Atheros

{{short description|Developer of semiconductors for network communications}}

{{Infobox company

| name = Atheros Communications, Inc.

| former_name = T-Span Systems, Inc. (1998–2000)

| logo = Atheros.svg

| logo_upright = 0.75

| traded as = {{NASDAQ was|ATHR}}

| image = Qualcomm Atheros San Jose, CA.JPG

| image_caption = Original headquarters in San Jose, California, under ownership of Qualcomm

| type = Public

| key_people = Craig H. Barratt, CEO 2003-2011

Jack Lazar, CFO 2003-2011

Rick Bahr, Head of Engineering 2000-2013

Bill McFarland, CTO 1999-2015

Colin Born, Corporate Development 2005-2014

| founded = {{start date and age|1998|5}}

| defunct = {{start date and age|2011|5}}

| fate = Acquired by Qualcomm

| founder = Teresa H. Meng, John L. Hennessy

| products = Ethernet, WLAN, Bluetooth, GPS, powerline communications, hybrid wired/wireless, location

| successor = Qualcomm Atheros

| location = San Jose, California, USA

| homepage = {{webarchive|url=http://web.archive.org/web/20090303060509/http://www.atheros.com/|title=atheros.com}}

}}

File:Logo of Atheros Communications Inc.svg

Atheros Communications, Inc., was an American computer networking company independently active from 1998 to 2011. It produced semiconductor chips for network communications, particularly wireless chipsets. The company was founded under the name T-Span Systems in 1998 by experts in signal processing and VLSI design from Stanford University, the University of California, Berkeley, and private industry. The company was renamed Atheros Communications in 2000 and it completed an initial public offering in February 2004, trading on the NASDAQ under the symbol ATHR.

On January 5, 2011, it was announced that Qualcomm had agreed to a takeover of the company for a valuation of US$3.7 billion. When the acquisition was completed on May 24, 2011, Atheros became a subsidiary of Qualcomm operating under the name Qualcomm Atheros.{{Cite web|url=http://www.qca.qualcomm.com/corporate/content.php|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120907021250/http://www.qca.qualcomm.com/corporate/content.php?nav1=119&news=321|url-status=dead|title=Qualcomm Atheros :: Corporate :: Press Releases|archive-date = September 7, 2012}}

Qualcomm Atheros chipsets for the IEEE 802.11 standard of wireless networking are used by over 30 different wireless device manufacturers.[https://web.archive.org/web/20040820041732/http://www.super-g.com/superproducts.html Companies that use Atheros wifi chips]

History

T-Span Systems, Inc. was co-founded in 1998 by Teresa Meng, professor of engineering at Stanford University and John L. Hennessy, provost at the time and subsequently president of Stanford University.{{cite news |last1=Smith |first1=Lee |title=The Innovators |url=https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fsb/fsb_archive/2001/05/01/302520/ |access-date=16 February 2025 |work=CNN Money |publisher=WarnerMedia Co. |date=1 May 2001}}

File:TSpan team mid-1999.jpg

The company's first office was a converted house on Encina Avenue, Palo Alto, adjacent to a car wash and Town & Country Village.

In September 1999, the company moved to an office at 3145 Porter Drive, Building A, Palo Alto.

In 2000, T-Span Systems was renamed Atheros Communications and the company moved to a larger office at 529 Almanor Avenue, Sunnyvale. Atheros publicly demonstrated its inaugural chipset, the world's first WLAN implemented in CMOS technology and the first high-speed 802.11a 5 GHz technology.

In 2002, Atheros announced a dual-band wireless product,{{Cite web|url=https://www.siliconinvestor.com/readmsgs.aspx?subjectid=33541&msgnum=372&batchsize=10&batchtype=Previous|title=Intersil - ISIL | Stock Discussion Forums|website=www.siliconinvestor.com|access-date=September 2, 2019|archive-date=August 6, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806132325/https://www.siliconinvestor.com/readmsgs.aspx?subjectid=33541&msgnum=372&batchsize=10&batchtype=Previous|url-status=live}} the AR5001X 802.11a/b.

In 2002, Craig H. Barratt joined Atheros as vice president and in March 2003 became CEO.{{Citation needed|date=June 2020}}

In 2003, the company shipped its 10-millionth wireless chip.{{Cite web|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Atheros+Ships+Its+10-Millionth+Wireless+Chip.-a0109319173|title=10-millionth wireless chip|access-date=September 20, 2012|archive-date=December 26, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141226034619/http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Atheros+Ships+Its+10-Millionth+Wireless+Chip.-a0109319173|url-status=dead}}

In 2004, Atheros unveiled a number of products, including the first video chipset for mainstream HDTV-quality wireless connectivity.

In 2004, Atheros disclosed its Super-G compression protocol to double the performance of 802.11/g. This was a major event in this history of the company and drove a great deal of sales and growth.

In 2005, Atheros introduced the industry's first MIMO-enabled WLAN chip,{{Cite web|url=https://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1208468|title=Atheros takes on Airgo, Broadcom with new chip set, security software|website=EETimes|access-date=September 2, 2019|archive-date=March 12, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312080601/http://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1208468|url-status=live}} as well as the ROCm family for mobile handsets and portable consumer electronics.

In 2006, Atheros announced its XSPAN product line,{{Cite web|url=http://www.sys-con.com/node/376644|title=Atheros' XSPAN Dual-Band Solutions Selected for Wi-Fi CERTIFIED(TM) 802.11n Draft 2.0 Test Suite | SYS-CON MEDIA|website=www.sys-con.com|access-date=September 20, 2012|archive-date=July 18, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718101934/http://www.sys-con.com/node/376644|url-status=live}} which featured a single-chip, triple-radio for 802.11n. In this same year, they began to collaborate with Qualcomm on a product for CDMA and WCDMA-enabled handsets.

In 2008, Atheros announced the Align 1-stream 802.11n product line for PCs and networking equipment.{{Cite web|url=https://www.hardwarecentral.com/reviews/best-wifi-routers-large-house/|title=Best Wi-Fi Routers for a Large House or Office Reviews (2018)|date=February 19, 2018|website=Hardware Central|access-date=September 2, 2019|archive-date=September 2, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902163051/https://www.hardwarecentral.com/reviews/best-wifi-routers-large-house/|url-status=live}}

In 2010, Atheros shipped its 500-millionth WLAN chipset{{Cite web|url=http://www.sys-con.com/node/1469288|title=Atheros Ships 500 Millionth Wi-Fi(R) Chipset | SYS-CON MEDIA|website=www.sys-con.com|access-date=September 20, 2012|archive-date=July 18, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718084150/http://www.sys-con.com/node/1469288|url-status=live}} and 100-millionth Align 1-stream chipset. They released the first HomePlug AV chipset with a 500 Mbit/s PHY rate.

=IPO=

On February 12, 2004, Atheros completed its initial public offering on the NASDAQ exchange{{Cite web|url=https://www.hardwarecentral.com/reviews/best-wifi-routers-large-house/|title=Best Wi-Fi Routers for a Large House or Office Reviews (2018)|date=February 19, 2018|website=Hardware Central|access-date=September 2, 2019|archive-date=September 2, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902163051/https://www.hardwarecentral.com/reviews/best-wifi-routers-large-house/|url-status=live}} trading under the symbol ATHR. Shares opened at {{US$|long=no|14}} per share with 9 million offered. Prices on the first day ranged up to {{US$|long=no|18.45}} and closed at {{US$|long=no|17.60}} per share.{{Cite web|url=https://www.tomshardware.co.uk/atheros-ipo-brings-big,news-10854.html|title=Atheros IPO brings big $ now, Cisco soon?|date=February 13, 2004|website=Tom's Hardware|access-date=September 2, 2019|archive-date=September 2, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902094110/https://www.tomshardware.co.uk/atheros-ipo-brings-big,news-10854.html|url-status=live}} At the time, Atheros had approximately 170 employees.{{Citation needed|date=June 2020}}

=Acquisition by Qualcomm=

File:Qualcomm Atheros Logo.gif

In January 2011, Qualcomm agreed to acquire Atheros at $45 per share cash. This agreement was subject to shareholder regulatory approvals.[http://investors.atheros.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=149102&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=1512964&highlight=]{{Dead link|date=May 2016}} In May 2011, Qualcomm completed its acquisition of Atheros Communications for a total of US$3.7 billion. Atheros became a subsidiary of Qualcomm under the name Qualcomm Atheros.

After the acquisition, the division unveiled the WCN3660 Combo Chip, which integrated dual-band Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and FM into Qualcomm Snapdragon mobile processors. Qualcomm Atheros launched the Skifta media shifting application for Android{{Cite web|url=http://www.webwire.com/ViewPressRel.asp?aId=129759)(%20http://www.telecompaper.com/news/qualcomm-atheros-launches-homeplug-green-phy-service|title=Skifta Launched|access-date=September 20, 2012|archive-date=April 7, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407061109/https://www.webwire.com/ViewPressRel.asp?aId=129759)(%20http://www.telecompaper.com/news/qualcomm-atheros-launches-homeplug-green-phy-service|url-status=live}} and released the first HomePlug Green PHY at the end of the year.

In 2012, Qualcomm Atheros announced a Wi-Fi display product at the Consumer Electronics Show 2012,{{Cite web|url=http://www.sys-con.com/node/2122090|title=Qualcomm Atheros Introduces First Generation of Wi-Fi Display-enabled Connectivity Solutions | SYS-CON MEDIA|website=www.sys-con.com|access-date=September 20, 2012|archive-date=April 30, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140430232806/http://www.sys-con.com/node/2122090|url-status=live}} along with a new chip for HomePlug AV power line networking. At Mobile World Congress 2012, Qualcomm Atheros demonstrated a suite of 802.11ac enabled products.{{Cite web|url=https://www.telecompaper.com/news/qualcomm-atheros-launches-80211ac-product-ecosystem--857651|title=Qualcomm Atheros launches 802.11ac product ecosystem|website=www.telecompaper.com|access-date=September 2, 2019|archive-date=September 2, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902094111/https://www.telecompaper.com/news/qualcomm-atheros-launches-80211ac-product-ecosystem--857651|url-status=live}} This included the WCN3680, a mobile 802.11ac combo chip targeting smartphones and tablets. In June 2012 at Computex, Qualcomm Atheros added new 802.11ac products.{{Cite web|url=http://www.digitimes.com/news/a20110601PR207.html%26chid%3D9|title=Qualcomm Atheros demonstrates portfolio of 5GHz Wi-Fi networking solutions|website=DIGITIMES|date=June 2, 2011|access-date=September 2, 2019|archive-date=September 2, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902094110/http://www.digitimes.com/news/a20110601PR207.html%26chid%3D9|url-status=live}}

In 2015, Qualcomm Atheros released the QCA9531 system-on chip (SoC), which is an 802.11n 2x2 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi SoC for WLAN platforms, with CPU clock speed up to 650 MHz, supporting DDR2 or DDR1 memory.{{cite web | url=https://www.qualcomm.com/products/technology/wi-fi/qca9531 | title=Qualcomm QCA9531 Chipset | 2x2 802.11n Wi-Fi SoC | Qualcomm | access-date=May 9, 2024 | archive-date=March 7, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240307145813/https://www.qualcomm.com/products/technology/wi-fi/qca9531 | url-status=live }}

Products

WLAN – Qualcomm Atheros offers wireless connectivity products, including their Align 1-stream 802.11n chips, and the XSPAN 2-stream with SST2 and 3-stream with SST3 chips for 802.11n. The Align 1 also supports WLAN for mobile with up to 150 Mbit/s PHY rates for smartphones and portable consumer electronics. Qualcomm Atheros also offers legacy WLAN designs for 802.11a/g.{{Cite web|url=https://www.qualcomm.com/products|title=Products|date=May 30, 2014|website=Qualcomm|access-date=September 2, 2019|archive-date=September 2, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902150436/https://www.qualcomm.com/products|url-status=live}}{{cite web|access-date=June 26, 2024 |date=April 8, 2009 |title=Atheros Expands 802.11n Offering |publisher=eetimes.com |url=https://www.eetimes.com/atheros-expands-802-11n-offering/}}
PAS/PHS In March 2005, Atheros launched the AR1900, which was the first chip to combine a cellular transceiver, application processor, baseband functionality, audio paths, power management, as well as keypad, display and USB interfaces for the PHS mobile network, which was mainly used in China, Japan and Taiwan.{{cite web|access-date=June 26, 2024 |date=March 20, 2005 |title=Atheros Introduces Single-Chip PHS Cellular Solution |publisher=convergedigest.com |url=https://convergedigest.com/atheros-introduces-single-chip-phs/}}
Power line communication (PLC) – Atheros is a member of the HomePlug Powerline Alliance and its AR1500 line supports the IEEE 1901 standard.{{cite web|access-date=June 26, 2024 |date=January 5, 2015 |title=HomePlug® Alliance Enhances Whole-Home Networking with HomePlug AV2 MIMO Product Certification |publisher=businesswire.com |url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20150105005438/en/HomePlug%C2%AE-Alliance-Enhances-Whole-Home-Networking-with-HomePlug-AV2-MIMO-Product-Certification}}{{cite web|access-date=June 26, 2024 |date=May 17, 2012 |title=New Products Jump On The PLC Bandwagon |publisher=electronicdesign.com |url=https://www.electronicdesign.com/technologies/embedded/digital-ics/processors/dsp/article/21789782/new-products-jump-on-the-plc-bandwagon}}
Ethernet – Qualcomm Atheros offers the ETHOS line of Ethernet interfaces, as well as the low-energy EDGE line, which supports the IEEE 802.3az-2010 Energy Efficient standard.
Hybrid Networking – Qualcomm Atheros' hybrid networking technology, Hy-Fi, integrates WLAN, PLC, and Ethernet technologies. According to Atheros, the technology complies with the IEEE 1905.1 standard.{{cite web|access-date=June 26, 2024 |date=October 21, 2013 |title=Qualcomm Atheros Introduces QCA7500 HPAV2 Powerline Solution with MIMO Capabilities |publisher=anandtech.com |url=https://www.anandtech.com/show/7447/qualcomm-atheros-introduces-qca7500-hpav2-powerline-solution-with-mimo-capabilities}}
Location Technology – In 2012, Qualcomm Atheros announced its IZat location technology. The technology uses multiple sources, such as satellites and WLAN networks, to pinpoint the location of the user.
Bluetooth – Qualcomm Atheros offers Bluetooth chips for a variety of platforms. The company also offers integrated combo WLAN and Bluetooth chips.{{cite web|access-date=June 26, 2024 |date=April 19, 2012 |title=Killer Wireless-N 1202 adds Bluetooth 4.0, saving room in a gaming laptop for something else |publisher=theverge.com |url=https://www.theverge.com/2012/4/19/2959403/killer-wireless-n-1202-bluetooth-4}}
PON – Qualcomm Atheros passive optical network (PON) technologies incorporate standards such as IEEE 802.3ah,{{cite web|access-date=June 26, 2024 |date=July 12, 2011 |title=Qualcomm Atheros chip supports EPON for FTTH and power grids |publisher=lightwaveonline.com |url=https://www.lightwaveonline.com/optical-tech/article/16661340/qualcomm-atheros-chip-supports-epon-for-ftth-and-power-grids}} multiple-channel, software-based, digital signal processing for the G.711 and G.729 ITU standards for VoIP, and TR-156 Broadband Forum PON standard.

Acquisitions

CodeTelligence – SDIO software/firmware developer, acquired in 2005.
ZyDAS Technology – a USB Wireless LAN company headquartered in Hsinchu, Taiwan, acquired in 2006.{{Cite web|url=https://www.pamirlaw.com/publication/news/atheros-communications-completes-acquisition-of-zydas-technology-corporation/|title=ZyDAS Technology|date=August 7, 2006 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
Attansic Technology – a Fast and Gigabit Ethernet chip maker headquartered in Taiwan, acquired in early 2007.{{Cite web |url=http://www.nordic.com/news/atheros-communications-acquires-u-nav-microelectronics/ |title=Attansic acquisition |access-date=September 20, 2012 |archive-date=December 25, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111225110129/http://www.nordic.com/news/atheros-communications-acquires-u-nav-microelectronics/ |url-status=live }}
u-Nav Microelectronics – a GPS chipmaker headquartered in Irvine, CA, acquired in 2007.
Intellon Corporation – a public company with powerline communication (PLC) for home networking, networked entertainment, broadband-over-powerline (BPL) access, Ethernet-over-Coax (EoC), and smart grid management applications. They were acquired in late 2009.{{Cite web|url=http://www.atheros.com/news/Intellon2.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102015229/http://atheros.com/news/Intellon2.html|url-status=dead|title=Intellon acquisition|archive-date=January 2, 2010}}
Opulan Technology Corp – EPON broadband access technology developer in Shanghai, China, acquired in August 2010.{{Cite web|url=http://www.atheros.com/news/Opulan2.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100917132700/http://atheros.com/news/Opulan2.html|url-status=dead|title=Opulan acquisition|archive-date=September 17, 2010}}
Bigfoot Networks – an Austin, Texas-based company acquired in September 2011, with application-aware networking technologies that are being marketed under the trademarked brand-name of StreamBoost.{{Cite web |url=http://www.itproportal.com/2011/09/06/qualcomm-buys-bigfoot-home-entertainment-push/ |title=Bigfoot Networks acquired |access-date=September 20, 2012 |archive-date=October 29, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029184134/http://www.itproportal.com/2011/09/06/qualcomm-buys-bigfoot-home-entertainment-push/ |url-status=live }}
Ubicom – a company known for their processor and software designed to optimize network data, acquired in February 2012.
DesignArt – small cell chip company that combined several radio technologies on a single chip, used to provide wireless backhaul to smaller base stations. Acquired in August 2012.{{Cite web |url=http://www.linleygroup.com/newsletters/newsletter_detail.php?num=4804 |title=Ubicom acquisition |access-date=September 20, 2012 |archive-date=January 18, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130118081748/http://www.linleygroup.com/newsletters/newsletter_detail.php?num=4804 |url-status=live }}
Wilocity - a fabless semiconductor company focusing on IEEE 802.11ad (60 GHz) was purchased by Qualcomm in July 2014.

Free and open-source software support

Support for Atheros devices on Linux and FreeBSD once relied on the hobbyist project MadWifi, originally created by Sam Leffler and later supported by Greg Chesson. MadWifi later evolved into ath5k.{{Cite web|url=http://madwifi-project.org/wiki/About/History|title=About/History - madwifi-project.org - Trac|website=madwifi-project.org|access-date=January 23, 2017|archive-date=February 2, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202063003/http://madwifi-project.org/wiki/About/History|url-status=live}} In July 2008, Atheros released an open-source Linux driver called ath9k for their 802.11n devices.{{Cite web|url=http://madwifi-project.org/wiki/news/20080725/ath9k-atheros-unveils-free-linux-driver-for|title=news/20080725/ath9k-atheros-unveils-free-linux-driver-for - madwifi-project.org - Trac|website=madwifi-project.org|access-date=March 23, 2009|archive-date=July 27, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727061456/http://madwifi-project.org/wiki/news/20080725/ath9k-atheros-unveils-free-linux-driver-for|url-status=dead}} Atheros also released some source from their binary HAL under ISC license to add support for their abg chips. Atheros has since been actively contributing towards the ath9k driver in Linux.{{cite web |title=en:users:drivers:ath9k |url=https://wireless.wiki.kernel.org/en/users/drivers/ath9k |website=Linux Wireless |access-date=September 2, 2019 |archive-date=September 2, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902092831/https://wireless.wiki.kernel.org/en/users/drivers/ath9k |url-status=live }} Atheros has also been providing documentation and assistance to the FreeBSD community to enable updated support for 802.11n chipsets in FreeBSD-9.0 and up.{{Cite web|url=https://wiki.freebsd.org/dev/ath(4)|title=dev/ath(4) - FreeBSD Wiki|website=wiki.freebsd.org|access-date=September 2, 2019|archive-date=February 15, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190215151857/https://wiki.freebsd.org/dev/ath%284%29|url-status=live}}

The flexibility and openness of ath9k makes it a prime candidate for experiments around improving Wi-Fi. It is the first subject of a FQ-CoDel-based radio fairness improvement experiment by Make-Wifi-Fast.{{Cite conference| publisher = USENIX - The Advanced Computing Systems Association| isbn = 978-1-931971-38-6| conference = 2017 USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC 17)| pages = 139–151| last1 = Høiland-Jørgensen| first1 = Toke| last2 = Kazior| first2 = Michał| last3 = Täht| first3 = Dave| last4 = Hurtig| first4 = Per| last5 = Brunstrom| first5 = Anna| title = Ending the Anomaly: Achieving Low Latency and Airtime Fairness in WiFi| access-date = September 28, 2017| date = 2017| url = https://www.usenix.org/conference/atc17/technical-sessions/presentation/hoilan-jorgesen| archive-date = August 13, 2019| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190813044705/https://www.usenix.org/conference/atc17/technical-sessions/presentation/hoilan-jorgesen| url-status = live}} [https://www.cs.kau.se/tohojo/airtime-fairness/ source code] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424132835/https://www.cs.kau.se/tohojo/airtime-fairness/ |date=April 24, 2018 }}. The driver has also been modified by radio hobbyists to broadcast in licensed frequency bands.{{cite web |title=[v2,1/3] ath9k: Support channels in licensed bands |url=https://patchwork.kernel.org/patch/9641105/ |website=Linux Kernel Patchwork |access-date=September 2, 2019 |archive-date=September 2, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902092832/https://patchwork.kernel.org/patch/9641105/ |url-status=live }}{{cite web|title=Using WiFi Atheros chips in hamradio bands|website=Radio Adventures (yo3iiu)|date=November 30, 2013|url=http://yo3iiu.ro/blog/?p=1301|access-date=September 2, 2019|archive-date=August 13, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190813101616/http://yo3iiu.ro/blog/?p=1301|url-status=live}}

The article comparison of open-source wireless drivers lists free and open-source software drivers available for all Qualcomm Atheros IEEE 802.11 chipsets. The most recent generations of Atheros wireless cards (802.11ac and 802.11ax) require non-free binary blob firmware to work,{{Cite web|url=https://github.com/kvalo/ath10k-firmware|title=Firmware files for ath10k, a mac80211 driver for Qualcomm 802.11ac devices: kvalo/ath10k-firmware|date=August 31, 2019|via=GitHub|access-date=August 21, 2015|archive-date=January 17, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150117062308/https://github.com/kvalo/ath10k-firmware|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://github.com/kvalo/ath11k-firmware|title=Firmware files for ath11k, a mac80211 driver for Qualcomm 802.11ax devices: kvalo/ath11k-firmware|date=August 31, 2019|via=GitHub|access-date=May 24, 2021|archive-date=April 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422031819/https://github.com/kvalo/ath11k-firmware|url-status=live}} whereas earlier generations generally do not require non-free firmware.

Atheros was featured in OpenBSD's songs that relate to the ongoing efforts of freeing non-free devices.{{Cite web|url=http://www.openbsd.org/lyrics.html#39|title=OpenBSD: Release Songs|website=www.openbsd.org|access-date=January 16, 2011|archive-date=July 28, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728191519/http://www.openbsd.org/lyrics.html#39|url-status=live}}

References

External links

{{webarchive |url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20130809035007/http%3A//www.qca.qualcomm.com/ |title=Qualcomm Atheros homepage |date=August 9, 2013}}
[http://madwifi-project.org/wiki/Compatibility Atheros Madwifi support in Linux – historical] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181004215850/http://madwifi-project.org/wiki/Compatibility |date=October 4, 2018 }}
{{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110423234600/http://linuxwireless.org/en/users/Drivers/ath9k |title=Atheros-supported ath9k 802.11n chipset support |date=April 23, 2011}}
{{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110429103824/http://linuxwireless.org/en/users/Drivers/ath5k |title=Community-driven legacy Atheros chipset support in Linux |date=April 29, 2011}}
[http://wiki.freebsd.org/dev/ath_hal%284%29/HardwareSupport Community-driven FreeBSD atheros chipset support, pre-802.11n and 802.11n chipsets]
[https://github.com/qca/open-plc-utils Open source utility package for management INT6400, AR7400 and AR7420 chipsets, known as HomePlug technology]

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Category:2011 disestablishments in California

Category:2011 mergers and acquisitions

Category:American companies disestablished in 2011

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Category:Companies formerly listed on the Nasdaq

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Category:Defunct computer hardware companies