Ati language (Philippines)
{{Short description|Austronesian language spoken in Philippines}}
{{Distinguish|Kuteb language|Ati language (China)}}
{{Infobox language
| name = Ati
| altname =
| nativename = {{lang|atk|Inati}}
| states = Philippines
| region = Panay
| ethnicity = Ati people
| speakers = 1,500
| date = 1980
| ref = e18
| familycolor = Austronesian
| fam2 = Malayo-Polynesian
| fam3 = Philippine
| iso3 = atk
| glotto = atii1237
| glottorefname = Ati
}}
Ati (Inati), or Binisaya nga Inati, is an Austronesian language of the island of Panay in the Philippines. The variety spoken in northern Panay is also called Sogodnin.{{harvp|Pennoyer|1987}} The Ati people also speak Kinaray-a and Hiligaynon.
Classification
{{harvcoltxt|Pennoyer|1987}} and {{harvcoltxt|Reid|2013}} consider Inati to be an isolate within the Philippine languages. It differs markedly from the Visayan languages and has many features not found in the Central Philippine languages.
Inati shows some unique sound changes.{{harvp|Reid|2013}}
- Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *R > Inati {{IPA|/d/}}, such as PMP *{{Lang|mis|liʔəR}} > Inati {{IPA|/liʔad/|lang=atk}}
- Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ə > Inati {{IPA|/a/}} (as in the Central Luzon languages), not PMP *ə > {{IPA|/u/}} or {{IPA|/ə/}}, as in the Visayan languages
Distribution and dialects
{{harvcoltxt|Lobel|2013|page=75}} lists the following Ati communities in the Philippines, with populations given in parentheses:
- Iloilo (1,902): Anilao (341), Barotac Viejo (867), Cabatuan (31), Calinog (163), Dueñas (43), Dumangas (50), Janiuay (22), New Lucena (59), Passi (103), San Miguel (17), San Rafael (110), Santa Barbara (12), Tigbauan (69), San Joaquin (15)
- Antique (4,680): Anini-y (156), Hamtic (3,081), Tobias Fornier (1,383), San Jose (60)
- Capiz (308): Dumarao (308)
- Aklan (740+): Buruanga (?), Malay (740)
- Guimaras (789): Buenavista (189), Jordan (237), Sibunag (178), Nueva Valencia (185)
- Negros Occidental (309): Isabela (309)
- Romblon: Odiongan and Calatrava on Tablas Island, and San Jose on Carabao Island (unknown population size)
{{harvcoltxt|Baruah|2000}} lists the following locations:
- Antique: Culuasi, Hamtic, San Jose, Sibalom, Tobias
- Tina, Hamtic, Antique (512 people)
- Capiz: Dumarao
- Iloilo: Janiuay, Anilao, Cabatuan, Duenas, Dumangas, Mina, New Lucena, Passi, San Miguel, San Joaquin, San Rafael, Santa Barbara, Tigbauan
- Nagpana, Barotac Viejo, Iloilo (500 people)
- Aklan
- Barangay Sabang, Buruanga, Aklan (4 households, 15 people)
- Barangay Jesuna, Nabas, Aklan (3 households, 20 people)
- In Malay, Aklan: Barangays Argao, Cubay Norte, Cubay Sur, Cogon, Boracay (total: 63 households, 321 people)
{{harvcoltxt|Pennoyer|1987}} reports that Sogodnin is spoken by a few remaining speakers in Cogon, Malay (whose ancestors had moved from interior Sabang to Bakirohan to Cogon), and on Carabao and Boracay islands.
Ethnologue reports two dialects for Ati:Ati at Ethnologue.
Malay (not to be confused with Malay, Malaysia.) and Barotac Viejo Nagpana. Ethnologue states that Barotac Viejo Nagpana is the prestige dialect.
Phonology
| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
! |
| Plosive
|{{IPA link|p}} {{IPA link|b}} |{{IPA link|t}} {{IPA link|d}} |({{IPA link|tʃ}}) ({{IPA link|dʒ}}) |{{IPA link|k}} {{IPA link|g}} |{{IPA link|ʔ}} |
|---|
| Fricative
| |{{IPA link|s}} |({{IPA link|ʃ}}) | |({{IPA link|h}}) |
| Nasal
|{{IPA link|m}} |{{IPA link|n}} | |{{IPA link|ŋ}} | |
| Approximant
|{{IPA link|w}} |{{IPA link|l}}, ({{IPA link|r}}) |{{IPA link|j}} | | |
- The consonants in parentheses are not phonemic.
| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
! !Back |
| High
|{{IPA link|i}} |{{IPA link|ɨ}} | |
|---|
| Mid
|{{IPA link|e}} | |{{IPA link|o}} |
| Low
| |{{IPA link|a}} | |
References
{{Reflist}}
Works cited
{{refbegin}}
- {{Cite journal |last=Baruah |first=Karabi |date=2000 |title=A Forgotten People: The Ati Community of Aklan |journal=Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=301–316 |jstor=29792465}}
- {{Cite thesis |last=Lobel |first=Jason William |title=Philippine and North Bornean Languages: Issues in Description, Subgrouping, and Reconstruction |date=2013 |degree=Ph.D. |publisher=University of Hawai'i at Manoa |url=http://www.ling.hawaii.edu/graduate/Dissertations/JasonLobelFinal.pdf |hdl=10125/101972 |hdl-access=free}}
- {{Cite journal |last=Reid |first=Lawrence |date=2013 |title=Who Are the Philippine Negritos? Evidence from Language |url=https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/humbiol/vol85/iss1/15 |journal=Human Biology |volume=85 |issue=1 |doi=10.3378/027.085.0316 |pmid=24297232 |s2cid=8341240 |at=Article 15|url-access=subscription }}
- {{Cite journal |last=Pennoyer |first=Douglas F. |date=1987 |title=Inati: the Hidden Negrito Language of Panay, Philippines |url=https://pssc.org.ph/wp-content/pssc-archives/Philippine%20Journal%20of%20Linguistics/1986-1987/03_Inati_%20The%20Hidden%20Negrito%20Language%20of%20Panay,%20Philippines.pdf |journal=Philippine Journal of Linguistics |volume=18/19 |pages=1–36}}
{{refend}}
External links
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20131111224732/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/inquirerheadlines/regions/view/20080719-149380/Schools-keep-indigenous-culture-alive Schools keep indigenous culture alive]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20131012180508/http://ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/articles-on-c-n-a/article.php?igm=4&i=257 The Ati of Negros and Panay]
- [http://www.sunstar.com.ph/bacolod/lifestyle/2012/05/01/negritos-and-negros-219129 Negritos and Negros] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304072745/http://www.sunstar.com.ph/bacolod/lifestyle/2012/05/01/negritos-and-negros-219129 |date=2016-03-04 }}
- [http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/313920/lifestyle/culture/beyond-the-beach-the-untold-story-of-boracay-s-ati-tribe Beyond the beach: The untold story of Boracay’s Ati tribe]
;Additional resources
- [https://abvd.shh.mpg.de/austronesian/language.php?id=1554 Inati (Jordan, Guimaras)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220304071825/https://abvd.shh.mpg.de/austronesian/language.php?id=1554 |date=2022-03-04 }} word list (Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database)
- [https://abvd.shh.mpg.de/austronesian/language.php?id=1553 Inati (Hamtic)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220304071820/https://abvd.shh.mpg.de/austronesian/language.php?id=1553 |date=2022-03-04 }} word list (Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database)
- [https://abvd.shh.mpg.de/austronesian/language.php?id=1260 Inati (Nagpana)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220304071822/https://abvd.shh.mpg.de/austronesian/language.php?id=1260 |date=2022-03-04 }} word list (Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database)
- [https://abvd.shh.mpg.de/austronesian/language.php?id=1276 Sogodnin (Boracay)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220304071820/https://abvd.shh.mpg.de/austronesian/language.php?id=1276 |date=2022-03-04 }} word list (Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database)
- [https://abvd.shh.mpg.de/austronesian/language.php?id=1277 Sogodnin (Iloilo)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220304071822/https://abvd.shh.mpg.de/austronesian/language.php?id=1277 |date=2022-03-04 }} word list (Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database)
{{ph-negrito-lang}}
{{Visayan languages}}
{{Philippine languages}}
{{Languages of the Philippines}}
{{Authority control}}
Category:Endangered Austronesian languages
Category:Languages of Antique (province)