculator was highlighted in an article published in the ABBUC Magazin (Issue #111), which was published by the German-based, Atari Bit Byter User Club e.V.,{{Cite web |title=Atari Bit Byter User Club - Demozoo |url=https://demozoo.org/groups/33045/ |access-date=2024-09-11 |website=demozoo.org}} and the styled Atari Calculator title was featured on the cover.{{Cite web |title=ABBUC Magazin #111-120 – Papierbeilage – ABBUC |url=https://abbuc.de/download/abbuc-magazin-111-120/ |access-date=2024-09-11 |language=de-DE}} Cover design and fan art illustrations assisting the article authored by Oliver Rapp.{{Cite web |date=2012-12-21 |title=ABBUC Magazin #111 |url=https://des-or-mad.net/portfolio/projekte/abbuc-magazin-111 |access-date=2024-09-11 |website=des-or-mad.net |language=de}}{{Cite web |date=2012-12-21 |title=ABBUC Magazin #111: Atari Calculator |url=https://des-or-mad.net/blog/artikel/abbuc-magazin-111-atari-calculator |access-date=2024-09-11 |website=des-or-mad.net |language=de}} Cover illustration also includes a sign in a lower right corner in a form of mathematical formula to say "Thank you", used by Atari community to honor notable contributors:{{Cite web |title=AtariWiki V3.1: Thanks |url=https://atariwiki.org/wiki/Wiki.jsp?page=Thanks#section-Thanks-CarolB.Shaw |access-date=2024-09-11 |website=atariwiki.org}}

$$\backslash sum\_\{i=0\}^\backslash infty(Thank\backslash ;you\backslash ;Carol)\_i$$

Rapp also designed a label for the possible future ROM cartridge release of the Atari Calculator, reserving ID number CXL-4028.{{Cite web |last=Rapp |first=Oliver |title=Calculator: Computer Program (Atari CXL4028) |url=https://atariwiki.org/wiki/attach/Atari%20Calculator/calculator_cart.jpg |type=ROM cartridge label |format=JPEG |via=atariwiki.org |quote=Use with console keyboard.}}

On 27—28 April 2013, the Atari Calculator was displayed at the 14th Vintage Computer Festival Europe (VCFe) in Munich, and Vortrag Wassenberg made its presentation. Slides from this presentation were published online.{{Cite web |title=VCFe 14.0 |url=https://vcfe.org/E/Nachlese.html#14 |access-date=2024-09-10 |website=vcfe.org |language=de |quote=Eintrag in der Atariwiki zumAtari Calculator auf dem VCFe.}}

On 22 November 2013, Peter Dell{{Cite web |title=peterdell / Profile |url=https://sourceforge.net/u/peterdell/profile/ |access-date=2024-09-11 |website=sourceforge.net}} released a ROM cartridge version of the modified original Atari Calculator with adding startup screen, as a personal gift sent to Carol Shaw:{{Cite web |title=WUDSN - 8-bits are enough - Tools |url=https://www.wudsn.com/index.php/productions-atari800/tools |access-date=2024-09-10 |website=www.wudsn.com}}

{{Blockquote|text=My cartridge was created as a personal gift for Carol. It is explicitly based on the released disk version and includes a complete DOS, so [it] can be used reasonably even you do not have a disk drive (which was the case for her).|author=Peter Dell|title=Calculator|source=https://forums.atariage.com/topic/351420-calculator/?do=findComment&comment=5257217}}

In 2013, Norbert Kehrer ported the original Atari Calculator to Commodore 64.{{Cite web |last=Kehrer |first=Norbert |date= |title=The Atari Calculator CX8102 for the Commodore 64 |url=http://web.utanet.at/nkehrer/atari_calc.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140331152941/http://web.utanet.at/nkehrer/atari_calc.html |archive-date=31 March 2014 |access-date= |website=web.utanet.at/nkehrer}}{{Cite web |last=Kehrer |first=Norbert |title=The Atari Calculator CX8102 for the Commodore 64 |url=https://norbertkehrer.github.io/atari_calc.html |access-date=2024-09-10 |website=norbertkehrer.github.io}}{{Cite web |title=Atari Calculator CX8102 |url=https://csdb.dk/release/?id=132428 |access-date=2024-09-10 |website=Commodore 64 Scene Database}}

On 5 November 2014, the Atari Calculator was highlighted on the 'Inverse ATASCII Podcast'. The podcast site also published the source of the example program for the Atari Calculator, newly created cheat sheet, screenshots of software screen in various modes and an excerpt from the original user manual showing a mistake on instruction illustration.{{Cite web |last=Ripdubski |date=2014-11-05 |title=S1E3 Atari Calculator – Supplement |url=https://inverseatascii.info/2014/11/05/s1e3-atari-calculator/ |access-date=2024-09-10 |language=en}}{{Cite web |last=Ripdubski |date=2014-11-05 |title=S1E3 Atari Calculator |url=https://inverseatascii.info/2014/11/05/s1e3-atari-calculator-2/ |access-date=2024-09-11 |language=en}}{{Cite web |last=Edwards |first=Benj |date=17 November 2014 |title=Inverse ATASCII Podcast #3 – Atari Calculator |url=https://www.vintageisthenewold.com/inverse-atascii-podcast-3-atari-calculator |access-date= |website=Vintage is The New Old |language=en-US}}

On 31 August 2016, Kay Savetz, the host of the 'ANTIC podcast', uploaded at the Internet Archive the scans of the Colleen Calculator source printouts, an unreleased cartridge version of the Atari Calculator — obtained from Harry Stewart — which was originally presented by Carol Shaw. In addition, two source printiouts, which included code for floating-point arithmetic handling, were scanned and uploaded the Atari Calculator cartridge specification, handwritten by Shaw, and the official prited user manual for the Atari Calculator.{{Cite web |last=Savetz |first=Kay |date=2016-08-31 |title=Colleen Floating Point Routines and Colleen Calculator source code |url=https://forums.atariage.com/topic/256541-colleen-floating-point-routines-and-colleen-calculator-source-code/ |access-date= |website=AtariAge Forums |language=en-US}} Savetz uploaded it all with a permission from Shaw, and the original printouts Shaw had donated to and now are storing at the Strong Museum, as well as all of the materials related to Atari, she collected during her employment period at the Atari (1978–1980).{{Citation |title=Finding Aid to the Carol Shaw Papers, 1960-2017 |date=31 January 2022 |work=Carol Shaw Papers |url=https://www.museumofplay.org/app/uploads/2022/01/Finding-Aid-to-the-Carol-Shaw-papers_013122.pdf |publisher=Brian Sutton-Smith Library and Archives of Play |quote=The Carol Shaw papers are a compilation of game design documentation, notes, sketches, source code printouts, advertisements, and other ephemera relating to the career of video game designer Carol Shaw. |via=Strong Museum}}

On 29 June 2017, Shaw was hosted by Savetz on the "ANTIC" podcast. During the interview, Shaw described more details about the Atari Calculator and the Colleen Calculator development.{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jQ0KoBenExU |title=Carol Shaw, Atari and Activision — interview |date=2021-08-30 |last=Kay Savetz |access-date= |quote=This interview took place on June 29, 2017. |via=YouTube}}{{Cite web |title=ANTIC The Atari 8-bit Podcast: ANTIC Interview 294 - Carol Shaw, Atari and Activision |url=https://ataripodcast.libsyn.com/antic-interview-294-carol-shaw-atari-and-activision |access-date=2024-09-10 |website=ataripodcast.libsyn.com |language=en}}{{Citation |last=Kevin Savetz |title=Carol Shaw, Atari and Activision — interview |date=2017-07-30 |url=https://archive.org/details/carol-shaw |access-date=2024-09-11}}

On 4 September 2020, Savetz released on GitHub source files of the Colleen Calculator, recovered and reconstructed from scanned printouts.{{Citation |last=Savetz |first=Kay |title=savetz/ColleenCalculator |date=2023-01-01 |url=https://github.com/savetz/ColleenCalculator |access-date=2024-09-10}} The header in source files includes info on the initial commit date by Shaw:

{{Syntaxhighlight|code=COLLEEN CALCULATOR, BY C SHAW

.TITLE 'COLLEEN CALCULATOR, BY C SHAW'

0000 ASMBL = 0 ;1=>ASSEMBLE THIS SECTION, 0=>THIS STUFF HAS BEEN REMOVED

;

; ATARI CALCULATOR CARTRIDGE COPYRIGHT 1979

; WORK STARTED 2/20/79

; PROGRAM STARTED 3/14/79|lang=asm|border=no}}The name of the Colleen Calculator refers to the codename of Atari 800 — the "Colleen".

{{columns-start}}UI layout from the screenshot printed in 1979:{{monodiv|id1=|

ATARI CALCULATOR COPYRIGHT 1979

RPN RAD DEC BITS16 FIX9 OFF

┏━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┓

┃ STACK ┃REG CONTENTS┃

┣━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━╋━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┫

┃X 2.907┃0 13.450┃

┃Y 35.┃1 0.┃

┃2 45.┃2 2.987┃

┃3 13.456┃3 35.┃

┃4 2368.7688┃4 3.1416┃

┃5 3.1416┃5 56.┃

┃6 120.┃6 0.┃

┃7 3.3714286┃7 0.┃

┃8 1637.┃8 0.┃

┃9 69.┃9 0.┃

┗━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┻━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┛

ENTER MEMORY REGISTER 0-99

3.

.35. ***

2.987 STO

ENTER MEMORY REGISTER 0-99

2.

2.987 ***

>▆

}}

{{column}}UI layout from the screenshot printed in 1982:{{monodiv|id1=|

CALCULATOR COPYRIGHT (C) 1979 ATARI

ALG RAD DEC BITS16 FIX8 CMPND ENTER

┏━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┓

┃ STACK ┃ MEMORY ┃

┣━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━╋━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┫

┃X 0┃0 0┃

┃Y ┃1 0┃

┃2 ┃2 0┃

┃3 ┃3 0┃

┃4 ┃4 0┃

┃5 ┃5 0┃

┃6 ┃6 0┃

┃7 ┃7 0┃

┃8 ┃8 0┃

┃9 ┃9 0┃

┗━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┻━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┛

0 ***

>▆

}}

{{columns-end}}

{{Portal|Computer programming|Mathematics

}}

• Comparison of software calculators
• Atari BASIC
• VisiCalc

• {{Cite book |url=https://atariwiki.org/wiki/attach/Atari%20Calculator/Atari_Calculator_Manual_Optimized.pdf |title=Calculator: Instruction Manual |publisher=Atari |year=1979 |series=Computer Program |type= }} (Compressed PDF, 22 MB)
• {{Cite book |url=http://strotmann.de/~cas/download/atari/Atari_Calculator_Manual_Original.pdf.gz |title=Calculator: Instruction Manual |publisher=Atari |year=1979 |series=Computer Program |type= |format=PDF}} (Original PDF, Gzip'ed, 114 MB)
• {{Cite journal |date=September 1981 |title=The ATARI Calculator |url=https://archive.org/details/Atari_Connection_Volume_1_Number_3_1981-09_Atari_US/page/n7 |journal=Atari Connection |publisher=Atari |volume=1 |issue=3 |pages=6}}
• {{Internet Archive|id=CalculatorAtari|name=Atari's Calculator manual}}
• {{Internet Archive|id=CalculatorAPXVer2|name=APX's Calculator manual version 2}}
• {{Internet Archive|id=ColleenCalculator|name=Colleen Calculator - Atari 8-bit - source code}}
• {{Internet Archive|id=ColleenCalculator9K|name=Colleen Calculator 9K version - Atari 8-bit - source code}}
• {{Internet Archive|id=ColleenFloatingPointRoutines|name=Colleen Floating Point Routines}}
• {{Internet Archive|id=AtariCalculatorCartridgeSpecification|name=Atari Calculator Cartridge Specification}}
• {{Cite book |last=Wassenberg |first=Vortrag |url=https://atariwiki.org/wiki/attach/AtariCalculator-VCFe14/Vortrag_Wassenberg.pdf |title=Atari Calculator @ VCFe 14 |publisher=Atari |year=2013 |series=Computer Program |location=Munich |type=Slides }}
• {{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://inverseatascii.info/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/s1e3-ac-cheatsheet1.pdf |title=Atari Calculator: Cheat Sheet |publisher=Inverse ATASCII |year=2014 |series= |location= |type= }}
• {{Cite journal |date=March 2020 |title=История индустрии: Carol Shaw |url=https://archive.org/download/legends_of_bytes/LegendsOfBytesIssue07.pdf |journal=Legends of Bytes |publisher=G Demidenko |volume=7 |issue= |pages=14–19 |last=Demidenko |first=G. |location=Cherkasy |trans-title=The History of The Industry: Carol Shaw |language=uk, ru, en |quote=Кроме того, она сделала калькулятор для Atari 800 - программируемый, с научными и финансовыми функциями. [Also, she created a calculator for Atari 800 - programmed, with scientific and finance functions.] |via=Internet Archive }}
• {{Cite book |date=September 2022 |title=Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games |url=https://archive.org/details/Atari_Connection_Volume_1_Number_3_1981-09_Atari_US/page/n7 |publisher=ACM |volume=22 |pages= 1–10|last1=Aycock |first1=John |quote=Carol Shaw’s game River Raid (1982) has a perfect match for the full routine, and the source code for her games is held by the Strong museum, meaning that the original source code for HRCALC can be seen; this is, in fact, where we take the name HRCALC from. |location=Athens |last2=Biittner |first2=Katie |last3=Ganesh |first3=Shankar |last4=Newell |first4=Paul Allen |last5=Therrien |first5=Carl |chapter=The Sincerest Form of Flattery: Large-Scale Analysis of Code Re-Use in Atari 2600 Games |doi=10.1145/3555858.3555948|isbn=978-1-4503-9795-7 }}
• {{Cite book |last=Marie |first=Meagan |url=https://www.crystaldynamics.com/content/uploads/2024/05/Women-in-Gaming-100-Professionals-of-Play-2024.pdf |title=Women in Gaming: 100 Professionals of Play |publisher=Crystal Dynamics |year=2024 |pages=26–27 |chapter=Carol Shaw |quote=Outside of gaming, Shaw programmed a calculator to run on the Atari 800 computer.}}
• {{Cite book |last=Chadwick |first=Ian |url=https://www.atariarchives.org/mapping/appendix9.php |title=Mapping The Atari |publisher= |year=1985 |pages= |chapter=Appendix 9: Numerical Conversions |format= |quote=|edition=Revised|type=The comprehensive sourcebook and memory guide|via=atariarchives.org}}

{{Reflist}}

• [https://atariwiki.org/wiki/Wiki.jsp?page=Atari%20Calculator Atari Calculator] at the AtariWiki
• [https://forums.atariage.com/topic/351420-calculator/ Atari Calculator] at the AtariAge Forums
• [https://www.atariarchives.org/APX/showinfo.php?cat=20130 Atari Calculator](APX-20130) at the AtariArchives
• {{GitHub|savetz/ColleenCalculator|Colleen Calculator}}
• [https://archives.museumofplay.org/repositories/3/resources/147 Carol Shaw papers] at the Strong Museum
• [https://www.wudsn.com/index.php/productions-atari800/tools Atari Calculator] (Atari cartridge by Peter Dell)
• [https://norbertkehrer.github.io/atari_calc.html Atari Calculator] (Commodore 64 port by Norbert Kehrer)
• Carol Shaw. {{Internet Archive|id=atr_APX20130-Calculator|name=APX20130 Calculator.atr}}
• John Crane. {{Internet Archive|id=atr_APX_RPN_Calculator|name=APX RPN Calculator.atr}}
• Norbert Kehrer. [https://www.hpmuseum.org/forum/thread-14301.html HP Calculator Emulators for the Commodore 64 and ATARI 800XL] at the Museum of HP Calculators
• MTC. {{Internet Archive|id=a8b_Atari_Rechner_Simulation_mit_UPN_1985_MTC|name=Atari Rechner Simulation mit UPN}}
• {{Internet Archive|id=atari_8bit_library_applications|name=Atari 8-Bit Library: Applications}}

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