Audubon Zoo

{{short description|Zoo in New Orleans, Louisiana, United States}}

{{Infobox zoo

|zoo_name=Audubon Zoo

|image=Audubon Zoo, New Orleans, Louisiana -entrance-6June2010.jpg

|image_caption=Main Entrance

|date_opened=1914{{cite web|url=http://www.waza.org/network/index.php?main=zoos&view=namerica&detail=audubon|title=WAZA : World Association of Zoos and Aquariums|last=WAZA|website=www.waza.org}}

|location=New Orleans, Louisiana, United States

|area={{Convert|58|acre|abbr=on}}

|coordinates={{Coord|29.9231|-90.1322|type:landmark_region:US-LA|display=inline,title}}

|num_animals=2,000

|members=AZA, WAZA

|exhibits=African Savanna, Asian Domain, Audubon Aviary, Jaguar Jungle, Louisiana Swamp, Reptile Encounter, Sea Lion Theater, South American Pampas, World of Primates

|website={{URL|http://audubonnatureinstitute.org/zoo}}

}}

Audubon Zoo is an American zoo located in New Orleans, Louisiana. It is part of the Audubon Nature Institute which also manages Audubon Aquarium, Audubon Louisiana Nature Center, Freeport-McMoran Species Survival Center, Audubon Park, and Audubon Coastal Wildlife Network. It covers {{Convert|58|acre}} and is home to over 2,000 animals. It is located in a section of Audubon Park in Uptown New Orleans, on the Mississippi River side of Magazine Street. The zoo and park are named in honor of artist and naturalist John James Audubon who lived in New Orleans starting in 1821.{{cite news|url=http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/a/john_james_audubon/index.html|title=John James Audubon|newspaper=The New York Times |publisher=}}

History

File:Odenheimer Sea Lion Pool, Audubon Park Zoo, New Orleans 1924.jpg

The site of the zoo has housed animal exhibits since the World Cotton Centennial 1884 Exhibition World's Fair, though the current incarnation of the zoo was not built until the early 20th century. In 1916, a flight cage was added,{{cite web|title=NOLA History: Audubon Park|last1=Branley|first1=Edward|date=May 20, 2013|website=GoNOLA |url=http://www.gonola.com/2013/05/20/nola-history-audubon-park.html}} and during the boom of the 1920s, many other additions were made, such as a sea lion pool in 1928.{{cite web|title=Audubon Zoo|website=neworleans.com |url=https://www.neworleans.com/listing/audubon-zoo/3513/}} This pool, along with a few other art nouveau buildings, can still be seen today.

File:Audubon Zoo Monkey Island WPA 1936.jpg

During the Great Depression, a $400,000 expansion of the zoo was conducted by the Works Progress Administration. Many new cages were constructed, along with an artificial hill known as "Monkey Hill", built as an attraction for children in the relatively flat New Orleans area. Locals claim Monkey Hill to be the highest point in New Orleans, although another artificial hill in City Park actually competes for that title.

By the early 1970s, the zoo had fallen into a state of decay.{{cite web|title=A Time of Challenge|website=auduboninstitute.org |url=http://www.auduboninstitute.org/content/time-of-challenge|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131106032606/http://www.auduboninstitute.org/content/time-of-challenge|archive-date=November 6, 2013}} The small prison-like cages made of bricks and steel bars constructed by the WPA were no longer considered appropriate environments for many of the animals displayed within them.{{cite web|website=neworleanspubliclibrary.org|url=http://neworleanspubliclibrary.org/~nopl/gallier/zoo.htm|publisher=New Orleans Public Library|title=Building N.O.: The Audubon Zoo|access-date=2014-09-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140909031012/http://neworleanspubliclibrary.org/~nopl/gallier/zoo.htm|archive-date=2014-09-09|url-status=dead}} A study suggested that the zoo should be closed down unless the city could make a major commitment to upgrade it. City government, local businesses, and private citizens rallied in support of it, and in 1975 the city's voters approved a measure to finance its rebuilding. Zoo grounds were expanded from 14 to 50 acres (57,000 to 200,000 m²). That same year, New Orleans funk band The Meters released the song "They All Ask'd for You," which references Audubon Zoo and has become the zoo's unofficial theme song.{{cite web |author=Nick Deriso |title=Zigaboo Modeliste on the Meters' 'They All Ask'd For You,' 'Funkify Your Life,' others: Gimme Five |url=http://somethingelsereviews.com/2011/08/04/one-track-mind-zigaboo-modeliste-funkify-your-life-desitively-bonaroo-they-all-askd-for-you-others/ |website=Something Else |publisher=Something Else! |access-date=January 25, 2019 |date=August 4, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190125073426/http://somethingelsereviews.com/2011/08/04/one-track-mind-zigaboo-modeliste-funkify-your-life-desitively-bonaroo-they-all-askd-for-you-others/|archive-date=January 25, 2019|url-status=live}} By the end of the decade, the Audubon Zoo was already well on its way to becoming one of the finest in the United States.

File:Audubon Zoo, New Orleans USA - panoramio.jpg

More improvements and expansions continued into the 21st century, making the Audubon Zoo popular not only with locals but also drawing substantial numbers of tourists visiting from other states and from abroad.

In 1987, an alligator nest was discovered with 18 freshly hatched babies with white hides—an extraordinary natural mutation called leucism, not to be confused with albinism. They received much attention when they went on display, and the white alligator became a symbol of the zoo.{{cite web|website=wwltv.com|url=http://www.wwltv.com/news/Rare-white-gators-got-their-start-in-Terrebonne--267042591.html|publisher=WWLTV|title=Rare gators got their start in a Terrebonne swamp | WWLTV.com New Orleans|access-date=2014-09-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140716125637/http://www.wwltv.com/news/Rare-white-gators-got-their-start-in-Terrebonne--267042591.html|archive-date=2014-07-16|url-status=dead}}

File:Gator Demonstration.jpg

In 1990, the Audubon Nature Institute, which manages the zoo,{{cite web|title=Audubon Institute|website=auduboninstitute.org |url=http://www.auduboninstitute.org/about}} opened Audubon Aquarium{{cite news|work=Times-Picayune|date=June 15, 2014|last=Stroup|first=Shiela|title=Aquarium of the Americas: A 24th anniversary shared, a labor of love for aging animals |url=http://www.nola.com/living/index.ssf/2014/06/aquarium_of_the_americas_a_24t.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171207013726/https://www.nola.com/living/index.ssf/2014/06/aquarium_of_the_americas_a_24t.html|archive-date=December 7, 2017}} in the CBD at the edge of the French Quarter. Some of the white alligators were transferred there, and a riverboat began service taking visitors between the facilities.

The WPA-era Monkey Hill, a favorite landmark of generations of New Orleans children, underwent extensive renovation in the early 21st century, including the addition of a waterfall for young children to play in, a rope web that goes to the summit, and a {{convert|20|foot|4=-high|adj=mid}} "safari outpost" at the base of the hill. For the sake of posterity, a portion of it was left as grass for children to play on.{{cite web|title=Monkey Hill, which turns 80 this summer, isn't the highest spot in New Orleans, but it's one of the most beloved|date=July 9, 2014|last=Campanella|first=Richard|website=nola.com |url=https://www.nola.com/entertainment_life/home_garden/article_dbdf317c-651c-5c8c-985e-d9fbf1eb66a9.html}}

In 2005, Hurricane Katrina hit New Orleans, followed by severe consequences in the devastating aftermath of the storm. During the hurricane, zoo staff found refuge in the reptile house, which was designed to withstand major weather events. Located on high ground atop an old natural river levee, the building was not flooded. Most of the animals survived—only three died—and the only major damage was downed trees. However, the zoo was short on food and other necessities in the days after the storm, and pumps were overheating.{{cite news |first=Diane |last=Jennings |url=http://www.dallasnews.com/s/dws/news/katrina/stories/090105dntexkatlandmarks.129acef6.html |title=Some landmarks took a beating |work=Dallas Morning News |date=2005-08-31 |access-date=2006-03-20}}

The fact that the zoo sustained only minor damage can be attributed to disaster planning and its location on high ground. Zoo curator Dan Maloney was quoted as saying, "The zoo had planned for years for the catastrophic storm that has long been predicted for New Orleans."{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4223288.stm |title=New Orleans zoo survives Katrina |work=BBC News |date=2005-09-07 |access-date=2006-03-20}}

The zoo reopened for Thanksgiving weekend in November 2005 and initiated a weekends-only schedule due to financial constraints. On March 1, 2006, it began a Wednesday-through-Sunday schedule, and eventually expanded to Tuesday through Sunday.{{cite web |title=Audubon Zoo and Audubon Park Golf Course expand days of operation |work=Audubon Institute |format=PDF |url=http://www.auduboninstitute.org/site/DocServer/Press_zoocoursexpansion.pdf?docID=404 |date=February 2006 |access-date=2006-03-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060623022827/http://www.auduboninstitute.org/site/DocServer/Press_zoocoursexpansion.pdf?docID=404 |archive-date=2006-06-23 |url-status=live }}

For a period around 2011 the Lycée Français de la Nouvelle-Orléans (LFNO) used three rooms at the zoo as classrooms on a temporary basis.{{cite news|last=Morris|first=Robert|url=http://uptownmessenger.com/2011/11/lycee-francais-november-board-meeting/|title=Lycee Francais nearing deal for new school building|work=Uptown Messenger|date=November 14, 2011|access-date=August 3, 2012}}

On July 14, 2018, a jaguar named Valerio escaped through the roof of its enclosure, killing six animals and injuring another three before being recaptured.{{cite news |last=Silverstein |first=Jason |work=CBS News |title=Jaguar escapes, kills 6 animals at New Orleans zoo |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/audubon-zoo-new-orleans-jaguar-escapes-kills-6-animals-2018-07-14/ |date=2018-07-14 |access-date=2018-07-15}}{{cite news |last=Krueger |first=Hanna |work=NOLA.com |title=6 animals dead, 3 injured: What we know about the jaguar escape at Audubon Zoo |url=https://www.nola.com/expo/news/erry-2018/07/bad7f252531544/6-animals-dead-3-injured-what.html |date=2018-07-14 |access-date=2018-07-15 |language=en-US}} The incident occurred before the zoo had opened.

Notable attractions

Near the entrance are exhibits for American flamingos and whooping cranes.

=Asian Domain=

File:Audubon Zoo New Orleans December 2006 07.jpg

Home to the zoo's Asian animals. Sumatran orangutans are housed in the former elephant yard. The zoo's Asian elephants live in a few large yards with enrichment structures and pools. Also living in this area are Amur leopards, sun bears, Asian small-clawed otters, North Sulawesi babirusa, Malayan tigers and barasingha.{{cite web |title=Asia |url=https://audubonnatureinstitute.org/explore-zoo/asia }}

=World of Primates=

World of Primates houses a variety of primates like a troop of western lowland gorillas, mandrills, black-and-white colobus monkeys, Wolf's guenons, black howler monkeys, golden lion tamarin, black-and-white ruffed lemurs, siamang and the only Angolan talapoins in North America.{{cite web |title=World of Primates |url=https://audubonnatureinstitute.org/explore-zoo/world-of-primates }}

=African Savanna=

File:Giraffes (3564856675).jpg

In front of the Savanna is the zoo's petting zoo, the Watoto Walk, which houses donkeys, miniature zebu, goats and sheep. The first enclosure in the Savanna consists of giraffes, black crowned cranes and marabou storks. Nearby are habitats for African wild dogs and lions. A paddock with a large pond houses great white pelicans and pink-backed pelicans along with Thomson's gazelles, nyala and Abyssinian ground hornbills. A third habitat houses white rhinos, Burchell's zebras and blue wildebeest while the final habitat houses red river hogs.{{cite web |title=African Savanna |url=https://audubonnatureinstitute.org/explore-zoo/african-savanna }}

=South American Pampas=

File:Flamingos at the Audubon Zoo - panoramio.jpg

At the entrance of this area is the maned wolf enclosure. Right over is a boardwalk across a large pond which houses Caribbean flamingos, American white pelicans and brown pelicans. Along the boardwalk is a large yard for capybaras, greater rheas, king vultures and Patagonian maras. The yard across has Baird's tapirs, guanacos and coscoroba swans.

=Jaguar Jungle=

This area has the theme of a ruined Mayan temple and it includes jaguars, giant anteaters, St. Vincent agoutis, ocelots, Geoffroy's spider monkeys, alpacas, maguari storks, scarlet macaws, blue-and-yellow macaws and common boa.{{cite web |title=Jaguar Jungle |url=https://audubonnatureinstitute.org/jaguar-jungle }}

A new nocturnal house named "Criaturas de la Noche" was opened in 2019 featuring Seba's short-tailed bats, Nancy Ma's night monkeys, ringtails, common vampire bats, Anthony's poison arrow frogs, red-eyed tree frogs, Central American giant cave cockroaches and Costa Rican zebra tarantulas.

=Audubon Aviary=

This free-flight aviary features more than 30 species of birds from around the world such as the blue-crowned laughingthrushes, Indian peafowl, Nicobar pigeons, scarlet ibises and Taveta golden weavers. Outside the aviary is a yard for emus.{{cite web |title=Audubon Aviary {{!}} Audubon Zoo {{!}} Audubon Nature Institute |url=https://audubonnatureinstitute.org/explore-zoo/audubon-aviary }}

=Louisiana Swamp=

File:White Gator at Audubon Zoo, New Orleans.jpg

This exhibit is primarily outdoors, housing many samples of animals native to southern Louisiana. These include American black bears, cougars, bobcats, red foxes, North American river otters, nutria, raccoons, various fish and snakes, blue crabs, alligator snapping turtles and American alligators of both normal pigmentation and the leucistic variety.{{cite web |title=Louisiana Swamp |url=https://audubonnatureinstitute.org/zoo-exhibits/louisiana-swamp }}

After Hurricane Katrina, it was thematically decorated to mimic the scenes seen around the city. There was a small Katrina refrigerator taped up outside of the front door, a blue tarp stretched over the roof, and a marking that indicated no casualties were found in it, rather, that the eight alligators that inhabit it were fed with the notion of the number 8 and "Gators Fed".

=Reptile Encounter=

One of the newer and more famous residents of the Reptile Encounter exhibit is the Komodo dragon. Many other animals are also housed here, including the panther chameleon, Gila monster, false gharial, green anaconda, gaboon viper and quite a few other reptiles and amphibians.

=Sea Lion Theater=

California sea lions live in a large lagoon. Two females named Ayah and Jolee arrived at the zoo in 2017 from the Marine Mammal Care Center Los Angeles. Both were found stranded and were rescued; Jolee was suffering from cataracts and flipper abrasions and Ayah had a small-caliber bullet in her brain, resulting in the loss of her left eye.{{cite web |title=Sea Lions |url=https://audubonnatureinstitute.org/zoo-exhibits/sea-lions }}