Atlantic Wind Connection

The Atlantic Wind Connection would begin with a first phase that would connect population and power transmission hubs in southern New Jersey and Rehoboth Beach, Delaware, the site of a proposed offshore wind project with a Power Purchase Agreement.[https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/06/23/AR2008062302217.html Agreement reached on Delaware Wind Farm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313210310/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/06/23/AR2008062302217.html |date=2023-03-13 }} The Washington Post, June 24, 2008. Accessed October 16, 2010. Power would be carried with a cable placed in trenches on the seabed {{convert|20|mi|-1}} offshore. With an estimated cost of $1.7 billion, {{convert|170|mi|adj=on}} phase one would begin construction in 2015.{{cite news |url= http://www.energybiz.com/magazine/article/288467/atlantic-cable-project-delays |title= Atlantic Cable Project Delays |first= Tom |last= Armistead |date= Nov–Dec 2012 |work= EnergyBiz Magazine |access-date= December 5, 2012 |archive-date= November 13, 2012 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121113030630/http://www.energybiz.com/magazine/article/288467/atlantic-cable-project-delays |url-status= live }} The remaining southern connection to Norfolk, Virginia and an extension to Gateway Region of northern New Jersey and New York City would bring total construction costs to $5 billion and could be completed by 2021. The lead partners Google and Good Energies would each own 37.5% of the project, while Marubeni would have a 15% share.

The project was proposed to deliver power ashore in southern Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, southern New Jersey and northern New Jersey using {{convert|350|mi}} of cable as a backbone that could be used by wind power systems built miles off of the Atlantic Ocean coast. Initially the system could be used to transport electricity from southern Virginia, where it is cheap, to the New York City area, where it is comparatively expensive.{{cite news |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/12/science/earth/12wind.html |title= Offshore Wind Power Line Wins Praise, and Backing |first= Matthew L. |last= Wald |newspaper= The New York Times |date= October 12, 2010 |access-date= December 5, 2012 |archive-date= March 25, 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170325213654/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/12/science/earth/12wind.html |url-status= live }}

The system would be able to transmit 6,000 megawatts of power and would allow existing energy supplies in Virginia to be transmitted north, bypassing the congested energy grid that exists in the Northeast, in an area that has been identified as one of the most congested portions of the National Interest Electric Transmission Corridor. The system's energy transmission capacity would be a "superhighway for clean energy" to serve approximately 1.9 million households, equal to 60% of the wind energy generation capacity that existed in the United States as of 2009.Needham, Rick. [http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2010/10/wind-cries-transmission.html "The wind cries transmission"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110128122720/http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2010/10/wind-cries-transmission.html |date=2011-01-28 }}, Google, October 11, 2010. Accessed October 12, 2010.Wilgoren, Debbi. [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/10/12/AR2010101202271.html "Google helps finance 'superhighway' for wind power"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170919073304/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/10/12/AR2010101202271.html |date=2017-09-19 }}, The Washington Post, October 12, 2010. Once the backbone is constructed, wind farms constructed well off the coast and almost invisible from the shore could be constructed and tap into the backbone. By constructing the cable beyond the {{convert|3|mi|adj=on}} limit where states wield authority, the system would be under the federal jurisdiction of the United States Department of the Interior.

As of January, 2013 a proposal to seek approval for construction of the initial leg off New Jersey was announced. Construction of this phase responds to a need to equalize power costs between southern and northern New Jersey, provide statutorily required renewable energy, and, by limiting the project to one state, simplify regulatory and permitting issues. Construction of the 189 mile project, which would stretch from the vicinity of Jersey City to near Atlantic City, would begin in 2015 if regulatory approval was obtained. On January 17, 2013 Atlantic Wind Connection announced it had selected Bechtel as the EPC contractor and Alstom as technical advisor for the first phase of the development.{{cite news|title=Offshore Wind Transmission Project Selects Bechtel, Alstom to Build Historic Project|url=http://www.atlanticwindconnection.com/ferc/Jan2013/AWC-OffshoreWindTransmission.pdf|access-date=January 24, 2013|publisher=Atlantic Wind Connection|date=January 17, 2013|author=Frank Maisano|archive-date=February 3, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130203114500/http://www.atlanticwindconnection.com/ferc/Jan2013/AWC-OffshoreWindTransmission.pdf|url-status=usurped}} Studies completed in 2012{{cite news | last = Laday | first = Jason | title = Paulsboro port site vetted by wind energy firm | newspaper = South Jersey Times | date = December 11, 2012 | url = http://www.nj.com/gloucester-county/index.ssf/2012/12/paulsboro_port_site_vetted_by.html | access-date = 2013-07-17 | archive-date = 2013-10-03 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131003081839/http://www.nj.com/gloucester-county/index.ssf/2012/12/paulsboro_port_site_vetted_by.html | url-status = live }}{{cite news | title = AWC Study Confirms Feasibility Of Paulsboro Marine Terminal Site | publisher = North American Wind Power | date = April 25, 2013 | url = http://www.nawindpower.com/e107_plugins/content/content.php?content.11417 | access-date = 2013-07-17 | archive-date = 2013-11-04 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131104035233/http://www.nawindpower.com/e107_plugins/content/content.php?content.11417 | url-status = live }} concluded that a new marine terminal at the Port of Paulsboro is well suited to become a center for the manufacture, assembly, and transport of wind turbines to be used to further the development of wind power in New Jersey.{{cite web

| title = AWC to Build Manufacturing Facility in Paulsboro, USA

| publisher = Off shore Wind Biz

| date = Dec 6, 2012

| url = http://www.offshorewind.biz/2012/12/06/awc-to-build-manufacturing-facility-in-paulsboro-usa/

| access-date = 2013-07-27

| archive-date = 2013-10-03

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131003143634/http://www.offshorewind.biz/2012/12/06/awc-to-build-manufacturing-facility-in-paulsboro-usa/

| url-status = live

}}{{cite news | last = Merritt | first = Athena D. | title = $250M port will be built in Paulsboro | newspaper = Philadelphia Business Journal | date = January 19, 2009 | url = http://www.bizjournals.com/philadelphia/stories/2009/01/19/story3.html?page=all | access-date = 2013-07-08 | archive-date = 2013-11-11 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131111020340/http://www.bizjournals.com/philadelphia/stories/2009/01/19/story3.html?page=all | url-status = live }}{{cite news | last = Forand | first = Rebecca | title = Port of Paulsboro could be construction site for off-shore wind structures | newspaper = South Jersey Times | date = April 23, 2013 | url = http://www.nj.com/gloucester-county/index.ssf/2013/04/port_of_paulsboro_could_be_con.html | access-date = 2013-07-08 | archive-date = 2013-05-11 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130511134745/http://www.nj.com/gloucester-county/index.ssf/2013/04/port_of_paulsboro_could_be_con.html | url-status = live }}{{cite news | last = Belier | first = Carolyn | title = Companies Betting Big on New Jersey's Offshore Wind | publisher = WCAU | date = April 24, 2013 | url = http://www.nbcphiladelphia.com/news/local/Companies-Betting-Big-on-New-Jerseys-Offshore-Wind-204522031.html | access-date = 2013-07-08 | archive-date = 2013-05-12 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130512161909/http://www.nbcphiladelphia.com/news/local/Companies-Betting-Big-on-New-Jerseys-Offshore-Wind-204522031.html | url-status = live }}{{cite web | last = Paciolla | first = Christina | title = The Port of Paulsboro | work = South Jersey Biz | date = February 2012 | url = http://www.southjerseybiz.net/articles/?articleid=475 | access-date = 2013-07-08 | archive-date = 2013-11-06 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131106050203/http://www.southjerseybiz.net/articles/?articleid=475 | url-status = live }}{{cite news | last = Loyd | first = Linda | title = Construction under way at new Paulsboro port | newspaper = Philadelphia Inquirer | date = April 13, 2012 | url = http://articles.philly.com/2012-04-13/business/31337924_1_offshore-wind-wind-farms-marine-terminal | access-date = 2013-07-08 | archive-date = 2016-03-04 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304064617/http://articles.philly.com/2012-04-13/business/31337924_1_offshore-wind-wind-farms-marine-terminal | url-status = dead }}

{{update after|2016}}

The proposed system has been praised by environmentalists and federal regulators, with Jon Wellinghoff, chairman of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) calling it "one of the most interesting transmission projects that I've ever seen walk through the door", saying that the system "provides a gathering point for offshore wind for multiple projects up and down the coast." Former FERC chairman James J. Hoecker, who heads a group that represents power transmission system owners called the proposal "a necessary piece of what the Eastern governors have been talking about in terms of taking advantage of offshore wind" and noted that the system would help average out the variable output of wind farms. Google's director of its green business operations group, Richard L. Needham, called the project "an opportunity to kick-start this industry and, long term, provide a way for the mid-Atlantic states to meet their renewable energy goals." Melinda Pierce of the Sierra Club said that she had opposed other power line projects but would support the Atlantic Wind Connection, as "These kinds of audacious ideas might just be what we need to break through the wretched logjam".

The concept of an offshore transmission backbone coordinated with several projects was an item in a speech by Secretary of the Interior Ken Salazar a week before AWC was announced,Salazar, Ken. [http://www.doi.gov/news/pressreleases/Secretary-Salazar-Promotes-Clean-Energy-Signs-Cape-Wind-Lease-at-AWEA-Conference.cfm "Secretary Salazar Promotes Clean Energy, Signs Cape Wind Lease at AWEA Conference"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101013010456/http://www.doi.gov/news/pressreleases/Secretary-Salazar-Promotes-Clean-Energy-Signs-Cape-Wind-Lease-at-AWEA-Conference.cfm |date=2010-10-13 }}, United States Department of the Interior, October 6, 2010. Accessed October 16, 2010. and the concept is also a part of the national strategy on offshore wind power.[http://www1.eere.energy.gov/wind/pdfs/national_offshore_wind_strategy.pdf A national offshore wind strategy: Creating an offshore wind energy industry in the United States] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130313142100/http://www1.eere.energy.gov/wind/pdfs/national_offshore_wind_strategy.pdf |date=2013-03-13 }} page 33 U.S. Department of Energy, 7 February 2011. Accessed: 8 February 2011.

However, as the first such project of this nature, it poses significant risks of encountering unexpected technological challenges, bureaucratic backlogs and cost overruns. Virginia politicians have opposed previous proposals that would send low-cost energy out of the state. PJM Interconnection, the regional transmission organization that covers the area and is the world's largest competitive wholesale electricity market, would need to develop a formula to assess its customers for the costs associated with hooking up the new cables, increasing grid capacity and making the system more reliable.

The project would take advantage of the fact that the continental shelf slopes rather gradually in the Atlantic Ocean and that it would not be exposed to the freezing temperatures characteristic of the Great Lakes. The Mid-Atlantic Bight offers the potential of 60,000 megawatts of wind power generating capacity in an area that has relatively little renewable energy potential from other sources.

The resource area, the Mid-Atlantic Bight, was identified and mapped in 2006Kempton et al. [http://www.precaution.org/lib/east_coast_wind_resources.070124.pdf Large CO2 reductions via offshore wind power matched to inherent storage in energy end-uses] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120812211143/http://www.precaution.org/lib/east_coast_wind_resources.070124.pdf |date=2012-08-12 }}, University of Delaware, November 4, 2006. Accessed October 16, 2010. by Willett M. Kempton of the University of Delaware, and again in 2008 in the Journal of Marine Research.{{cite journal

|last1=Garvine

|first1=Richard

|last2=Kempton

|first2=Willett

|title=Assessing the wind field over the continental shelf as a resource for electric power

|journal=Journal of Marine Research

|year=2008

|volume=66

|issue=6

|pages=751–773

|issn=0022-2402

|url=http://www.ceoe.udel.edu/windpower/docs/GarvineKemp-AssessingWind09.pdf

|access-date=2009-11-30

|doi=10.1357/002224008788064540

|doi-broken-date=8 January 2025

|url-status=dead

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720083622/http://www.ceoe.udel.edu/windpower/docs/GarvineKemp-AssessingWind09.pdf

|archive-date=2011-07-20

}} Twenty-one years of hourly data from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration buoy anemometers show an extrapolated mean wind speed of 8.3 m/s at 80 m height,{{rp|p.2}} giving a capacity factor of 39% for oceanic turbines (36% for coastal). A single offshore site had zero wind 15% of the time. Considering three connected offshore sites in a larger area between North Carolina (34° N) and Massachusetts (43° N), zero power occurred 2% of the time. For six connected offshore sites, zero power occurred 0.3% of the time. Baseload fossil fuel generating plants are typically unavailable 6% of the time. The principal difference is that wind power is a non-dispatchable resource, not that it is "unreliable".

• Ocean Wind

{{reflist}}

{{ external media

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| image1 = [https://web.archive.org/web/20100821101558/http://www.nietc.anl.gov:80/documents/docs/NIETC_MidAtlantic_Area_Corridor_Map.pdf Land congestion map] }}

• {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20101015062638/http://atlanticwindconnection.com/ Official website]}}

{{Wind power in the United States}}

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