B3GAT1

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the glucuronyltransferase gene family. These enzymes exhibit strict acceptor specificity, recognizing nonreducing terminal sugars and their anomeric linkages. This gene product functions as the key enzyme in a glucuronyl transfer reaction during the biosynthesis of the carbohydrate epitope HNK-1 (human natural killer-1, also known as CD57 and LEU7). Alternate transcriptional splice variants have been characterized.

In anatomical pathology, CD57 (immunostaining) is similar to CD56 for use in differentiating neuroendocrine tumors from others.{{cite book | veditors = Dabbs DJ | title = Diagnostic immunohistochemistry: theranostic and genomic applications | vauthors = Wick MR | chapter = Chapter 11 – Immunohistology of the Mediastinum | date = 2010 | publisher = Saunders/Elsevier | location = Philadelphia, PA | isbn = 978-1-4160-5766-6 | pages = 345–6 | edition = 3rd | doi = 10.1016/B978-1-4160-5766-6.00015-7 }} Using immunohistochemistry, CD57 molecule can be demonstrated in around 10 to 20% of lymphocytes, as well as in some epithelial, neural, and chromaffin cells. Among lymphocytes, CD57 positive cells are typically either T cells or NK cells, and are most commonly found within the germinal centres of lymph nodes, tonsils, and the spleen.{{cite book | vauthors = Leong AS, Cooper K, Leong FJ | title = Manual of Diagnostic Antibodies for Immunohistology | date = 2003 | publisher = Greenwich Medical Media | location = London | isbn = 978-1-84110-100-2 | edition = 2nd | pages = 131–134 }}

There is an increase in the number of circulating CD57 positive cells in the blood of patients who have recently undergone organ or tissue transplants, especially of the bone marrow, and in patients with HIV. Increased CD57+ counts have also been reported in rheumatoid arthritis and Felty's syndrome, among other conditions. High levels of CD57 expression amongst circulating CD8+ T cells is associated with other markers of immune ageing (immunosenescence) and may be associated with increased cancer risk in renal transplant recipients.{{cite journal | vauthors = Bottomley MJ, Harden PN, Wood KJ | title = CD8+ Immunosenescence Predicts Post-Transplant Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma in High-Risk Patients | journal = Journal of the American Society of Nephrology | volume = 27 | issue = 5 | pages = 1505–1515 | date = May 2016 | pmid = 26563386 | pmc = 4849821 | doi = 10.1681/ASN.2015030250 }}

Neoplastic CD57 positive cells are seen in conditions as varied as large granular lymphocytic leukaemia, small-cell carcinoma, thyroid carcinoma, and neural and carcinoid tumours. Although the antigen is particularly common in carcinoid tumours, it is found in such a wide range of other conditions that it is of less use in distinguishing these tumours from others than more specific markers such as chromogranin and NSE.

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• {{cite journal | vauthors = Assouti M, Vynios DH, Anagnostides ST, Papadopoulos G, Georgakopoulos CD, Gartaganis SP | title = Collagen type IX and HNK-1 epitope in tears of patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome | journal = Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease | volume = 1762 | issue = 1 | pages = 54–58 | date = January 2006 | pmid = 16257185 | doi = 10.1016/j.bbadis.2005.09.005 | doi-access = free }}
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• {{MeshName|CD57+Antigen}}
• {{UCSC gene info|B3GAT1}}

{{PDB Gallery|geneid=27087}}

{{Clusters of differentiation}}

{{Clusters of differentiation by lineage}}

{{Glycosyltransferases}}

Category:Clusters of differentiation