Bade language

Bade is classified under the following categories: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, B, B.1, Bade Proper.

While historical information about the Bade language is limited in scope, many words in the Bade language take root in the Kanuri language.{{Cite journal |last=Schuh |first=R.G. |date=2003 |title=The linguistic influence of Kanuri on Bade and Ngizim |url=http://aflang.linguistics.ucla.edu/Bade/Papers/Kanuri_Bade_Ngizim.pdf |journal=Maiduguri Journal of Linguistic and Literary Studies |pages=55–89 |via=aflang.linguistics.ucla.edu}} The Kanuri language is primarily spoken in West Africa, including: Nigeria and Chad. Bade and Ngizim have borrowed a number of words from the Kanuri language. According to traditional accounts, the Bade language itself originates from the Badr of Yemen and Muhammad purportedly drove the Bade people out after a failure to pray. Currently, as one of the many Nigerian endangered languages, bade serves as a local dialect. In general, Nigerian languages comprise the wealth of linguistic diversity that exists in the country.{{Cite journal |last=Brann |first=Conrad Max Benedict |date=December 1993 |title=Democratisation of Language Use in Public Domains in Nigeria |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=31 |issue=4 |pages=639–656 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00012283 |issn=0022-278X |s2cid=155020713}} Over the years, colonization has also played a role in the deteroriation of local languages, which Bade happens to be among, that for now, most of the Bade villages are becoming Hausa speaking villages.{{Cite journal |last=Novak |first=Amy |date=2008 |title=Who speaks? Who listens?: The problem of address in two Nigerian trauma novels |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/246610 |journal=Studies in the Novel |volume=40 |issue=1–2 |pages=31–51 |doi=10.1353/sdn.0.0013 |s2cid=49386578}}

The speakers of the Bade language are centered in Nigeria. It is spoken in the northern part of Yobe State, Nigeria.{{Cite web |last=Schuh |first=Russell |date=2009 |title=The Ngizim Language |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120213033139/http://aflang.humnet.ucla.edu/Ngizim/ngizim.html |archive-date=2012-02-13 |url=http://aflang.humnet.ucla.edu/Ngizim/ngizim.html |website=aflang.linguistics.ucla.edu}}

The language is not the official language of Nigeria or any other country.

There are three dialects of the Bade language that coincide with regions:

• Gashua Bade (Mazgarwa)
• Southern Bade (Bade-Kado)
• Western Bade (Amshi, Maagwaram, Shirawa)

Most West Chadic languages have a similar consonant inventory separated into eight major groups: labialized laryngeal, laryngeal, labialized velar, velar, lateral, alveopalatal, alveolar, and labial.{{Cite web |last=Schuh |first=Russell |date=2002 |title=Overview of Bade/Ngizim of Phonology |url=http://aflang.linguistics.ucla.edu/people/schuh/Bade_Ngizim/Handout_02.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804220717/http://aflang.linguistics.ucla.edu/people/schuh/Bade_Ngizim/Handout_02.pdf |archive-date=2017-08-04 |website=aflang.linguistics.ucla.edu}} In the Bade/Ngizim languages, the glottal stop plays no role, but the vowel hiatus relies on elision and coalescence. The sounds also feature a "yawning" and has a shift from fricative to stop.

• {{IPAslink|r}} may also be heard as a flap {{IPAblink|ɾ}}.
• {{IPA|/ɗ̠ʲ/}} may also be heard as {{IPA|[ˀj]}}.

The grammar for the Bade language is consistent with the Ngizim language.

The Bade/Ngizim languages slightly differ from other Chadic languages. Bade and Ngizim have long vowels in closed syllables. Mid vowels also have a restricted use compared to other vowels. Mid vowels will rather appear as loanwords from other languages. The language preserves diphthongs in both native and loanwords.

The Bade language has strong influence from the Kanuri language. There are many loanwords from Kanuri to West Chadic languages, including Bade.{{Cite web |last=Schuh |first=Russell |date=2002 |title=The Phonology and Morphology of Bade and Ngizim |url=http://aflang.linguistics.ucla.edu/people/schuh/Bade_Ngizim/00bade_ngizim.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180320100942/http://aflang.linguistics.ucla.edu/people/schuh/Bade_Ngizim/00bade_ngizim.html |archive-date=2018-03-20 |access-date=2017-06-26 |website=aflang.linguistics.ucla.edu}} Bade is commonly grouped with the Ngizim language. As an example, the word "healthy" is {{lang|kr|nga}} in the Kanuri language and {{lang|ngi|ngā}} in the Ngizim language. More recently, the Hausa language has influenced the Bade language.{{Cite web |last=Schuh |first=Russell |date=1997 |title=Changes in Obstruent Voicing in Bade/Ngizim |url=http://aflang.linguistics.ucla.edu/people/schuh/Bade_Ngizim/Bade_Ng_voice_changes.pdf |website=aflang.linguistics.ucla.edu |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826065629/http://aflang.linguistics.ucla.edu/people/schuh/Bade_Ngizim/Bade_Ng_voice_changes.pdf |archive-date=2018-08-26}}

{{one source section|date=July 2024}}

Below are some fish names of the Hadejia-Nguru wetlands in Bade, along with their Hausa and Manga Kanuri equivalent names. Note that many of the species have not been observed recently, due to the drying up of the region.{{Cite web |last=Blench |first=Roger |date=2020-04-08 |version=Draft |title=Changing fisheries ecology in the Hadejia-Nguru wetlands |url=http://www.rogerblench.info/Ethnoscience/Animals/Fish/HJWP%20fish.pdf |website=Roger Blench |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106184518/http://www.rogerblench.info/Ethnoscience/Animals/Fish/HJWP%20fish.pdf |archive-date=2023-11-06}}{{self-published inline|date=July 2024}}

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The Bade language uses a Latin script writing script.

The letter R̃ is only used in the Gashua dialect.

{{Reflist}}

• {{Cite book |last=Dagona |first=Bala Wakili |title=Bade-English-Hausa dictionary: (western dialect) |last2=Schuh |first2=Russell G |date=2009 |publisher=Ajami |oclc=65213389 |lang=Bade, en, ha |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041103194514/http://www.humnet.ucla.edu/humnet/aflang/Yobe/Dictionaries/Wbade_english_hausa.pdf |archive-date=2004-11-03 |url=http://www.humnet.ucla.edu/humnet/aflang/Yobe/Dictionaries/Wbade_english_hausa.pdf}}

• {{Cite journal |last=Schuh |first=Russell G. |year=1977 |title=Bade/Ngizim determiner system |journal=Afroasiatic Linguistics |volume=4 |issue=3 |pages=1–74 |url=https://archive.org/details/SchuhBadeNgizimDeterminativeSystem1977/page/n1/mode/2up}}

• [http://aflang.linguistics.ucla.edu/Bade/bade.html UCLA resources on the Bade language] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20161128060030/http://aflang.linguistics.ucla.edu/Bade/bade.html |date=2016-11-28 }}
• [http://aflang.linguistics.ucla.edu/Bade/Papers/WB_morphology.pdf Bade phonology and morphology]
• [http://aflang.linguistics.ucla.edu/Yobe/Dictionaries/Gbade_english_bade.pdf Bade word list]
• [http://aflang.linguistics.ucla.edu/Yobe/Dictionaries/Gbade_english_hausa.pdf Bade-English-Hausa Dictionary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161128201111/http://aflang.linguistics.ucla.edu/Yobe/Dictionaries/Gbade_english_hausa.pdf |date=2016-11-28 }}
• [http://www.language-archives.org/language/bde OLAC resources in and about the Bade language]

{{Languages of Nigeria}}

{{West Chadic languages}}

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Category:West Chadic languages

Category:Languages of Nigeria

Category:Tonal languages