Autumn Leaves (painting)
{{Short description|Painting by John Everet Millais}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2015}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2015}}
{{Infobox Artwork
| image_file=Millais leaves.jpg
| backcolor=#FBF5DF
| image_size=250px
| title= Autumn Leaves
| artist= John Everett Millais
| year= 1856
| medium=Oil on canvas
| height_metric=104
| width_metric=74
| height_imperial=
| width_imperial=
| metric_unit=cm
| imperial_unit=in
| city=Manchester
| museum=Manchester City Art Gallery
}}
Autumn Leaves (1856) is a painting by John Everett Millais exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1856. It was described by the critic John Ruskin as "the first instance of a perfectly painted twilight."{{Cite book|title=Pre-Raphaelitism: Lectures on Architecture & Painting, &c|last=Ruskin|first=John|publisher=Dent|year=1906|location=London|pages=220}} Millais's wife Effie wrote that he had intended to create a picture that was "full of beauty and without a subject".{{Cite book|title=Pre-Raphaelite Papers|last=Parris|first=Leslie|publisher=Tate Gallery|year=1984|isbn=0946590028|location=London|pages=137}}
The picture depicts four girls in the twilight collecting and raking together fallen leaves in a garden, a location now occupied by Rodney Gardens in Perth, Scotland. They are making a bonfire, but the fire itself is invisible, only smoke emerging from between the leaves. The two girls on the left, modelled on Millais's sisters-in-law Alice and Sophie Gray,Suzanne Fagence Cooper (2010) The Model Wife, chapter 12 are portrayed in middle-class clothing of the era; the two on the right are in rougher, working class clothing.
The painting has been seen as one of the earliest influences on the development of the aesthetic movement. Whistler's 'The White Girl': Painting, Poetry and Meaning, Robin Spencer, The Burlington Magazine, Vol. 140, No. 1142 (May, 1998), pp. 300-311
A sculpture in Rodney Gardens, known as "Millais Viewpoint", recreates the view through two lower corners of a picture frame, made of stone.[http://www.rampantscotland.com/visit/blvisitrodney.htm "Places to Visit in Scotland - Norie-Miller Park, Rodney Gardens, Bellwood Riverside Park, Perth"] – Rampant Scotland
Interpretations
The painting has typically been interpreted as a representation of the transience of youth and beauty, a common theme in Millais's art. Malcolm Warner argues that Millais was influenced by the poetry of Tennyson, at whose house he had once helped to rake together autumn leaves.{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/preraphaelites00tate|title=The Pre-Raphaelites.|others=Tate Gallery.|isbn=0713916389|location=London|oclc=11124508|url-access=registration}} Warner suggests that lines from Tennyson's song "Tears, Idle Tears" in The Princess (1847) may have influenced him:
:Tears, idle tears, I know not what they mean.
:Tears from the depth of some divine despair
:Rise in the heart, and gather to the eyes,
:In looking on the happy Autumn-fields,
:And thinking on the days that are no more.[http://www.usp.nus.edu.sg/victorian/painting/millais/paintings/ringel3.html Victorian Web: Nostalgic Intensity in Millais's Autumn Leaves] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070807185345/http://www.usp.nus.edu.sg/victorian/painting/millais/paintings/ringel3.html |date=7 August 2007 }}
The apple held by the youngest girl at the right may allude to the loss of childhood innocence implied by reference to original sin and the expulsion from the Garden of Eden.[http://www.usp.nus.edu.sg/victorian/painting/millais/paintings/simmons3.html Mortality, Purity, and Religious Contemplation in Autumn Leaves] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070807185504/http://www.usp.nus.edu.sg/victorian/painting/millais/paintings/simmons3.html |date=7 August 2007 }}
After a positive review from F.G. Stephens, Millais wrote to him that he had "intended the picture to awaken by its solemnity the deepest religious reflection. I chose the subject of burning leaves as most calculated to produce this feeling."National Gallery of Art, Washington, The Victorians: British Painting 1837-1901, p.73, 1997
''Millais Viewpoint''
File:Millais Viewpoint - geograph.org.uk - 128570.jpg|Millais Viewpoint sculpture, Rodney Gardens, Perth
See also
Notes
{{Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood}}
{{John Everett Millais|state=expanded}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Autumn Leaves (Painting)}}
Category:Paintings by John Everett Millais
Category:Collection of Manchester Art Gallery
Category:Paintings of children