Login
Login

Ayyār

{{short description|Member of a historical warrior group in the region of Iran}}

{{other uses|Ayyar (disambiguation)}}

{{pp-pc}}

{{more citations needed|date=November 2017}}

Ayyār ({{langx|ar|عيار|ʿayyār}}, pl. ʿayyārūn; {{langx|fa|عیار|Ayyâr}}, pl. Ayyârân) refers to a person associated with a class of warriors in Iraq and Iran from the 9th to the 12th centuries. The word literally means vagabond.{{The History of al-Tabari | volume = 35| page = 66}}{{The History of al-Tabari | volume = 40 | page = xviii}}[https://books.google.com/books?id=dupvAwAAQBAJ&dq=ayyar+vagabond&pg=PA34] Hasan-i-Sabbah: His Life and Thought, page 34[https://iis.ac.uk/taxonomy/term/25106] The Institute of Ismaili Studies{{EI2 | volume = 1 | title = ʿAyyār | last = Taeschner | first = F. | page = 794 | doi =10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_0927}} Ayyars were associated with futuwwa, or medieval Islamic organizations located in cities.

Emergence

'Ayyarun are believed to predate Islam, since they are said to have distinct Iranian customs, and they were active in regions corresponding to the territories of the Sasanian Empire.{{cite web |title=ʿAYYĀR – Encyclopaedia Iranica |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/ayyar |website=www.iranicaonline.org |access-date=9 September 2019}} Most of the writing about them centers on their activities in Baghdad from the 10th to the 12th centuries. Baghdad was ruled by the Buyids (945–1055) back then. They did many terrible things such as extorting taxes on roads and markets, burning wealthy quarters and markets, and looting the homes of the rich by night. For several years (1028–33), al-Burjumi and Ibn al-Mawsili, leaders of the 'ayyarun, ruled the city due to governmental instability.{{citation needed|date=March 2023}}

See also

References

{{reflist}}

  • [http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/ayyar AYYĀR], Encyclopædia Iranica

External links

  • [http://0-www.search.eb.com.library.uor.edu/eb/article-9000475?query=Baghdad&ct=eb Library reference]{{dead link|date=October 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20041126221050/http://www-personal.une.edu.au/~hbrasted/islam/isglos01.html Word definition]
  • [http://www.al-baz.com/shaikhabdalqadir/Books_and_Text_of_Wisdom/Qala_id_Al-Jawahir/7_-_Qala_id_Al-Jawahir/7_-_qala_id_al-jawahir.htm Primary Source reference]
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20070417173942/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2003/634/bo2.htm Newspaper article]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ayyar}}

Category:Middle East

Category:Military units and formations of the medieval Islamic world

Category:Outlaws

Category:Medieval history of Iran