Aussurucq

Aussurucq is located in the former province of Soule in the Massif des Arbailles some 30 km west by south-west of Oloron-Sainte-Marie and 25 km east of Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port. Access to the commune is by road D147 from Idaux-Mendy in the north which passes through the village and continues south through the commune to join the D117 on the southern border of the commune. A pastoral road from Béhorléguy to Alçay and Aussurucq passes through the Col d'Aphanize (without crossing it) and generally follows the line of the watershed along the Col de Burdin Olatzé. The commune is mostly rugged and heavily forested however there is some farmland in the north.[https://www.google.com/maps/place/Aussurucq/@43.1256245,-0.9691932,13279m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m2!3m1!1s0xd5720431cf5c2d5:0x15594f755c88d3a3?hl=en Google Maps]

The Ruisseau de Guessalia rises in the south of the commune and flows north-east gathering some tributaries to join the Apouhoura north of the commune. The Arangorena forms the north-western border as it flows north-east to join the Saison near Gotein-Libarrenx. The Bidouze rises in the south of the commune and flows north to eventually join the Adour north of Bardos.

{{div col|colwidth=18em}}

• Abeheaborda
• Ahancetaborda
• Ahanzolha
• Ahusquy: known for its spring of the same name
• Althabéa (ruins)
• Althabegoïty
• Ambukoborda
• Ardiaénéa
• Ascune (rocks)
• Athekaketa
• Bagadoy
• Barnexborda
• Baskinabe
• Behegayborda
• Beherégaray (barns)
• Burdin-Clatze (col)
• Capara (barn)
• Carriquiborda
• Chalunia
• Cumba
• Elsareko Ordokia
• Erbinia (cayolar)
• Etchakokoua
• Etchaltia (rocks)
• Etchebidea
• Etchecopar
• Etchekolaz
• Exaltia (cayolar)
• Gettaborda
• Goyheneix
• Guessalia
• Harribiribile
• Hasgagnia
• Haspia (rocks)
• Héguilloré (cayolar)
• Hidogaratia (col)
• Hidondo
• Ibarrondoa
• Ihatia
• Inharpu (col)
• Istaurdy (cayolar)
• Jaguiborda
• Jaragoyhen
• Karkatz
• Lagay
• Lapistoy
• Lapitz (field)
• Larraguy
• Larramendy
• Latchéra
• Lecharegaratia (cayolar)
• Lecharéguibela (cayolar)
• Leycharzepia (fountain)
• Lhastéria
• Lohiolha
• Lucugnébehety (cayolar)
• Miadore (cayolar)
• Mouchako
• Naboleguy (cayolar)
• Nébélé (fountain)
• Nékolha
• Olhatzezarre (cayolar)
• Otxolatzé (fontaine)
• Potcho (cayolars)
• Sallaberria
• Sorzauqui (col)
• Souhourtia (cayolar)
• Thartassu
• Udoya (cayolar)
• Uhalberryborda
• Uhaldéa
• Uhaltéberria
• Uhartéa
• Urrutchoya
• Urrutia (château)
• Uthurbietta (fountain)
• Uthurieta (cayolar)
• Zouhourtia

{{div col end}}

[http://www.geoportail.gouv.fr/accueil?c=-0.9325,43.1503&z=7.92265E-5&l=GEOGRAPHICALGRIDSYSTEMS.MAPS.3D$GEOPORTAIL:OGC:WMTS@aggregate(1)&l=ADMINISTRATIVEUNITS.BOUNDARIES$GEOPORTAIL:OGC:WMTS(1)&permalink=yes Géoportail], IGN {{in lang|fr}}

{{Geographic location

| title = Neighbouring communes and villages

|width=auto

|Centre = Aussurucq

|North = Ordiarp

|Northeast = Idaux-Mendy

|East = Sauguis-Saint-Étienne

|Southeast = Camou-Cihigue

|South = Lacarry-Arhan-Charritte-de-Haut

|Southwest = Mendive

|West = Ahaxe-Alciette-Bascassan

|Northwest = Saint-Just-Ibarre

}}

The commune name in basque is Altzürükü.

Jean-Baptiste Orpustan indicated that the name comes from the basque altzu ("alder tree") which is explained by the position of the valley covered in alder trees. The second part of the name is more enigmatic. According to Orpustan it could be from Urru ("the other side") or iri giving alzu-(i) ri-ku meaning "place in the Alder field".

The following table details the origins of the commune name and other names in the commune.

Sources:

• Orpustan: Jean-Baptiste Orpustan, New Basque ToponymyJean-Baptiste Orpustan, New Basque Toponymy, Presses universitaires de Bordeaux, 2006, {{ISBN|2 86781 396 4}} {{in lang|fr}}
• Raymond: [https://books.google.com/books?id=2TCHmbiipFIC Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees], 1863, on the page numbers indicated in the table. {{in lang|fr}}[https://books.google.com/books?id=2TCHmbiipFIC Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees], Paul Raymond, Imprimerie nationale, 1863, Digitised from Lyon Public Library 15 June 2011 {{in lang|fr}}

Origins:

• Duchesne: Duchesne collection volume CXIVDuchesne Collection, volumes 99 to 114, containing the papers of Oihenart, former Imperial Librarian - Bibliothèque nationale de France
• Notaries: Notaries of NavarrenxDepartmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques {{in lang|fr}}
• Chapter: Titles of the Chapter of BayonneChapter of Bayonne in the Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques {{in lang|fr}}
• Soule: Customs of SouleCustoms of Soule in 1520, printed at Pau in 1760 {{in lang|fr}}

In the Middle Palaeolithic era Soule was already populated as remains of Neanderthal prehistoric man have been found in the Xaxixiloaga caves in Aussurucq. A tumulus was also reported at shepherd's cabins in Potxo along the D147 road.

The central part of Soule is also called the Messagerie des ArbaillesThe duty of the messenger of the royal procurer was the surveillance of a defined geographic zone - Paul Raymond, Topographic Dictionary of Béarn-basque country {{in lang|fr}} between Basabürü and Pettarra (in the Sauguis-Saint-Étienne, Aussurucq, and Barcus regions).

File:Aussurucq (Pyr-Atl, Fr) La mairie dans le château, coté cour.JPG

File:Altzuruku eliza pilotalekua.jpg next to the church]]

{{incomplete list|date=April 2021}}

List of Successive Mayors[http://www.francegenweb.org/mairesgenweb/resultcommune.php?id=22186 List of Mayors of France] {{in lang|fr}}

The commune is part of six inter-communal structures:

• the Communauté d'agglomération du Pays Basque;
• the sanitation association for Pays du Soule;
• the Energy association of Pyrénées-Atlantiques;
• the inter-communal association of Arbailla;
• the inter-communal association for transport from Musculdy to Ordiap;
• the inter-communal association to support Basque culture.

In 2017 the commune had 245 inhabitants.

{{Historical populations

| align = none

| cols = 2

| percentages = pagr

| source = EHESS{{Cassini-Ehess|1943|Aussurucq}} and INSEE[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=COM-64081#ancre-POP_T1 Population en historique depuis 1968], INSEE

| graph-pos = bottom

|1793 |596

|1800 |574

|1806 |637

|1821 |700

|1831 |711

|1836 |632

|1841 |701

|1846 |740

|1851 |716

|1856 |662

|1861 |660

|1866 |640

|1872 |643

|1876 |640

|1881 |604

|1886 |570

|1891 |564

|1896 |570

|1901 |523

|1906 |512

|1911 |518

|1921 |472

|1926 |502

|1931 |459

|1936 |437

|1946 |432

|1954 |401

|1962 |379

|1968 |347

|1975 |289

|1982 |293

|1990 |274

|1999 |254

|2007 |254

|2012 |249

|2017 |245

}}

Economic activity is based on agriculture (livestock and pasture). The commune is part of the Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) zone of Ossau-iraty.

Image:Chateau Ruthie-0.jpg

The village features a dynamic scene related especially to Basque culture. The inhabitants of the village performed the pastoral Ürrüti Jauregiko Peirot in 2002, a play written by the son of the village Niko Etxart, an acclaimed Basque musician.

• The Chateau of Ruthie (11th century){{Mérimée Icon}} is registered as an historical monument.Ministry of Culture, Mérimée {{Mérimée|PA00084327|PA00084327 Chateau of Ruthie}} {{in lang|fr}}
• A Gaztelu Zahar (Castellum) is at a place called gaztelu at an altitude of 582 metres.

File:Eglise daussurucq.jpg on the church with a horological curiosity on the roof]]

The town has a church with a Trinitarian steeple or a tower surmounted by three points of nearly equal height.Philippe Veyrin, The Basques, p. 241, Arthaud, 20 December 1975 {{in lang|fr}} The church contains a processional cross (17th century){{Palissy Icon}} which is registered as an historical object.Ministry of Culture, Palissy {{Palissy|PM64000061|PM64000061 Processional Cross}} {{in lang|fr}}

At the end of the 19th century, the Arbailles Forest covered parts of the communes of Aussurucq, Béhorléguy, Camou-Cihigue, Musculdy, Ordiarp, and Saint-Just-Ibarre.

A wealth of heritage in Aussurucq commune is contained in its sub-soil. Most of the territory of the commune is karstic. The environment is characterized by the presence of natural cavities in complex shapes that have not all yet been discovered or much less explored to date. Departmental cavers have undertaken the exploration, description, and publication of this heritage respecting the environment and the local population. One of the most beautiful caves in the commune is the Nébélé which has been the subject of works and regular explorations since 1972.

The peak of Ascune stands at 860 m, Echagorry is 935 m, Elsarré is 1,153 m, Sihigue is 1,193 m, and Etchecortia is 1,204 m. In the south-west of the commune, Bohorcortia is 1,214 metres high.

The town has a primary school (Garaibie).

• Pierre V de Charritte de Ruthie, born in Aussurucq, was chaplain to François I.Claude de Vic, Joseph Vaissète, and Alexandre Du Mège, General History of Languedoc: with notes and justification pieces, J.B. Paya, 1841 {{in lang|fr}}
• Gilen Epherre, born at Aussurucq in 1911 and died in Bayonne in 1974, was a writer, priest, scholar and important cultural player in the post-war period

• Communes of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department

{{Reflist|2}}

• [http://www.euskomedia.org/aunamendi/4787 ALTZÜRUKÜ in the Bernardo Estornés Lasa - Auñamendi Encyclopedia (Euskomedia Fundazioa)] {{in lang|es}}
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20100422230748/http://www.soule-xiberoa.fr/fr/territoire-souletin/communes/aussurucq/la-commune.html Aussurucq on the Community of communes Soule-Xiberoa official website] {{in lang|fr}}
• [http://www.geoportail.gouv.fr/accueil?c=-0.9325,43.1503&z=7.92265E-5&l=GEOGRAPHICALGRIDSYSTEMS.MAPS.3D$GEOPORTAIL:OGC:WMTS@aggregate(1)&l=ADMINISTRATIVEUNITS.BOUNDARIES$GEOPORTAIL:OGC:WMTS(1)&permalink=yes Aussurucq on Géoportail], National Geographic Institute (IGN) website {{in lang|fr}}
• [http://rumsey.geogarage.com/maps/cassinige.html?lat=43.1503&lon=-0.9325&zoom=13 Anßuruc on the 1750 Cassini Map]

{{Commons category|Aussurucq}}

{{Zuberoa}}

{{Pyrénées-Atlantiques communes}}

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Category:Communes of Pyrénées-Atlantiques