Az people

{{short description|Extinct Turkic people}}

{{more citations needed|date=July 2017}}

The Az were a Turkic-speaking people from present-day Russia whose origins are still vague. Their existence is confirmed by the Tannu-Ola mountains inscriptions of Mugur-Sargol and Bayan-Kol and certain verses of the Göktürks, while describing the battles between the Göktürks and the Kyrgyz. According to the Bayan-Kol inscriptions, the Az were divided to many clans living in the region of Mugur west of the Tannu-Ola mountains. There are also writings from the 8th century (around 714 AD) in Uyghur sources about the uprising of the Az against the Göktürks.

The origin of the Az is disputed; but most researchers agree that they are without much doubt a people of non-Turkic origin who were influenced by neighboring Turkic people and became Turkophones.

Most research has been done by Russian linguist experts who trace them as close ethnically to Ket people of Yenisei basin in Siberia due to similarities in name between {{langx|otk|𐰔:𐰉𐰆𐰑𐰣|az budïn}} and the Assans, who spoke an extinct Yeniseic Kott dialect.BARTHOLD Wilhelm, 12 Vorlesungen über die Geschichte der Türken Mittelasiens, Berlin, Arthur Collignon, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Islamkunde, 1935, p37 The primary information on their language was collected by Matthias Castrén in 1845, with further research and information added later by the anthropologist Dmitry Anuchin. Meanwhile, Az were also hypothesized to be Turkicized descendants of the Iranian-speakers, particularly Asiani-Wusun.Golden, P.B. (1992) "An Introduction to the History of the Turkic peoples" Turcologica 9. p. 53Kubrev, G.V. "A Runic Inscription at Kalbak-Tash II, Central Altai, with Reference to the Location of the Az Tribe" in Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia 44/4 (2016). p. 97-98 of 92–101

The name Az has been suggested to live on in the names of several other peoples of southern Siberia: the Kamas ("Mountain Az"), the Karagas ("Black Az" or "Plains Az"), and the Khakas ("White Az").{{cite book|first=Aulis J.|last=Joki|title=Die Lehnwörter des Sajansamojedischen|year=1952|location=Helsinki|pages=34–35}}Simoncsics, Péter. 1998. "Kamassian". The Uralic Languages, ed. Daniel Abondolo, pp. 580–601. However, Khakas is in fact an exonym constructed by the Soviets for Yenisei Kyrgyzes' descendants, based on {{lang-zh|t= 黠戛斯|p= Xiajiasi|labels= no}}, which actually transcribes the ancient endonym Kyrgyz.{{Cite journal |last=Kara |first=Dávid Somfai |author-link=Somfai Kara David |date=2018 |title=The Formation of Modern Turkic 'Ethnic' Groups in Central and Inner Asia |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26571579 |journal=The Hungarian Historical Review |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=98–110 |issn=2063-8647 |jstor=26571579 |quote=The remaining Turkic clans (Yenisei Kyrgyz) were called the Tatars of Minusinsk by the Russians, and soon this became their autonym (tadarlar). In Soviet times, their official name (exonym) changed. They became Khakas after their Chinese name “xiajiasi,” or Kyrgyz.}}