B4GALT4
{{Short description|Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens}}
{{Infobox_gene}}
Beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the B4GALT4 gene.{{cite journal | vauthors = Lo NW, Shaper JH, Pevsner J, Shaper NL | title = The expanding beta 4-galactosyltransferase gene family: messages from the databanks | journal = Glycobiology | volume = 8 | issue = 5 | pages = 517–26 |date=Aug 1998 | pmid = 9597550 | doi =10.1093/glycob/8.5.517 | doi-access = }}{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: B4GALT4 UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,4- galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 4| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=8702}}
This gene is one of seven beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase (beta4GalT) genes. They encode type II membrane-bound glycoproteins that appear to have exclusive specificity for the donor substrate UDP-galactose; all transfer galactose in a beta1,4 linkage to similar acceptor sugars: GlcNAc, Glc, and Xyl. Each beta4GalT has a distinct function in the biosynthesis of different glycoconjugates and saccharide structures. As type II membrane proteins, they have an N-terminal hydrophobic signal sequence that directs the protein to the Golgi apparatus and which then remains uncleaved to function as a transmembrane anchor. By sequence similarity, the beta4GalTs form four groups: beta4GalT1 and beta4GalT2, beta4GalT3 and beta4GalT4, beta4GalT5 and beta4GalT6, and beta4GalT7. The enzyme encoded by this gene appears to mainly play a role in glycolipid biosynthesis. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene.
References
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External links
- {{UCSC gene info|B4GALT4}}
Further reading
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- {{cite journal | vauthors=Amado M, Almeida R, Schwientek T, Clausen H |title=Identification and characterization of large galactosyltransferase gene families: galactosyltransferases for all functions. |journal=Biochim. Biophys. Acta |volume=1473 |issue= 1 |pages= 35–53 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10580128 |doi= 10.1016/S0304-4165(99)00168-3}}
- {{cite journal | vauthors=Kalyanaraman VS, Rodriguez V, Veronese F |title=Characterization of the secreted, native gp120 and gp160 of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1. |journal=AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses |volume=6 |issue= 3 |pages= 371–80 |year= 1990 |pmid= 2187500 |doi=10.1089/aid.1990.6.371 |display-authors=etal|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1235229 }}
- {{cite journal | vauthors=Pal R, Hoke GM, Sarngadharan MG |title=Role of oligosaccharides in the processing and maturation of envelope glycoproteins of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=86 |issue= 9 |pages= 3384–8 |year= 1989 |pmid= 2541446 |doi=10.1073/pnas.86.9.3384 | pmc=287137 |bibcode=1989PNAS...86.3384P |doi-access=free }}
- {{cite journal | vauthors=Dewar RL, Vasudevachari MB, Natarajan V, Salzman NP |title=Biosynthesis and processing of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoproteins: effects of monensin on glycosylation and transport |journal=J. Virol. |volume=63 |issue= 6 |pages= 2452–6 |year= 1989 |pmid= 2542563 |doi= 10.1128/jvi.63.6.2452-2456.1989| pmc=250699 }}
- {{cite journal | vauthors=Kozarsky K, Penman M, Basiripour L |title=Glycosylation and processing of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope protein |journal=J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. |volume=2 |issue= 2 |pages= 163–9 |year= 1989 |pmid= 2649653 |display-authors=etal}}
- {{cite journal | vauthors=Robinson WE, Montefiori DC, Mitchell WM |title=Evidence that mannosyl residues are involved in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) pathogenesis |journal=AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses |volume=3 |issue= 3 |pages= 265–82 |year= 1988 |pmid= 2829950 |doi=10.1089/aid.1987.3.265 }}
- {{cite journal | vauthors=Schwientek T, Almeida R, Levery SB |title=Cloning of a novel member of the UDP-galactose:beta-N-acetylglucosamine beta1,4-galactosyltransferase family, beta4Gal-T4, involved in glycosphingolipid biosynthesis |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=273 |issue= 45 |pages= 29331–40 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9792633 |doi=10.1074/jbc.273.45.29331 |display-authors=etal|doi-access=free }}
- {{cite journal | vauthors=Suzuki Y, Tsunoda T, Sese J |title=Identification and Characterization of the Potential Promoter Regions of 1031 Kinds of Human Genes |journal=Genome Res. |volume=11 |issue= 5 |pages= 677–84 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11337467 |doi= 10.1101/gr.gr-1640r| pmc=311086 |display-authors=etal}}
- {{cite journal | vauthors=Guo S, Sato T, Shirane K, Furukawa K |title=Galactosylation of N-linked oligosaccharides by human beta-1,4-galactosyltransferases I, II, III, IV, V, and VI expressed in Sf-9 cells |journal=Glycobiology |volume=11 |issue= 10 |pages= 813–20 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11588157 |doi=10.1093/glycob/11.10.813 |doi-access=free }}
- {{cite journal | vauthors=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899–903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 | pmc=139241 |display-authors=etal |bibcode=2002PNAS...9916899M|doi-access=free }}
- {{cite journal | vauthors=Clark HF, Gurney AL, Abaya E |title=The Secreted Protein Discovery Initiative (SPDI), a Large-Scale Effort to Identify Novel Human Secreted and Transmembrane Proteins: A Bioinformatics Assessment |journal=Genome Res. |volume=13 |issue= 10 |pages= 2265–70 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12975309 |doi= 10.1101/gr.1293003 | pmc=403697 |display-authors=etal}}
- {{cite journal | vauthors=Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T |title=Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=36 |issue= 1 |pages= 40–5 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14702039 |doi= 10.1038/ng1285 |display-authors=etal|doi-access=free }}
- {{cite journal | vauthors=Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA |title=The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2121–7 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489334 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2596504 | pmc=528928 |display-authors=etal}}
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