Atmospheric correction

{{Short description|Photographic image processing tecnhique}}

{{context|date=September 2021}}

Atmospheric correction is the process of removing the scattering and absorption effects of the atmosphere on the reflectance values of images taken by satellite or airborne sensors.{{Cite journal|last1=Pacifici|first1=F.|last2=Longbotham|first2=N.|last3=Emery|first3=W. J.|date=2014-10-01|title=The Importance of Physical Quantities for the Analysis of Multitemporal and Multiangular Optical Very High Spatial Resolution Images|journal=IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing|volume=52|issue=10|pages=6241–6256|doi=10.1109/TGRS.2013.2295819|bibcode=2014ITGRS..52.6241P|doi-access=free}}{{cite web |url=http://www.umiacs.umd.edu/research/GC/atmo/index.html |title=Atmospheric Correction |access-date=2008-08-18 |publisher=University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080907082923/http://www.umiacs.umd.edu/research/GC/atmo/index.html| archive-date= 7 September 2008 | url-status= live}} Atmospheric effects in optical remote sensing are significant and complex, dramatically altering the spectral nature of the radiation reaching the remote sensor.{{cite book |last=Schowengerdt |first=Robert |date=2007 |title=Remote Sensing: Models and Methods for Image Processing |publisher=Elsevier Inc |page=337 |isbn=978-0-12-369407-2}} The atmosphere both absorbs and scatters various wavelengths of the visible spectrum which must pass through the atmosphere twice, once from the sun to the object and then again as it travels back up the image sensor. These distortions are corrected using various approaches and techniques, as described below.{{cite book |last=Schowengerdt |first=Robert |date=2007 |title=Remote Sensing: Models and Methods for Image Processing |publisher=Elsevier Inc |page=338 |isbn=978-0-12-369407-2}}

Examples of Atmospheric Correction Methods

class="wikitable"

|+ Examples of atmospheric correction techniques for multispectral remote-sensing images, ordered chronologically to show the historical development of atmospheric correction methods in remote-sensing.

! scope="col" | Sensor

! scope="col" | Approach

MSSband-to-band regression {{cite conference |last1=Potter |first1=J. F. |last2=Mendolowitz |first2=M. |date=1975 |title=On the determination of the haze levels from Landsat data |publisher=NASA United States |id=19760052102 |conference=10th International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment |pages=695–703}}
MSSall-band spectral covariance {{cite journal |last1=Switzer |first1=P. |last2=Kowalik |first2=W. S. |last3=Lyon |first3=R. J. |date=1981 |title=Estimation of atmospheric path radiance by the covariance matrix method |journal=Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing |volume=47 |pages=1469–1476}}
airborne MSSband-to-band regression {{cite journal |last=Potter |first=J. F. |date=1984 |title=The channel correlation method for estimating aerosol levels from multispectral scanner data |journal=Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing |volume=50 |pages=43–52 }}
AVHRRiterative estimation {{cite journal |last1=Singh |first1=S. M. |last2=Cracknell |first2=A. P. |date=1986 |title=The estimation of atmospheric effects for SPOT using AVHRR channel-1 data |journal=International Journal of Remote Sensing |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=361–377 |doi=10.1080/01431168608954692 |bibcode=1986IJRS....7..361S }}
MSS, TMDOS with exponential scattering model {{cite journal |last=Chavez |first=P. S. |date=1988 |title=An improved dark-object subtraction technique for atmospheric scattering correction of multispectral data |journal=Remote Sensing of Environment |volume=24 |issue=3 |pages=459–479 |doi=10.1016/0034-4257(88)90019-3 |bibcode=1988RSEnv..24..459C }}
TMDOS with exponential scattering model, downwelling atmospheric radiance measurements {{cite journal |last=Chavez |first=P. S. |date=1989 |title=Radiometric calibration of Landsat Thematic Mapper multispectral images |journal=Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing |volume=55 |issue=9 |pages=1285–1294 }}
TMpixel-by-pixel tasseled cap haze parameter {{cite journal |last=Lavreau |first=J. |date=1991 |title=De-hazing Landsat Thematic Mapper images |journal=Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing |volume=57 |issue=10 |pages=1297–1302 }}
AVHRRDOS, NDVI, AVHRR band 3 {{cite journal |last1=Holben |first1=B. |last2=Vermote |first2=E. |last3=Kaufman |first3=Y. J. |last4=Tanre |first4=D. |last5=Kalb |first5=V. |date=1992 |title=Aerosol retrieval over land from AVHRR data - application for atmospheric correction |journal=IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing |volume=30 |issue=2 |pages=212–222 |doi=10.1109/36.134072 |bibcode=1992ITGRS..30..212H }}
airborne TMS, Landsat TMground and airborne solar measurements, atmospheric modeling code {{cite journal |last1=Wrigley |first1=R. C. |last2=Spanner |first2=M. A. |last3=Slye |first3=R. E. |last4=Pueschel |first4=R. F. |last5=Aggarwal |first5=H. R. |date=1992 |title=Atmospheric correction of remotely sensed image data by a simplified model |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research |volume=97 |issue=D17 |pages=18797–18814 |doi=10.1029/92JD01347 |bibcode=1992JGR....9718797W }}
TMcomparison of ten DOS and atmospheric modeling code variations with field data {{cite journal |last1=Moran |first1=M. S. |last2=Jackson |first2=R. D. |last3=Slater |first3=P. N. |last4=Teillet |first4=P. M. |date=1992 |title=Evaluation of simplified procedures for retrieval of land surface reflectance factors from satellite sensor output |journal=Remote Sensing of Environment |volume=41 |issue=2–3 |pages=169–184 |doi=10.1016/0034-4257(92)90076-V |bibcode=1992RSEnv..41..169M }}
TMdark target, modeling code {{cite journal |last1=Teillet |first1=P. M. |last2=Fedosejevs |first2=G. |date=1995 |title=On the dark target approach to atmospheric correction of remotely sensed data |journal=Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing |volume=21 |issue=4 |pages=374–387 |doi=10.1080/07038992.1995.10855161 |bibcode=1995CaJRS..21..374T }}
TM (all bands)atmospheric modeling code, region histogram matching {{cite journal |last=Richter |first=R. |date=1996 |title=A spatially adaptive fast atmospheric correction algorithm |journal=International Journal of Remote Sensing |volume=17 |issue=6 |pages=1201–1214 |doi=10.1080/01431169608949077 |bibcode=1996IJRS...17.1201R }}
TMDOS with estimated atmospheric transmittance {{cite journal |last=Chavez |first=P. S. Jr. |date=1996 |title=Image-based atmospheric corrections-revisited and improved |journal=Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing |volume=62 |issue=9 |pages=1025–1036 }}
TMdark target, atmospheric modeling code
TM, ETM+empirical line method, single target, ground measurements
TMwater reservoirs, comparison of 7 methods for 12 dates
AVHRR2-band PCT used to separate aerosol components

See also

References

{{reflist}}