Atman Foundation
{{Short description|New religious movement}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2024}}
{{Infobox religion
| native_name = Trainingszentrum zur Freisetzung der Atmaenergie
| native_name_lang = de
| type = New religious movement
| main_classification = Hindu
| leader_title = Founder
| leader_name = Heide Fittkau-Garthe
| founded_date = {{start date|1994}}
| separated_from = Brahma Kumaris
| other_names = Isis Holistic Center
}}
The Atman Foundation ({{Langx|de|Trainingszentrum zur Freisetzung der Atmaenergie}}), also called the Isis Holistic Center, was a new religious movement founded by German psychologist Heide Fittkau-Garthe. A schism from the Brahma Kumaris, it was active mainly on the island of Tenerife in the Canary Islands (Spain), and in Germany. It is best known for a media scare in which an alleged attempt to commit ritual suicide took place in Teide National Park in Tenerife in 1998. However, later commentators disputed this, claiming there was no intention to commit suicide by the group.
History
Heide Garthe was born in Berlin, Germany in 1941. Following her graduation from high school, she trained as a psychologist, receiving her doctorate at age 26.{{sfn|Schmid|Eggenberger|2003|p=269}} She married Bernd Fittkau, a psychology professor.{{sfn|Schmid|Eggenberger|2003|p=269}} She joined the Brahma Kumaris, a Hindu-based spiritual movement, in 1980, and would later become a high-ranking official of the group in Germany; after which she would divorce Fittkau.{{sfn|Palmer|2011|p=54}}{{sfn|Schmid|Eggenberger|2003|p=269}} On 15 August 1994, she sold all her assets and moved to the island of Tenerife in the Canary Islands. She founded the Atman Foundation ({{Langx|de|Trainingszentrum zur Freisetzung der Atmaenergie}}),{{sfn|Schmid|Eggenberger|2003|pp=269–271}} active mainly on Tenerife and in Germany.{{sfn|Richardson|Introvigne|2004|p=157}} The group was a schism from the Brahma Kumaris.{{sfn|Palmer|2011|p=54}}
According to Angela Gabriela, a former member of the sect, the highlight of the ritual was the "love ring." This practice consisted of huge orgies, even between members of the same family.{{Cite news |last=Herrero |first=A. |date=2009-11-12 |title=Heide Fittkau y el "anillo del amor" |trans-title=Heide Fittkau and the "ring of love" |url=http://www.laopinion.es/afondo/2009/11/12/heide-fittkau-anillo-amor/254082.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613143130/http://www.laopinion.es/afondo/2009/11/12/heide-fittkau-anillo-amor/254082.html |archive-date=2011-06-13 |access-date=2013-10-31 |work=La Opinión de Tenerife |language=es-IC}}
Alleged mass suicide plan
On January 8, 1998, Fittkau-Garthe was alleged to have attempted suicide with her followers in Teide National Park, resulting in a police raid on the premises that the sect had in Santa Cruz de Tenerife.{{Cite news |date=1998-01-09 |title=La policía frustra el suicidio colectivo de los 33 miembros de una secta en Tenerife |trans-title=Police foil mass suicide of 33 cult members in Tenerife |url=http://hemeroteca.lavanguardia.es/preview/1998/01/09/pagina-21/33817323/pdf.html |access-date=2013-10-31 |work=La Vanguardia |page=21 |language=es-ES |issue=41719}}{{Cite news |title=Beam them up, Heidi - Remembering the Las Cañadas suicide sect scare |url=http://www.tenerifenews.com/cms/front_content.php?client=1&lang=1&idcat=70&idart=5389 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928021134/http://www.tenerifenews.com/cms/front_content.php?client=1&lang=1&idcat=70&idart=5389 |archive-date=2007-09-28 |access-date=2007-10-13 |work=Tenerife News |language=en}} Apparently, the 32 members of the sect believed that they would be collected by a spacecraft and taken to an unspecified destination. Failing that, they were believed to be going to commit suicide.{{Cite magazine |last=Usher |first=Rod |date=1998-01-19 |title=Near-Death Experience |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/1998/int/980119/europe.neardeath_experie15.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110522162815/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/1998/int/980119/europe.neardeath_experie15.html |archive-date=2011-05-22 |access-date=2016-03-19 |magazine=TIME |volume=151 |issue=3}} Following this, Fittkau-Garthe and other members were arrested.{{sfn|Palmer|2011|p=54}} The group was thought to be planning to drink fruit juice laced with poison, which was confiscated during the raid. On analysis, the fruit juice was found not to contain any poison and were actually flower essences and homeopathic medicine.{{sfn|Palmer|2011|p=54}} What was deemed a last supper turned out to be a picnic and meditation session.{{sfn|Palmer|2011|p=54}}
Media reports and police following the arrest said that they were an offshoot of the Order of the Solar Temple (a group that had repeatedly died by acts of mass murder and suicide through the 1990s).{{sfn|Palmer|2011|p=54}}{{Cite news |last1=Ordaz |first1=Pablo |date=1998-01-18 |title=La líder de la secta de Tenerife recaudó 300 millones entre sus fieles |trans-title=Tenerife cult leader raised 300 million from her followers |url=http://www.elpais.com/articulo/sociedad/SANTA_CRUZ_DE_TENERIFE/lider/secta/Tenerife/recaudo/300/millones/fieles/elpepisoc/19980118elpepisoc_5/Tes |url-access=registration |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150207100513/https://elpais.com/diario/1998/01/18/sociedad/885078005_850215.html |archive-date=2015-02-07 |access-date=2013-10-31 |newspaper=El País |language=es-ES}}{{Cite news |last=Alves |first=Jose |date=1998-01-09 |title=Une secte issue de l'Ordre du Temple solaire suicide collectif evite aux Canaries |trans-title=Order of the Solar Temple cult mass suicide avoided in the Canaries |url=https://www.lesoir.be/art/Fune-secte-issue-de-l-ordre-du-temple-solaire-suicide-co_t-19980109-Z0EPMF.html |url-access=subscription |access-date=2023-08-17 |work=Le Soir |language=fr-BE}} The media across the world ran several headlines repeating this information, focusing on the Solar Temple and the mass suicide.{{sfn|Palmer|2011|p=54}} It was later clarified that the group had nothing to do with the Solar Temple, though a family of ex-members said the group was "just as bad".{{sfn|Richardson|Introvigne|2004|p=157}}
Aftermath
In Germany police investigations of the group failed to turn up evidence that the group had planned a mass suicide, although the accusation still remained in Spain as of 2004 with no trial scheduled.{{Cite news |last=Lutzardo |first=Maile |date=2004-04-21 |title=Suicidio colectivo con zumo de frutas |trans-title=Mass suicide with fruit juice |url=http://archivo.diariodeavisos.com/epoca1/2004/04/21/hoy/noticias/tenerife/P40252A.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303201816/http://archivo.diariodeavisos.com/epoca1/2004/04/21/hoy/noticias/tenerife/P40252A.html |archive-date=2016-03-03 |access-date=2014-10-20 |work=Diario de Avisos |language=es-IC}}{{Cite news |date=1998-01-14 |title=Judge frees spaceship cult |url=http://www.irishtimes.com/news/judge-frees-spaceship-cult-1.124111 |access-date=2015-06-23 |newspaper=The Irish Times |language=en-IE}}{{sfn|Richardson|Introvigne|2004|p=157}} In Spain all charges were eventually dropped against members of the group due to lack of evidence. The acquittal of Fittkau-Garthe in Spain received almost no attention in the news.{{sfn|Palmer|2011|p=54}}
Later articles in Tenerife News and Diario de Avisos disputed the earlier story, saying there was no intention to commit suicide by the group. When interviewed by a local daily newspaper, Fittkau-Garthe claimed that the group was not a cult, and that a daughter of a member of the group had contacted Interpol and accused them of plotting a mass suicide after a family row. The rumor that it was mass suicide possibly stemmed from Fittkau-Garthe's estranged brother.{{sfn|Palmer|2011|p=54}}
Susan J. Palmer viewed the group as an example of rumors leading to a miscarriage of justice around cults,{{sfn|Palmer|2011|p=54}} while German researchers George Schmid and Oswald Eggenberger viewed of the concerns of the police as understandable, arguing the group had many similarities to those that had committed mass suicide in the past. They particularly noted the small size of the community as a cause for concern, arguing that those are susceptible to radicalizing in that sense more so than larger groups.{{sfn|Schmid|Eggenberger|2003|p=271}}
References
{{reflist}}
= Works cited =
- {{Cite book |last=Palmer |first=Susan J. |author-link=Susan J. Palmer |title=The New Heretics of France: Minority Religions, la République, and the Government-Sponsored "War on Sects" |title-link=The New Heretics of France |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-19-973521-1 |language=en |chapter=The Holy City of Mandarom: A Case of Médiabolization}}
- {{Cite book |last1=Richardson |first1=James T. |author-link1=James T. Richardson |title=Regulating Religion: Case Studies from Around the Globe |last2=Introvigne |first2=Massimo |author-link2=Massimo Introvigne |publisher=Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-306-47887-1 |editor-last=Richardson |editor-first=James T. |series=Critical Issues in Social Justice |location=New York |language=en |chapter=Brainwashing Theories in European Parliamentary and Administrative Reports on Cults and Sects}}
- {{Cite book |last1=Schmid |first1=Georg |title=Kirchen, Sekten, Religionen: religiöse Gemeinschaften, weltanschauliche Gruppierungen und Psycho-Organisationen im deutschen Sprachraum: ein Handbuch |last2=Eggenberger |first2=Oswald |publisher=Theologischer Verlag Zürich |year=2003 |isbn=3-290-17215-5 |language=de |chapter=Theosophie und Esoterik}}
Category:Hindu new religious movements
Category:Organisations based in the Canary Islands