Australian rules football in Australia
{{Short description|Australian sport}}
{{Use Australian English|date=January 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}}
{{Sport overview
| country = Australia
| sport = Australian rules football
| image = Aboriginal_football.jpg
| imagesize = 250px
| caption = Contesting for possession in an indigenous community football game in the Northern Territory
| union = Australian Football League
| nickname =
| first = {{Start date and age|1858}} in Melbourne, Victoria
| registered = 555,629 (2023)[https://www.clearinghouseforsport.gov.au/research/ausplay/results#sportreport Ausplay Sports Report 2023 - Australian Football]
| match = 121,696 – {{AFL Col}} vs {{AFL Car}}, at the MCG (1970 VFL Grand Final)
| league = 8,243,908 – 2024 AFL season[https://ministryofsport.com/afl-and-nrl-break-all-time-attendance-records-in-2024 AFL and NRL Break All-Time Attendance Records in 2024] Ministry of Sport 8 October 2024
| national_list = AFL
AFL Women's
| club_list = {{collapsible list|
}}
}}
In Australia, Australian rules football is the most popular spectator sport and the second most participated code of football. Since originating in Victoria in 1858 and spreading elsewhere from 1866, it has been played continuously in every Australian state since 1903 plus the two major territories since 1916. In most states it is referred to simply as football or footy however in New South Wales and Queensland it is promoted under the acronym AFL by the local development bodies.
The sport is played by more than half a million Australians. Players participate at an organised level in various forms from Auskick (age 5) through to school-based, underage (up to age 19), open age, to Masters (35+) competition. The season runs in most states and territories during the cooler seasons in Australia (from March to September), avoiding clashes with cricket, with the exception being the northern part of the Northern Territory where the season runs during the wet season (October to March). The highest participation rates (players per capita) can be found in the Northern Territory (5%), South Australia (4.8%), Victoria (4.3%), Western Australia (4.2%), Tasmania (3.3%) and the Australian Capital Territory (2.4%). Unlike other football codes which are strongest in urban areas, Australian rules football has the highest participation in regional and remote areas. Nationally this rate is 5.7%, almost double that of any other code. It is also fast growing in New South Wales and in Queensland, though with participation rates there of 1.2% it is considered a minor sport, lagging behind soccer and rugby league in overall interest. These two states represent more than half of the Australian population and this dichotomy of football culture is referred to as the Barassi Line.
Australian rules football holds the match attendance record of any football code in Victoria (121,696), South Australia (66,987), Tasmania (24,968) and the Northern Territory (17,500).
The national professional competitions are the men's Australian Football League (AFL) and AFL Women's (AFLW). Nationally these are the most popular football competitions of any code, with millions of TV viewers across the country. The AFL governs the code nationally through the AFL Commission based in Melbourne. The AFL originated in Victoria and changed its name from Victorian Football League in 1990 after a successful program of national expansion and for these reasons the governing body is often seen by those from other states as having a strong Victorian bias.
The AFL discontinued representative matches as it expanded nationally (with the exception of occasional matches featuring Victoria). This was part of restructuring competitions across the country into a national junior pathway that would provide the league with access to the best junior talent via the Australian Football League draft. South Australia and Western Australia are the only states represented at the AFL Under 19 Championships, state representation is limited to players under 19, and open age players can only represent their state through interleague matches involving lower tier competitions.
The Australian Football Hall of Fame names the greatest players of all time. Of the greatest 32 who are categorised as Legends: 20 are Victorian, 4 each are from South Australia and Tasmania, 3 from Western Australia, 2 from New South Wales and 1 each from Queensland and the Australian Capital Territory.
Australia competed internationally at junior level. Australia's national teams remain undefeated. From 2007 to 2019 the underage men's team competed annually against international opponents as the AFL Academy most recently against New Zealand. Australia has also fielded amateur teams against South Africa, Papua New Guinea and the United States. Sides representing Indigenous Australia have competed against Papua New Guinea and South Africa.
History
{{Main|History of Australian rules football}}
{{See also|Origins of Australian rules football}}
File:Intercolonial Football Match 1879.jpg, 1879]]
Image:Australasian Football Jubilee Carnival (1858-1908)-Official Programme.jpeg
It began in the Colony of Victoria in 1858, followed by the Colony of New South Wales and Colony of Queensland (1866);[http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article20307734 Brisbane Courier 25 May 1866] Colony of South Australia (1877); Colony of Tasmania (1879); and, Colony of Western Australia (1881).
The first intercolonial representative match was Victoria vs South Australia (1879).
Delegates representing the football associations of South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and Queensland met in 1883 in order to standardise the rules across the colonies. The earliest governing body, the Australasian Football Council (later Australian National Football Council) dates back to this time.
Following a hiatus in Queensland (1892-1903) and New South Wales (1893-1903) it was revived after the Federation of Australia and expanded to the territories of the Australian Capital Territory (1911) and the Northern Territory (1916).
{{Navbox timeline
| name = Adoption in Australia
| state = uncollapsed
| title = Adoption in Australia
| label = Type
|
| label: Victoria
| Melbourne FC | 1859-1860 | style: background-color: #000D5F; color: white;
| Victorian rules (Challenge Cup) | 1860-1877 | style: background-color: #000D5F; color: white;
| VFA | 1877-1897 | style: background-color: #000D5F; color: white;
| VFL/AFL | 1897-1990 | style: background-color: #000D5F; color: white;
| Victorian State Football League | 1991-1999 | style: background-color: #000D5F; color: white;
| AFL Victoria | 1999- | style: background-color: #000D5F; color: white;
|
| label: New South Wales
| Sydney FC | 1866-1868 | style: background-color: #87CEEB;
| NSWAFA | 1880-1893 | style: background-color: #87CEEB;
| None | 1890-1903 | style: background-color: #87CEEB;
| NSWAFL | 1903-1999 | style: background-color: #87CEEB;
| AFL NSW/ACT | 1999- | style: background-color: #87CEEB;
|
| label: Queensland
| Brisbane FC | 1866-1877 | style: background-color: #900C3F; color: white;
| QFA | 1880-1890 | style: background-color: #900C3F; color: white;
| None | 1890-1903 | style: background-color: #900C3F; color: white;
| QAFL | 1903-2000 | style: background-color: #900C3F; color: white;
| AFL Queensland | 2000- | style: background-color: #900C3F; color: white;
|
| label: South Australia
| SANFL | 1877- | style: background-color: #F90000; color: white;
|
| label: Tasmania
| TFL | 1879-1999 | style: background-color: #005027; color: white;
| AFL Tasmania | 1999- | style: background-color: #005027; color: white;
|
| label: Western Australia
| Western Australian Football League | 1885-1989 | style: background-color: #FFFF00; color: white;
| WA Football | 1989- | style: background-color: #FFFF00; color: white;
|
| label: Northern Territory
| AFL Northern Territory | 1917- | style: background-color: #CC7722; color: white;
|
| label: Australian Capital Territory
| Federal Territory League | 1924-1999 | style: background-color: #0047ba; color: white;
| AFL NSW/ACT | 1999- | style: background-color: #0047ba;
}}
In Australian popular culture
{{Main|Australian rules football in popular culture}}
The sport has had a significant impact on popular culture in its native Australia, capturing the imagination of Australian film, art, music, television and literature.
Audience
=Attendance=
Football is the most highly attended spectator sport in Australia. Government figures show that more than 2.5 million people (16.8% of the population) attended games in 1999.[http://www.abs.gov.au/Ausstats/abs@.nsf/0/e298cee24565c911ca256def007248ff?OpenDocument Sports Attendance], Australian Bureau of Statistics, April 1999. In 2005, a cumulative 6,283,788 people attended Australian Football League (AFL) premiership matches, a record for the competition.{{cite news|url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/Sport/Aussie-Rules-sets-attendance-record/2005/08/28/1125167544791.html |work=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=2005-08-28|title=Aussie Rules sets attendance record}} A further 307,181 attended NAB Cup pre-season matches and 117,552 attended Regional Challenge pre-season practice matches around the country.[https://web.archive.org/web/20130922094343/http://www.afl.com.au/ 403 Forbidden] As of 2010, the AFL is one of only five professional sports leagues with an average attendance of over 30,000 per game.
As well as the AFL attendances, strong semi-professional state and local competitions also draw crowds. The South Australian SANFL drew an attendance in 2008 of 362,209 with an average of 3,773 per game, while the Western Australian WAFL drew an attendance of 219,205 with an average of 2,332 per game.
| class="sortable wikitable"
! colspan="1" | Region/State/Territory ! colspan="1" | Average AFL premiership season attendance (since 1990 as at 2023)[https://afltables.com/afl/crowds/summary.html#05 Average H&A Attendances By State] | |
| {{flagicon|New South Wales}} New South Wales | 24,207 |
| {{flagicon|Victoria}} Victoria | 38,116 |
| {{flagicon|Queensland}} Queensland | 19,658 |
| {{flagicon|Western Australia}} Western Australia | 34,462 |
| {{flagicon|South Australia}} South Australia | 35,919 |
| {{flagicon|Tasmania}} Tasmania | 14,206 |
| {{flagicon|Australian Capital Territory}} Australian Capital Territory | 10,989 |
| {{flagicon|Northern Territory}} Northern Territory | 9,320 |
=Television=
Participation
Structure and competitions
Image:aussie rules game.jpg on the Gold Coast. Adelaide's Matthew Clarke and Melbourne's Mark Jamar contest a centre bounce. The man in the green shirt is a central field umpire.]]
The most powerful organisation and competition within the game is the elite professional Australian Football League (AFL). The AFL is recognised by the Australian Sports Commission as being the National Sporting Organisation for Australian rules football. There are also seven state/territory-based organisations in Australia, most of which are affiliated to the AFL. Most of these hold annual semi-professional club competitions while the others oversee more than one league. Local semi-professional or amateur organisations and competitions are affiliated to their state leagues.
| class="wikitable"
! Region !! Overview !! Governing/Development body !! Major competition(s) | |||
| {{flagicon|Australian Capital Territory}} Australian Capital Territory | Overview | rowspan="2"| AFL NSW/ACT | AFL Canberra |
| {{flagicon|New South Wales}} New South Wales | Overview | Sydney AFL | |
| {{flagicon|Northern Territory}} Northern Territory | Overview | AFL Northern Territory | Northern Territory Football League |
| {{flagicon|Queensland}} Queensland | Overview | AFL Queensland | Queensland Australian Football League |
| {{flagicon|South Australia}} South Australia | Overview | South Australian Football Commission | South Australian National Football League |
| {{flagicon|Tasmania}} Tasmania | Overview | AFL Tasmania | Tasmanian Football League |
| {{flagicon|Victoria}} Victoria | Overview | AFL Victoria | Victorian Football League |
| {{flagicon|Western Australia}} Western Australia | Overview | WA Football | West Australian Football League |
=National championships=
==Senior==
{{Further|Interstate matches in Australian rules football}}
The last senior national carnival was held in 1993 and the last match between interstate senior sides was held under State of Origin rules in 1999. Senior state representation for Australian Football League players is no longer available except for Victoria whose players sometimes compete in one-off events against composite sides. However, state leagues continue to compete in inter-league matches.
==Under 18==
{{Main|AFL Under 18 Championships}}
The AFL Under 18 Championships are the annual national Australian rules football championships for players aged 18 years or younger and includes teams from each Australian state or Territory. The competition is monitored by AFL recruiters and frequently seen as the second biggest pathway for junior players to the fully professional Australian Football League. The competition is currently sponsored by the National Australia Bank (NAB). The competition receives an increasing amount of coverage in the media, however still lags behind the TAC Cup in terms of interest in Victoria.
AFL players' Australian State of Origin
AFL player states of origin based on junior participation.
| class="sortable wikitable"
! colspan="1" | Region/State/Territory ! colspan="1" | AFL Players (2019) | |
| {{flagicon|New South Wales}} New South Wales | 47 |
| {{flagicon|Victoria}} Victoria | 483 |
| {{flagicon|Queensland}} Queensland | 33 |
| {{flagicon|Western Australia}} Western Australia | 101 |
| {{flagicon|South Australia}} South Australia | 101 |
| {{flagicon|Tasmania}} Tasmania | 23 |
| {{flagicon|Australian Capital Territory}} Australian Capital Territory | 4 |
| {{flagicon|Northern Territory}} Northern Territory | 10 |
See also
Books
{{Refbegin}}
- {{cite book
|last = Blainey
|first = Geoffrey
|author-link = Geoffrey Blainey
|title = A Game of Our Own: The Origins of Australian Football
|publisher = Black Inc.
|year = 2010
|isbn = 9781863954853
}}
- {{cite book
|last = Coventry
|first = James
|author-link = James Coventry
|title = Time and Space: The Tactics That Shaped Australian Rules and the Players and Coaches Who Mastered Them
|publisher = HarperCollins
|year = 2015
|isbn = 978-0-7333-3369-9
}}
- {{cite book
|last = de Moore
|first = Greg
|title = Tom Wills: First Wild Man of Australian Sport
|publisher = Allen & Unwin
|year = 2011
|isbn = 978-1-74237-598-4
}}
- {{cite book
|last = Hess
|first = Rob
|title = A National Game: The History of Australian Rules Football
|publisher = Viking
|year = 2008
|isbn = 978-0-670-07089-3
}}
- {{cite book
|last1 = Hess
|first1 = Rob
|last2 = Lenkic
|first2 = Brunette
|title = Play On! The Hidden History of Women's Australian Rules Football
|publisher = Bonnier Zaffre
|year = 2016
|isbn = 9781760063160
}}
- {{cite book
|last1 = de Moore
|first1 = Greg
|last2 = Hess
|first2 = Rob
|last3 = Nicholson
|first3 = Matthew
|last4 = Stewart
|first4 = Bob
|title = Australia's Game: The History of Australian Football
|publisher = Hardie Grant Books
|year = 2021
|isbn = 9781-74379-657-3
}}
- {{cite book
|last1 = Hibbins
|first1 = Gillian
|last2 = Mancini
|first2 = Anne
|title = Running with the Ball: Football's Foster Father
|publisher = Lynedoch Publications
|year = 1987
|isbn = 978-0-7316-0481-4
|url-access = registration
|url = https://archive.org/details/runningwithballf00harr
}}
- {{cite book
|last = Hibbins
|first = Gillian
|editor-first= James
|editor-last = Weston
|title = The Australian Game of Football: Since 1858
|publisher = Geoff Slattery Publishing
|year = 2008
|pages = 31–45
|chapter = Men of Purpose
|isbn = 978-0-9803466-6-4
}}
- {{cite book
|last = Hibbins
|first = Gillian
|editor-first= J. A.
|editor-last = Mangan
|title = The Cultural Bond: Sport, Empire, Society
|publisher = Routledge
|year = 2013
|pages = 108–127
|chapter = The Cambridge Connection: The English Origins of Australian Football
|isbn = 9781135024376
}}
- {{cite book
|last1 = Nauright
|first1 = John
|last2 = Parrish
|first2 = Charles
|title = Sports Around the World: History, Culture, and Practice
|publisher = ABC-CLIO
|year = 2012
|isbn = 9781598843002
}}
- {{cite book
|last = Pennings
|first = Mark
|title = Origins of Australian Football: Victoria's Early History: Volume 1: Amateur Heroes and the Rise of Clubs, 1858 to 1876
|publisher = Connor Court Publishing Pty Ltd
|year = 2012
|isbn = 9781921421471
}}
- {{cite book
|last = Pippos
|first = Angela
|author-link = Angela Pippos
|title = Breaking the Mould
|publisher = Simon and Schuster
|year = 2017
|isbn = 9781925475296
}}
- {{cite book
|last = Williamson
|first = John
|editor-first= Mar
|editor-last = Bucknell
|title = Football's Forgotten Tour: The Story of the British Australian Rules Venture of 1888
|publisher = Applegate
|year = 2003
|isbn = 9780958101806
}}
{{Refend}}