Bình Hòa massacre

{{More citations needed|date=May 2015}}{{Expand Korean|date=May 2021|topic=hist}}{{Infobox civilian attack

|title=Binh Hoa Massacre

|image=Location of Quang Ngai within Vietnam.png

|caption=Quảng Ngãi Province

|location=Bình Hòa village, Quảng Ngãi Province, South Vietnam

|target=Bình Hòa villagers

|date= {{start date and age|1966|12|6}}

|time=

|timezone=

|type=Massacre

|fatalities=422–430{{cite web|url=http://www.quangngai.gov.vn/quangngai/tiengviet/chuyennganh/sovhtt/1341721_2903/ |title=Sở văn hóa thông tin tỉnh Quảng Ngãi |publisher=Quảng Ngãi government |access-date=2011-07-09 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430045002/http://www.quangngai.gov.vn/quangngai/tiengviet/chuyennganh/sovhtt/1341721_2903/ |archive-date=April 30, 2011 }}

|perps= South Korean forces

}}

File:Memorial of Binh Hoa massacre.jpg

{{Campaignbox Vietnam War massacres}}

The Bình Hòa Massacre, ({{langx|vi|thảm sát Bình Hoà}}, {{langx|ko|빈호아 학살}}) was a massacre purportedly conducted by South Korean forces between December 3 and December 6, 1966, of 430 unarmed civilians in Bình Hòa village, Quảng Ngãi Province in South Vietnam.{{cite news|url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1tQtgo4hKsM&feature=feedf|title = On War extra - Vietnam's massacre survivors|newspaper = Al Jazeera|date = 2009-01-04|access-date = 2011-07-09|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150701175124/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1tQtgo4hKsM&feature=feedf|archive-date = 2015-07-01|url-status = live}}{{cite book|last=Wintle|first=Justin|title=Romancing Vietnam: inside the boat country|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=C953OFzcZUYC&q=Binh+Hoa+massacre&pg=PA260|publisher=Signal Books Ltd|page=266 |year= 2006 |isbn= 1-904955-15-0 |access-date= 2016-10-14 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160609174551/https://books.google.com/books?id=C953OFzcZUYC&pg=PA260&dq=Binh+Hoa+massacre&hl=en&ei=wE4YTrrWKoTmmAXv3Kkg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Binh%20Hoa%20massacre&f=false|archive-date= 2016-06-09 |url-status= dead }} In 2000, however, it was reported that a monument within the village, gave the dates of the massacre as October 22, 24, and 26, 1966 and said that 403 people were killed by the South Koreans.{{cite web|url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/754022/Villagers-recall-S-Korean-atrocities-in-Viet-War.html?pg=all|title=Villagers recall S. Korean atrocities in Viet War; Troops massacred 1,600 civilians in all, survivors say|author=Paul Alexander|publisher=Associated Press|date=April 9, 2000|access-date=March 19, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160329060224/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/754022/Villagers-recall-S-Korean-atrocities-in-Viet-War.html?pg=all|archive-date=March 29, 2016|url-status=dead}}

The district was in the operational area of the Blue Dragon Brigade.{{cite news|url = https://www.haebyeong.com/mchistory/99897|title = 신화를 남긴 해병대 '짜빈동 전투'|newspaper = 국방일보|date = 2011-02-15|access-date = 2024-09-10}} Most of the victims were children, elderly and women.{{cite web|url=http://www.quangngai.gov.vn/quangngai/english//homepage/20128761658_1995/|title=Bình Hòa Massacre|publisher=Quảng Ngãi government|access-date=2011-07-09|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110808080044/http://www.quangngai.gov.vn/quangngai/english/homepage/20128761658_1995/|archive-date=2011-08-08 }} More than half the victims were women (including seven who were pregnant) and 166 children.{{Cite news|url=http://www.scmp.com/news/asia/east-asia/article/2066768/korean-troops-killings-vietnam-still-unresolved|title=Korean troops' killings in Vietnam still unresolved|work=South China Morning Post|access-date=2018-06-07|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612140618/http://www.scmp.com/news/asia/east-asia/article/2066768/korean-troops-killings-vietnam-still-unresolved|archive-date=2018-06-12|url-status=live}} The South Korean soldiers burnt down all of the houses and killed hundreds of cows and buffalo after the atrocities. A number of the survivors of the massacre joined the Viet Cong and fought against the United States and its Allies, one of which was South Korea.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1wisoI-wP5MC|title=The My Lai Massacre in American History and Memory|last=Oliver|first=Kendrick|date=2006|publisher=Manchester University Press|isbn=9780719068911|page=11|language=en}} South Korean forces were also accused of conducting a similar massacre in Binh Tai village within the same year.{{cite news

|url = http://www.hani.co.kr/h21/vietnam/eng-jujoo.html

|title = Words of Condemnation and Drinks of Reconciliation Massacre in Vin Dinh Province All 380 People Turned into Dead Bodies Within an Hour.

|newspaper = Hankyoreh

|date = 1999-09-02

|access-date = 2011-07-09

|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110722140702/http://www.hani.co.kr/h21/vietnam/eng-jujoo.html

|archive-date = 2011-07-22

|url-status = live

}}{{cite book |last= Armstrong |first= Charles |title= Critical Asian Studies, Volume 33, Issue 4 :America's Korea, Korea's Vietnam |publisher= Routledge |page=530 |year=2001}}

The massacre was discussed when British journalist Justin Wintle visited Vietnam in the late 1980s, where the report on the massacre was disclosed to Western media.{{rp|12}}

Damage in Quang Ngai Province

The estimated number of civilians killed by the ROK military in Quang Ngai Province, including Binh Hoa Commune, during the Vietnam War is as follows:{{Cite book |last=Kyu-bong |first=Lee |title=미안해요! 베트남 |publisher=Blue History |year=2012 |isbn=978-89-94079-58-5 |trans-title=Sorry! Vietnam}}

class="wikitable"

|+Distribution of civilian deaths in Quang Ngai province killed by Korean troops

!Hyeon

!Location

!Estimated date of occurrence

!Dead

!Notes

rowspan="5" |Binseon Hyun

|Binh Duc Sa

|October 9, 1966 - March 26, 1967

|151

|

Binh Hoa Sa

|December 3, 1966 - December 6, 1966

|430

|Place of "Hate Memorial"

Binh An Sa

|Early 1967

|65

|

Binh Quyen Sa

|Early 1967

|30

|

Binh Hoang Sa

|Early 1967

|30

|

rowspan="12" |Suntin Hyun

|Con Lum Village

|August 14, 1966

|82

|

Phuc Binh Village

|October 9, 1966

|68

|

Binh Bac Village

|October - November 1966

|300

|

Dian Nien Village

|November 13, 1966

|112

|

Binh Loc Village

|November 13, 1966

|40

|

Ha Tai Village

|November 26, 1996

|20

|

Son Chau, Son Loc Sa

|December 1966

|200

|

An Binh, Dong Nhan Village

|Late 1966

|46

|

Minh Trung Village

|Late 1966

|30

|

An Tinh, Khanh Van Village

|August - September 1967

|30

|

Khung Loc Village

|September 30, 1969

|40

|

Son Kim Sa

|Unknown

|100

|

Citizens' Peace Tribunal

On April 22-23, 2018, several civil society organizations in South Korea, including the Lawyers for a Democratic Society and the Korea-Vietnam Peace Foundation, held the Citizens' Peace Tribunal for the Investigation of the Truth about the Massacre of Civilians by the Korean Army during the Vietnam War.{{Cite web |last=기자 |first=김한솔 |date=2018-04-19 |title=베트남전 민간인 학살 생존자들 “사과있어야 용서도 가능” |url=https://www.khan.co.kr/article/201804191500001 |access-date=2025-03-24 |website=경향신문 |language=ko}} In this Citizens' Peace Tribunal, Nguyen Thi Thanh, a survivor of the Phong Nhi and Phong Nhat massacres, and Nguyen Thi Thanh (with the same name), a survivor of the Ha My massacre, appeared as plaintiffs and sued the South Korean government for damages.{{Cite web |title=베트남전 한국군 민간인학살 시민평화법정 : 네이버 블로그 |url=https://blog.naver.com/tribunal4peace |access-date=2025-03-24 |website=blog.naver.com}} The court of the Citizens' Peace Tribunal accepted their claims, ruled for compensation according to the State Compensation Act, and recommended that the South Korean government conduct a fact-finding investigation.{{Cite web |title=2018. 4. 22. 선고된 약식 판결문 |url=https://blog.naver.com/PostView.nhn?blogId=tribunal4peace&logNo=221262364287&categoryNo=20&parentCategoryNo=-1&viewDate=¤tPage=&postListTopCurrentPage=&isAfterWrite=true |access-date=2025-03-24 |website=네이버 블로그 {{!}} 베트남전 한국군 민간인학살 시민평화법정 |language=ko}}{{Cite web |title=시민평화법정 "대한민국, 베트남학살 책임인정·배상하라" |url=https://www.lawtimes.co.kr/news/142409?serial=142409 |access-date=2025-03-24 |website=www.lawtimes.co.kr |language=ko}} The Citizens' Peace Tribunal is a mock trial and has no legal binding force, but was considered significant in declaring the massacre as a universal human rights issue. The Citizens' Peace Tribunal argued that a special law was needed to eliminate the statute of limitations.{{Cite web |date=2018-04-23 |title=정식재판 땐 소멸시효 난관…“특별법 추진” |url=https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/society/society_general/841619.html |access-date=2025-03-24 |website=한겨레 |language=ko}} In addition, Minbyun is currently in the process of filing a lawsuit requesting the disclosure of the Central Intelligence Agency's data that investigated the Phong Nhi and Phong Nhat massacre in 1968.{{Cite web |date=2018-04-25 |title=베트남 민간인 학살 어렵게 입 뗀 생존자 “참상 알려져서 다행” |url=https://www.seoul.co.kr/news/newsView.php?id=20180426009029&wlog_tag3=naver |access-date=2025-03-24 |website=서울신문 |language=ko}} The National Intelligence Service initially refused to disclose the information on the grounds of "diplomatic disadvantage," but when it received a court order to disclose it, it again refused to disclose the information on the grounds of "personal information."{{Cite web |last=고한솔 |date=2018-12-26 |title=[단독] 국정원 또 “베트남 민간인학살 정보 비공개”…법원 판단도 무력화 |url=https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/society/society_general/875786.html |access-date=2025-03-24 |website=한겨레 |language=ko}}

See also

References

{{Reflist}}

Further reading

  • Kim, Hyun Sook Lee. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160202093915/http://mtw160-198.ippl.jhu.edu/login?auth=0&type=summary&url=%2Fjournals%2Fpositions%2Fv009%2F9.3kim.pdf Korea's "Vietnam Question": War Atrocities, National Identity, and Reconciliation.] Positions: East Asia Cultures Critique, Volume 9, Number 3, Winter 2001, p. 622-635. E-ISSN 1527-8271