Autumnal moth
{{short description|Species of moth}}
{{Speciesbox
| name = Autumnal moth
| image = Epirrita autumnata.jpg
| image2 = Epirrita autumnata, Autumnal Moth, Trawscoed, North Wales, Oct 2006 (20921883668).jpg
| taxon = Epirrita autumnata
| authority = (Borkhausen, 1794)
}}
The autumnal moth (Epirrita autumnata) is a moth of the family Geometridae. The species was first described by Moritz Balthasar Borkhausen in 1794. It is found throughout the Palearctic region and the Near East and has a much wider distribution than its two close relatives (see below). In Sápmi (Lapland), in some years, the numerous autumnal moth larvae defoliate square miles of birch forests on mountains.{{cite journal |author1=Haukioja, Erkki |author2=Hanhimäki, Sinikka |year=1985 |title=Rapid wound-induced resistance in white birch (Betula pubescens) foliage to the geometrid Epirrita autumnata: a comparison of trees and moths within and outside the outbreak range of the moth |journal=Oecologia |volume=65 |issue=2 |pages=223–232 |doi=10.1007/BF00379221 }}
Description
This species is very similar to the November moth, the small Autumnal moth, and the pale November moth, and identification is usually only possible by examining the genitalia.Martin C. Townsend, Jon Clifton and Brian Goodey (2010). [https://butterfly-conservation.org/uploads/Difficult_species_guide_page_30.pdf British and Irish Moths: An Illustrated Guide to Selected Difficult Species]. Butterfly Conservation. In general, this is the least variable of the four, with melanic forms occurring less often. It is also usually on the wing earlier in the year, flying in September and October,{{ref|flight_season}} although the flight seasons of all three species overlap.
The caterpillar feeds on a wide variety of trees and shrubs.Sadik Tuzun and Elizabeth Bent, 2006Hogan, C. Michael (2008). [http://globaltwitcher.auderis.se/artspec_information.asp?thingid=44736 "Douglas-fir: Pseudotsuga menziesii". globalTwitcher.com, ed. Nicklas Strõmberg] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090604021155/http://globaltwitcher.auderis.se/artspec_information.asp?thingid=44736 |date=2009-06-04 }} The species overwinters as an egg.
Subspecies
- E. a. altivagata
- E. a. autumnata
Notes
- {{Note|flight_season}} The flight season refers to the British Isles. This may vary in other parts of the range.
References
{{Reflist}}
- Chinery, Michael Collins Guide to the Insects of Britain and Western Europe 1986 (Reprinted 1991)
- Skinner, Bernard Colour Identification Guide to the Moths of the British Isles 1984
- Tuzun, Sadik & Bent, Elizabeth (2006). Multigenic and Induced Systemic Resistance in Plants, published by Birkhäuser, 521 pages {{ISBN|0-387-23265-6}}
External links
{{Commonscat|Epirrita autumnata}}
{{Wikispecies|Epirrita autumnata}}
- [https://www.ukmoths.org.uk/species/epirrita-autumnata/ Autumnal moth at UKMoths]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304045519/http://www.faunaeur.org/full_results.php?id=445096 Fauna Europaea]
- [http://www.lepiforum.de/lepiwiki.pl?Epirrita_Autumnata Lepiforum e.V.]
{{Taxonbar|from=Q2370188}}
{{Authority control}}