Attalus III
{{Short description|Last king of Pergamon from 138 to 133 BC}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Attalus III Philometor Euergetes
| succession = King of Pergamon
| image = Attalid portrait at the Antikensammlung Berlin.jpg
| image_size = 200px
| caption = Attalus III (or II), 150/152 BC from Antikensammlung in Berlin.
| reign = 138–133 BC
| native_lang1 = Greek
| native_lang1_name1 = {{lang|grc|Άτταλος Γ΄ Φιλομήτωρ Ευεργέτης}}
| birth_date = c. 170 BC
| birth_place =
| death_date = 133 BC
| death_place =
| predecessor = Attalus II
| successor = Eumenes III
| queen =
| royal house = Attalid dynasty
| father = Eumenes II
| mother = Stratonice of Cappadocia
| issue =
| religion = Greek Polytheism
}}
Attalus III ({{langx|el|Ἄτταλος Γ΄}}) Philometor Euergetes ({{circa|170 BC}} – 133 BC) was the last Attalid king of Pergamon, ruling from 138 BC to 133 BC.
Biography
Attalus III was the son of king Eumenes II and his queen Stratonice of Pergamon, and he was the nephew of Attalus II, whom he succeeded. "Philometor Euergetes" means "Loving-his-Mother, Benefactor" in Greek; he was so-called because of his close relationship with his mother Stratonice. He is the likely addressee of a fragmentary hymn by the poet Nicander which celebrates his heritage.{{Cite journal|last=Nelson|first=Thomas J.|title=Nicander's Hymn to Attalus: Pergamene Panegyric|date=December 2020|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/cambridge-classical-journal/article/nicanders-hymn-to-attalus-pergamene-panegyric/7CEF27AAE606FBE5A3814275866A88D5|journal=The Cambridge Classical Journal|language=en|volume=66|pages=182–202|doi=10.1017/S1750270519000083|s2cid=211927577|issn=1750-2705}}
According to Livy, Attalus III had little interest in ruling Pergamon, devoting his time to studying medicine, botany, gardening, and other pursuits. He had no male children or heirs of his own, and in his will he left his kingdom to the Roman Republic,Livy: Periochae 58 believing that if he did not then Rome would take the kingdom anyway and this way would avoid bloodshed.Asimov, I. and F. White, The March of the Millennia (1991), p. 74 Tiberius Gracchus requested that the treasury of Pergamon be opened up to the Roman public, but the Senate refused this.
Not everyone in Pergamon accepted Rome's rule. In 131 BC Aristonicus, who claimed to be Attalus' brother as well as the son of Eumenes II, an earlier king, led a popular uprising with the help of the Roman philosopher Blossius. He ruled as Eumenes III. The revolt was put down in 129 BC, and Pergamon was divided among Rome, Pontus, and Cappadocia.
Notes
{{Reflist}}
References
- Hansen, Esther V. (1971). The Attalids of Pergamon. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press; London: Cornell University Press Ltd. {{ISBN|0-8014-0615-3}}.
- Kosmetatou, Elizabeth (2003) "The Attalids of Pergamon," in Andrew Erskine, ed., A Companion to the Hellenistic World. Oxford: Blackwell: pp. 159–174. {{ISBN|1-4051-3278-7}}. [https://books.google.com/books?id=c1-SvffPjUUC&pg=PA159&dq=kosmetatou&ei=5n0sSPeUPIuOywSjx6XLAw&sig=1cqZNmNUIlpKQecTZeac2XRwn5M text]
- [https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/cambridge-classical-journal/article/nicanders-hymn-to-attalus-pergamene-panegyric/7CEF27AAE606FBE5A3814275866A88D5/share/04fe9dc20269c04097e8e8154d600eee92aa35a1 Nelson, T.J. (2020) ‘Nicander’s Hymn to Attalus: Pergamene Panegyric’, CCJ 66, 182–202].
- Simon Hornblower and Tony Spawforth, Who's Who (Classical World), pg. 61.
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{{succession box | before = Attalus II| title = King of Pergamon|years=138–133 BC | after = Eumenes III}}
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{{Hellenistic rulers}}
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Category:Ancient Greek botanists
Category:Ancient Greek writers
Category:2nd-century BC Greek people
Category:2nd-century BC monarchs in Asia