BG Indi
{{Short description|Star system}}
{{Starbox begin}}
{{Starbox image
| image = 250px
| caption = Light curves from TESS data for the two eclipsing binaries comprising BG Indi, adapted from Borkovits et al. (2021)
}}
{{Starbox observe
|constell=Indus
|epoch=J2000
|ra={{RA|21|58|30.04050}}{{cite DR2|6410494364389396992}}
|appmag_v=6.141{{cite journal|title=The Tycho-2 catalogue of the 2.5 million brightest stars|author=Høg, E.|display-authors=etal|date=2000|journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics|volume=355|pages=L27–L30|bibcode=2000A&A...355L..27H}} (6.11 - 6.36)
}}
{{Starbox character
|variable=Algol
}}
{{Starbox astrometry
|prop_mo_ra=24.729
|parallax=19.5917
|p_error=0.2028
|absmag_v=2.45 / 3.02 / 7.23 / 7.83
|absmag_bol=2.45 / 3.04 / 6.72 / 7.09
}}
{{Starbox orbit
|primary=BG Ind A
|name=BG Ind B
|period={{val|720.9|+3.4|-3.1}} d
|axis_unitless={{solar radius|{{val|540.4|+2.7|−2.2}}}}
|eccentricity={{val|0.209|+0.028|−0.048}}
|periarg={{val|1.6|+9.2|−8.8}}
|inclination={{val|85.5|+3.1|−6.3}}
|periastron={{val|2458699|+14|−21}}
|k1={{val|12.57|+0.17|−0.24}}
|k2={{val|26.02|+0.31|−0.50}}
}}
{{Starbox orbit
|primary=BG Ind Aa
|name=BG Ind Ab
|period=1.464065(2) d
|axis_unitless={{solar radius|{{val|7.602|+0.038|−0.043}}}}
|eccentricity=0
|inclination={{val|73.27|+0.06|−0.13}}
|periastron={{val|2458326.1362|+0.0011|−0.0012}}This refers to the epoch of primary transit.
|k1={{val|120.47|+1.12|−0.75}}
|k2={{val|130.99|+0.48|−0.50}}
}}
{{Starbox orbit
|primary=BG Ind Ba
|name=BG Ind Bb
|period=0.528349(2) d
|axis_unitless={{solar radius|{{val|3.025|+0.011|−0.016}}}}
|eccentricity=0
|inclination={{val|84.29|+0.85|−0.87}}
|periastron={{val|2458325.8072|+0.0025|−0.0022}}
|k1={{val|138.98|+1.23|−1.39}}
|k2={{val|149.25|+1.09|−1.13}}
}}
{{Starbox detail
|component1=κ1 Ind Aa
|mass={{val|1.432|+0.015|−0.024}}
|radius={{val|2.339|+0.016|−0.021}}
|temperature={{val|6442|+29|−28}}
|luminosity_bolometric={{val|8.433|+0.199|−0.169}}
|gravity={{val|3.852|+0.011|−0.005}}
|component2=κ1 Ind Ab
|mass2={{val|1.315|+0.026|−0.023}}
|radius2={{val|1.592|+0.047|−0.019}}
|temperature2={{val|6816|26}}
|luminosity_bolometric2={{val|4.934|+0.279|−0.179}}
|gravity2={{val|4.150|+0.007|−0.016}}
}}
{{Starbox detail
|no_heading=y
|component1=κ1 Ind Ba
|mass={{val|0.688|+0.008|−0.011}}
|radius={{val|0.642|+0.005|−0.007}}
|temperature={{val|4609|+48|−49}}
|luminosity_bolometric={{val|0.167|0.009}}
|gravity={{val|4.660|+0.003|−0.002}}
|component2=κ1 Ind Bb
|mass2={{val|0.640|+0.010|−0.011}}
|radius2={{val|0.611|+0.008|−0.009}}
|temperature2={{val|4327|+62|−57}}
|luminosity_bolometric2={{val|0.118|0.009}}
|gravity2={{val|4.672|0.004}}
}}
{{Starbox catalog
|names={{odlist|B=κ1 Ind|V=BG Ind|HD=208496|CD=-59°7830|FK5=3752|HIP=108478|HR=8369|SAO=247247}}{{cite simbad|title=* kap01 Ind|accessdate=2021-07-17}}
}}
{{Starbox reference
|Simbad=kap01+Ind
}}
{{Starbox end}}
BG Indi, also known as κ1 Indi (Kappa1 Indi) is a multiple star system in the southern constellation of Indus. Its average apparent magnitude is 6.141, meaning it can only be seen by the naked eye under exceptionally good viewing conditions. Stellar parallax measurements by Gaia put the system at about 166 light-years (51 parsecs) away.
Nomenclature
The star system is most commonly known as BG Indi. BG Indi is its variable star designation, a unique name given to variable stars based on its constellation and when it was discovered to be a variable.{{cite journal|doi=10.1134/S1063772917010085|title=General catalogue of variable stars: Version GCVS 5.1|year=2017|last1=Samus'|first1=N. N.|last2=Kazarovets|first2=E. V.|last3=Durlevich|first3=O. V.|last4=Kireeva|first4=N. N.|last5=Pastukhova|first5=E. N.|journal=Astronomy Reports|volume=61|issue=1|pages=80–88|bibcode=2017ARep...61...80S|s2cid=125853869}} It also has the name κ1 Indi (Latinized to Kappa1 Indi), which is its Bayer designation.
Properties
BG Indi consists of four stars in two compact, orbiting pairs. The brighter pair is known as BG Indi A, and consists of two F-type main-sequence stars Aa and Ab. As F-type stars, they are more massive, larger, and hotter than the Sun, and with a metallicity of −0.2 ± 0.1, it is less metal-rich than the Sun. BG Indi is about 2.65 billion years old, and is just starting to leave the main sequence.{{cite journal|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18567.x|title=Absolute properties of BG Ind - a bright F3 system just leaving the main sequence|year=2011|last1=Rozyczka|first1=M.|last2=Kaluzny|first2=J.|last3=Pych|first3=W.|last4=Konacki|first4=M.|last5=Małek|first5=K.|last6=Mankiewicz|first6=L.|last7=Sokołowski|first7=M.|last8=Żarnecki|first8=A. F.|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|volume=414|issue=3|pages=2479–2485|doi-access=free |arxiv=1010.1355|bibcode=2011MNRAS.414.2479R|s2cid=118422112}}
BG Indi Aa and Ab orbit each other on a circular orbit, with a period of 1.46 days. Periodically, one star passes in front of the other, blocking its light. Therefore, the apparent magnitude varies from 6.11 to 6.36. Its status as an eclipsing binary was confirmed by J. Manfroid and G. Mathys in 1984.{{cite journal|title=The Bright Eclipsing Binary HD 208496|last1=Manfroid|first1=J.|last2=Mathys|first2=G.|journal=Information Bulletin on Variable Stars|number=2616|date=1984|volume=2616|page=1|bibcode=1984IBVS.2616....1M}}
The other two stars, BG Indi Ba and Bb, form the pair BG Indi B. Both are less massive than the Sun, and orbit each other on a tighter orbit with a period of 0.53 days. Collectively, BG Indi A and B orbit each other with a period of 720.9 days with a moderate eccentricity of 0.209. All three orbits are likely to be more or less coplanar. BG Indi is the nearest quadruple star system consisting of two eclipsing binaries.{{cite journal|doi=10.1093/mnras/stab621|title=BG Ind: The nearest doubly eclipsing, compact hierarchical quadruple system|year=2021|last1=Borkovits|first1=T.|last2=Rappaport|first2=S. A.|last3=Maxted|first3=P F L.|last4=Terentev|first4=I.|last5=Omohundro|first5=M.|last6=Gagliano|first6=R.|last7=Jacobs|first7=T.|last8=Kristiansen|first8=M. H.|last9=Lacourse|first9=D.|last10=Schwengeler|first10=H. M.|last11=Vanderburg|first11=A.|last12=Blackford|first12=M. G.|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|volume=503|issue=3|pages=3759–3774|doi-access=free |arxiv=2103.00925}}
Notes
{{reflist|group=note}}