Austus

File:Ern Cowley Austus.jpg on an Australian Football oval.]]

Sports exhibitions by servicemen from both the Australian and visiting American services were commonplace during World War II as fundraisers, including American football.{{cite news|newspaper=The Sporting Globe|publication-place=Melbourne, VIC|title=Yankees ready for gridiron carnival|author=Ern Cowley|date=31 March 1943|page=12}} However, it was not possible for teams from Australia and America to play against each other in either of their national football codes due to the differences in skills: Australians were not adept at long throws of the ball, as was common in American football, and Americans were not adept at kicking, particularly on the run, as was required to play Australian rules football.

To enable football competitions between Australians and Americans, a modified code was proposed. Although sometimes described as a hybrid between the Australian and American codes, creator Ern Cowley described it as "99% Australian rules with the addition of gridiron highlights". The only significant rule change from the Australian game was that the American football-style forward pass was allowed and afforded the same benefits as an Australian rules football kick. Therefore, a ball thrown over a distance of at least ten yards could be marked if caught on the full; and goals could be scored from throws, with the exception that a thrown goal must have been from a distance greater than twenty yards – an arc twenty yards from the goal line was painted on the field to enable this to be judged by umpires.{{cite news|newspaper=The Sporting Globe|publication-place=Melbourne, VIC|title=On play and players|date=21 July 1943|page=13}} The game was played with an American football rather than an Australian football, because the pointed design of the American ball meant that it could be both thrown and kicked.{{cite news|newspaper=The Sporting Globe|publication-place=Melbourne, VIC|title='Austus' and baseball on Allies' Sports Day|author=Ern Cowley|date=24 July 1943|page=3}} These rules enabled Americans to participate against Australians at Australian rules football using the ball skills they already possessed from playing American football.

The first game of Austus was played on 18 July 1943 at Punt Road Oval between a team of US Servicemen and an Australian Explosives Factory team over two 25-minute halves. The Americans won 8.4 (52) to 5.8 (38).{{cite news|newspaper=The Argus|publication-place=Melbourne, VIC|title=Football – or not?|date=19 July 1943|page=9}} Two weeks later, an Australian team including around twelve VFL players comfortably defeated the Americans 17.23 (125) d. 8.1 (49) in a full-length game.{{cite news|newspaper=The Age|publication-place=Melbourne, VIC|title=Australia d. Yanks|page=4|date=2 August 1943}} Archival footage of the game exists ({{YouTube|tL-qqLUO28I}}), exhibiting American players preference to run and forward pass the ball.

Several more games were played as exhibitions in 1943 and 1944. By the end of 1943, both countries' armed forces endorsed the game as a suitable activity for their troops, with the rules later published in official army publications. The US Army noted that the game was more suited to warmer climates than the American game, and was more convenient as it could be played without protective equipment.{{cite news|newspaper=The Sporting Globe|date=13 November 1943|page=5|author=Ern Cowley|title="Austus" is now official|publication-place=Melbourne, VIC}}

The rules are credited to The Sporting Globe sportswriter and former {{AFL Car}} player Ern Cowley. Cowley and leading American player Private Bill Jost, who was a prodigious throw and captained the American teams, were both presented medals by the Helms Athletic Foundation in 1944 for their services to the short-lived code.{{cite news|newspaper=The Argus|publication-place=Melbourne, VIC|title=Medal for "Austus" inventor|page=11|date=12 July 1944}}

The game all but disappeared after the departure of American soldiers from Australia in 1945.{{cite news|newspaper=Portland Guardian|publication-place=Portland, VIC|title=Idle thoughts on post-war sport|date=10 September 1945|page=2}} Some consideration was given after the war to sending Australian teams to America to demonstrate the sport, but an absence of willing financial backers meant that the idea quickly fell through.{{cite news|newspaper=News|publication-place=Adelaide, SA|title=Americans not keen for Aust. football tour|author=AAP|date=21 November 1946|page=9}} The game has rarely if ever been played since.{{cite news |last1=Keane |first1=Daniel |title=Austus: the wartime football that blended Australian and American gridiron rules |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-04-25/austus-football-blends-australian-and-american-gridiron-rules/9693508 |access-date=11 August 2019 |work=ABC News |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=29 October 2018}}

{{reflist}}

• [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tL-qqLUO28I Newsreel footage of an Austus game]
• {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324175513/http://www.aussierulesinternational.com/home/world/europe/ireland/international_rules/austus_1 |date=March 24, 2012 |title=Aussie Rules International story on Austus }}
• {{cite web|url=http://nfl.fanhouse.com/2006/12/07/football-history-101-the-lost-hybrid-game/ |title=Article on "The Lost Hybrid Game" |access-date=2010-06-08 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101203182019/http://nfl.fanhouse.com/2006/12/07/football-history-101-the-lost-hybrid-game/ |archive-date=2010-12-03 }}

{{Australian rules football}}

{{Gridiron football concepts}}

{{Football codes}}

{{Hybrid sport}}

{{Team sports}}

Category:Variations of Australian rules football

Category:Variations of American football

Category:Sports originating in Australia

Category:Hybrid sports