Australian Merino
{{Short description|Australian breed of sheep}}
{{use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{use list-defined references|date=June 2021}}
{{Use Australian English|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox sheep breed
| name = Australian Merino
| image = Merino ram.JPG
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Head of a ram
| status = {{ubl|{{nobreak|FAO (2007): not at risk{{r|barb|page=146}}}}|DAD-IS (2021): unknown{{r|dad}}}}
| altname =
| country = Australia
| distribution = {{ubl|Australia|New Zealand}}
| standard =
| type =
| use = {{ubl|meat|wool}}
| weight =
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| horns = {{ubl|Poll Merino: polled|other breeds: rams horned, ewes polled}}
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File:The sheep and wool industry of Australasia (Page 9) BHL20150119.jpg
File:Sheep drenching.JPG near Walcha, New South Wales]]
The Australian Merino is an Australian breed or group of breeds of sheep, forming a significant part of the Merino group of breeds. Its origins lie in Merino sheep imported to Australia from South Africa in about 1796. By about 1830 there were almost two million Merinos in the country.{{r|cabi|page=746}}
Using the skills of breeding and selection, the Australian Merino developed inline with Australia’s large variations in climatic conditions, management and husbandry techniques.{{cite web |url=https://merinos.com.au/australian-merino/ |title=Evolution of the Australian Merino |website=Australian Association of Stud Merino Breeders |access-date=20 September 2023 }} The Australian Merino produces a wool that is the world’s finest and softest.{{cite web |url=https://www.woolmark.com/fibre/what-is-merino-wool/ |title=What is Merino wool & how is it made? |website=The Woolmark Company |access-date=20 September 2023 }}
History
In 1790, Charles IV of Spain sent a gift of Merino sheep from the Escorial cavana to the government of the Dutch Republic.{{r|dave|page=9}} They did not thrive there, but did well in the Dutch Cape Colony, in what is now South Africa.{{r|cabi|page=746}}
The origins of the Australian Merino lie in some of those sheep imported to Australia by John Macarthur in 1796. By about 1830, there were almost two million Merinos in the country.{{r|cabi|page=746}}
The original strain bred by Macarthur survives as the Camden Park or Macarthur Merino.{{r|dad2}} The four principal breeds or strains that developed within the Australian Merino group were the Peppin,{{r|dad3}} the Saxon,{{r|dad4}} the South Australian{{r|dad5}} and the Spanish.{{r|cabi|page=746|dad6}} The Poll Merino or Australian Poll Merino is a recently created polled variant.{{r|cabi|page=747|dad13}} Other strains recognised as breeds include the Booroola Merino,{{r|dad8}} the Bungaree Merino,{{r|dad9}} the Dohne Merino,{{r|dad10}} the Fonthill Merino,{{r|dad11}} the Tasmanian Merino (which derives from the Saxon);{{r|cabi|page=746|dad7}} and the Trangie Fertility.{{r|dad12}}
References
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{{Sheep breeds of Australia and New Zealand}}