BBCH-scale (faba bean)
{{Short description|Scale describing the phenological development of faba beans}}
In biology, the BBCH-scale for faba beans describes the phenological development of faba beans using the BBCH-scale.
The phenological growth stages and BBCH-identification keys of faba beans are:
| class="wikitable" style="clear"
!Growth stage!!Code!!Description | |
| rowspan="7" style="vertical-align:top"|0: Germination
|00 | Dry seed |
| 01 | Beginning of seed imbibition |
| 03 | Seed imbibition complete |
| 05 | Radicle emerged from seed |
| 07 | Shoot emerged from seed (plumule apparent) |
| 08 | Shoot growing towards soil surface |
| 09 | Emergence: shoot emerges through soil surface |
| rowspan="6" style="vertical-align:top"|1: Leaf development1
|10 | Pair of scale leaves visible (may be eaten or lost) |
| 11 | First leaf unfolded |
| 12 | 2 leaves unfolded |
| 13 | 3 leaves unfolded |
| 1 . | Stages continuous till ... |
| 19 | 9 or more leaves unfolded |
| rowspan="6" style="vertical-align:top"|2: Formation of side shoots
|20 | No side shoots |
| 21 | Beginning of side shoot development: first side shoot detectable |
| 22 | 2 side shoots detectable |
| 23 | 3 side shoots detectable |
| 2 . | Stages continuous till ... |
| 29 | End of side shoot development: 9 or more side shoots detectable |
| rowspan="6" style="vertical-align:top"|3: Stem elongation
|30 | Beginning of stem elongation |
| 31 | One visibly extended internode2 |
| 32 | 2 visibly extended internodes |
| 33 | 3 visibly extended internodes |
| 3 . | Stages continuous till ... |
| 39 | 9 or more visibly extended internodes |
| rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top"|5: Inflorescence emergence
|50 | Flower buds present, still enclosed by leaves |
| 51 | First flower buds visible outside leaves |
| 55 | First individual flower buds visible outside leaves but still closed |
| 59 | First petals visible, many individual flower buds, still closed |
| rowspan="6" style="vertical-align:top"|6: Flowering
|60 | First flowers open |
| 61 | Flowers open on first raceme |
| 63 | Flowers open 3 racemes per plant |
| 65 | Full flowering: flowers open on 5 racemes per plant |
| 67 | Flowering declining |
| 69 | End of flowering |
| rowspan="10" style="vertical-align:top"|7: Development of fruit
|70 | First pods have reached final length (“flat pod”) |
| 71 | 10% of pods have reached final length |
| 72 | 20% of pods have reached final length |
| 73 | 30% of pods have reached final length |
| 74 | 40% of pods have reached final length |
| 75 | 50% of pods have reached final length |
| 76 | 60% of pods have reached final length |
| 77 | 70% of pods have reached final length |
| 78 | 80% of pods have reached final length |
| 79 | Nearly all pods have reached final length |
| rowspan="10" style="vertical-align:top"|8: Ripening
|80 | Beginning of ripening: seed green, filling pod cavity |
| 81 | 10% of pods ripe, seeds dry and hard |
| 82 | 20% of pods ripe, seeds dry and hard |
| 83 | 30% of pods ripe and dark, seeds dry and hard |
| 84 | 40% of pods ripe and dark, seeds dry and hard |
| 85 | 50% of pods ripe and dark, seeds dry and hard |
| 86 | 60% of pods ripe and dark, seeds dry and hard |
| 87 | 70% of pods ripe and dark, seeds dry and hard |
| 88 | 80% of pods ripe and dark, seeds dry and hard |
| 89 | Fully ripe: nearly all pods dark, seeds dry and hard |
| rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top"|9: Senescence
|93 | Stems begin to darken |
| 95 | 50% of stems brown or black |
| 97 | Plant dead and dry |
| 99 | Harvested product |
1 Stem elongation may occur earlier than stage 19; in this case continue with the principal stage 3
2 First internode extends from the scale leaf node to the first true leaf node
References
- {{cite journal
| last = Lancashire
| first = P.D.
|author2=H. Bleiholder |author3=P. Langeluddecke |author4=R. Stauss |author5=T. van den Boom |author6=E. Weber |author7=A. Witzen-Berger
| title = A uniform decimal code for growth stages of crops and weeds
| journal = Ann. Appl. Biol.
| volume = 119
| pages = 561–601.
| date = 1991
| doi = 10.1111/j.1744-7348.1991.tb04895.x
| issue = 3
}}
- {{cite journal
| last = Weber
| first = E.
|author2=H. Bleiholder
| title = Erläuterungen zu den BBCH-Dezimal-Codes für die Entwicklungsstadien von Mais, Raps, Faba-Bohne, Sonnenblume und Erbse - mit Abbildungen
| journal = Gesunde Pflanzen
| volume = 42
| pages = 308–321
| date = 1990
}}