Baker, California

Baker was founded as a station on the Tonopah and Tidewater Railroad in 1908 and was named for Richard C. Baker, business partner of Francis Marion Smith in building the railroad. Baker later became president of the T&T himself.{{cite book | last = Bright | first = William | year = 1998 | title = 1500 California Place Names: Their Origin and Meaning | location = Berkeley, California | publisher = University of California Press | isbn = 0-520-21271-1 | page = 20 }}{{cite book |last=Hildebrand |first=George Herbert |year=1982 |title=Borax Pioneer: Francis Marion Smith |location=San Diego |publisher=Howell-North Books |page=[https://archive.org/details/boraxpioneerfran00hild/page/89 89] |isbn=0-8310-7148-6 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/boraxpioneerfran00hild/page/89 }}

Baker was established in 1929 by Ralph Jacobus Fairbanks (1857–1942), who was an American prospector, entrepreneur, and pioneer who established several towns in the Death Valley area of California, including Fairbanks Springs (1904–05) and Shoshone (1910).

It is the site of a vacant, 223-bed for-profit prison formerly operated by Cornell Corrections which experienced a major riot on December 2, 2003, four weeks before it was temporarily closed.[http://www.8newsnow.com/story/1549434/prison-riot-investigation-underway Prison Riot Investigation Underway] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414062945/http://www.8newsnow.com/story/1549434/prison-riot-investigation-underway |date=April 14, 2015 }}, KLAS-TV, December 3, 2003. Retrieved 8 April 2015. It was permanently closed on December 25, 2009. GEO Group purchased Cornell Companies, its owner, on August 12, 2010.[http://www.dof.ca.gov/osae/audit_reports/documents/bakercommunitycorrectionalfacility.pdf Final Audit Report—Baker Community Correctional Facility, Contract R05.006] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314161549/http://www.dof.ca.gov/osae/audit_reports/documents/BakerCommunityCorrectionalFacility.pdf |date=2016-03-14 }}, State of California Department of Finance, April 11, 2011. Retrieved 25 February 2016. It had previously experienced escapes in August and November 1995 and two on July 15, 1997.[http://corrections.oregonafscme.com/private/recent_escapes_from_private_pris.htm Recent escapes from private prisons 1995-2000] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118091123/http://corrections.oregonafscme.com/private/recent_escapes_from_private_pris.htm |date=2012-01-18 }}, Oregon AFSCME, 2000. Retrieved 25 February 2016.

Baker is located in the Mojave Desert at the junction of Interstate 15 and SR 127 (Death Valley Road). Its elevation is approximately {{convert|930|ft|m|1}} above sea level, which is much lower than either Barstow or Las Vegas, due to its location at the southern end of the Death Valley geological depression. The Cronese Mountains are located southwest of the community. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP covers an area of 2.7 square miles (7.0 km{{sup|2}}), all of it land.

Summer temperatures in Baker routinely exceed {{convert|110|°F|°C|1}}; 2007 saw a record of {{convert|125|°F|°C|1}}.

{{Weather box|location = Baker, California

|single line = Y

|collapsed = Y

|precipitation colour = green

|Jan record high F = 80

|Feb record high F = 92

|Mar record high F = 96

|Apr record high F = 106

|May record high F = 116

|Jun record high F = 119

|Jul record high F = 124

|Aug record high F = 124

|Sep record high F = 119

|Oct record high F = 110

|Nov record high F = 92

|Dec record high F = 82

|year record high F = 124

|Jan high F = 63.1

|Feb high F = 68.6

|Mar high F = 76.8

|Apr high F = 84.3

|May high F = 94.9

|Jun high F = 104.8

|Jul high F = 110.2

|Aug high F = 107.9

|Sep high F = 100.2

|Oct high F = 87.1

|Nov high F = 72.6

|Dec high F = 62.4

|year high F = 86.1

|Jan low F = 34.6

|Feb low F = 39.4

|Mar low F = 45.6

|Apr low F = 51.7

|May low F = 61.3

|Jun low F = 70.2

|Jul low F = 77.0

|Aug low F = 75.4

|Sep low F = 67.2

|Oct low F = 54.7

|Nov low F = 42.8

|Dec low F = 33.9

|year low F = 54.5

|Jan record low F = 16

|Feb record low F = 21

|Mar record low F = 24

|Apr record low F = 34

|May record low F = 38

|Jun record low F = 43

|Jul record low F = 53

|Aug record low F = 54

|Sep record low F = 42

|Oct record low F = 32

|Nov record low F = 23

|Dec record low F = 14

|year record low F = 14

|Jan precipitation inch = 0.47

|Feb precipitation inch = 0.71

|Mar precipitation inch = 0.51

|Apr precipitation inch = 0.20

|May precipitation inch = 0.11

|Jun precipitation inch = 0.07

|Jul precipitation inch = 0.27

|Aug precipitation inch = 0.46

|Sep precipitation inch = 0.41

|Oct precipitation inch = 0.25

|Nov precipitation inch = 0.31

|Dec precipitation inch = 0.41

|year precipitation inch = 4.19

|source 1 = The Western Regional Climate Center{{cite web

| url =http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliMAIN.pl?ca0436| title =Seasonal Temperature and Precipitation Information | access-date =December 12, 2014 | publisher =Western Regional Climate Center }}

|date=December 2014

}}

{{US Census population

| 2010 = 735

| 2020 = 442

|align-fn=center

|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census/decade.html|title=Decennial Census by Decade|website=United States Census Bureau|access-date=}}
1850–1870{{Cite web|title= 1870 Census of Population - Population of Civil Divisions less than Counties - California - Almeda County to Sutter County |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1870/population/1870a-12.pdf|website=United States Census Bureau}}{{Cite web|title= 1870 Census of Population - Population of Civil Divisions less than Counties - California - Tehama County to Yuba County |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1870/population/1870a-13.pdf|website=United States Census Bureau}} 1880-1890{{Cite web|title= 1890 Census of Population - Population of California by Minor Civil Divisions |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1890/bulletins/demographics/134-population-of-ca.pdf|website=United States Census Bureau}}
1900{{Cite web|title= 1900 Census of Population - Population of California by Counties and Minor Civil Divisions |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1900/bulletins/demographic/10-population-ca.pdf|website=United States Census Bureau}} 1910{{Cite web|title= 1910 Census of Population - Supplement for California |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1910/abstract/supplement-ca.pdf|website=United States Census Bureau}} 1920{{Cite web|title= 1920 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1920/bulletins/demographics/population-ca-number-of-inhabitants.pdf|website=United States Census Bureau}}
1930{{Cite web|title= 1930 Census of Population - Number and Distribution of Inhabitants - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1930/population-volume-1/03815512v1ch03.pdf|website=United States Census Bureau}} 1940{{Cite web|title= 1940 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1940/population-volume-1/33973538v1ch03.pdf|website=United States Census Bureau}} 1950{{Cite web|title= 1950 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1950/population-volume-1/vol-01-08.pdf|website=United States Census Bureau}}
1960{{Cite web|title= 1960 Census of Population - General population Characteristics - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1960/population-volume-1/vol-01-06-d.pdf|website=United States Census Bureau}} 1970{{Cite web|title= 1970 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1970a_ca1-01.pdf|website=United States Census Bureau}} 1980{{Cite web|title= 1980 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1980a_caAB-01.pdf|website=United States Census Bureau}}
1990{{Cite web|title= 1990 Census of Population - Population and Housing Unit Counts - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/prod2/cen1990/cph2/cph-2-6.pdf|website=United States Census Bureau}}

2000{{Cite web|title= 2000 Census of Population - Population and Housing Unit Counts - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/2003/dec/phc-3-6.pdf|website=United States Census Bureau}} 2010{{Cite web|title= 2010 Census of Population - Population and Housing Unit Counts - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/2010/cph-2/cph-2-6.pdf|website=United States Census Bureau}}

}}

The 2020 United States census reported that Baker had a population of 442. The population density was {{convert|164.4|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of Baker was 21.3% White, 0.5% African American, 36.9% Native American, 1.8% Asian, 1.1% Pacific Islander, 28.1% from other races, and 10.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 78.1% of the population.

The whole population lived in households. There were 125 households, out of which 40.8% included children under the age of 18, 52.8% were married-couple households, 8.8% were cohabiting couple households, 16.8% had a female householder with no partner present, and 21.6% had a male householder with no partner present. 21.6% of households were one person, and 5.6% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 3.54. There were 89 families (71.2% of all households).

The age distribution was 33.7% under the age of 18, 11.1% aged 18 to 24, 24.7% aged 25 to 44, 24.4% aged 45 to 64, and 6.1% who were 65{{nbsp}}years of age or older. The median age was 28.6{{nbsp}}years. For every 100 females, there were 101.8 males.

There were 167 housing units at an average density of {{convert|62.1|/mi2|/km2|disp=preunit|units |units|}}, of which 125 (74.9%) were occupied. Of these, 28.0% were owner-occupied, and 72.0% were occupied by renters.{{cite web |title=Baker CDP, California; DP1: Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics - 2020 Census of Population and Housing |url=https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALDP2020.DP1?g=1600000US0603512 |website=US Census Bureau |access-date=April 2, 2025}}{{cite web |title=Baker CDP, California; P16: Household Type - 2020 Census of Population and Housing |url=https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALDHC2020.P16?g=1600000US0603512 |website=US Census Bureau |access-date=April 2, 2025}}

Baker's economy is based primarily on tourism. The town is frequently used as a stop for food and fuel by drivers on Interstate 15 between Los Angeles and Las Vegas. Baker is approximately {{convert|90|mi|km|1}} southwest of Las Vegas. It is the last town for those traveling on SR 127 north to Death Valley National Park or south to the Mojave National Preserve. Until recently there was one motel in Baker, the Santa Fe Motel, formerly the Wills Fargo Motel, but as of 2023 the motel has closed.

Baker Airport is a small facility owned by the U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, but it is managed by San Bernardino County Department of airports{{cite web | url=https://airports.sbcounty.gov/baker-airport/ | title=Baker Airport }}

File:Baker prison sign.png

In the California State Legislature, Baker is in {{Representative|casd|12|fmt=sdistrict}}, and in {{Representative|caad|34|fmt=adistrict}}.{{Cite web

| url = http://statewidedatabase.org/gis/gis2011/index_2011.html

| title = Statewide Database

| publisher = UC Regents

| access-date = October 13, 2016

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150201113744/http://statewidedatabase.org/gis/gis2011/index_2011.html

| archive-date = February 1, 2015

| url-status = dead

}}

In the United States House of Representatives, Baker is in {{Representative|cacd|23|fmt=district}}.{{Cite GovTrack|CA|23}}

Since Baker is an unincorporated community of San Bernardino County, County CEO, Leonard X. Hernandez, would be considered the Chief Administrator of Baker.

Water, Sanitary Sewers, Trash Collection Services, Fire Protection, Television Translators, Road Maintenance, Street Lighting, Park and Recreation is administered by the Baker Community Services District{{Cite web|url=https://bakercsd.com/|title=Baker Community Services District|first=Baker|last=CSD|website=Baker Community Services District}}

The Mars Science Laboratory Team tested an engineering model of the Curiosity rover in the desert near Baker.{{cite magazine |url= https://science.time.com/2012/08/05/an-inside-look-at-the-mars-curiosity-rover/photo/members-of-the-mars-science-laboratory-curiosity-team-including-rover-drivers-and-scientists-tests-out-an-engineering-model-of-its-next-generation-mars-rover-dubbed-curiosity-in-the-dumont-dunes-2/ |title=An Inside Look at the Mars Curiosity Rover |magazine=Time |date=December 9, 2013 |access-date=July 1, 2014}}

The CDP is in the Baker Valley Unified School District.{{cite web|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st06_ca/schooldistrict_maps/c06071_san_bernardino/DC20SD_C06071.pdf|title=2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: San Bernardino County, CA|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|page=4 (PDF p. 5/12)|access-date=2024-10-04}} - [https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st06_ca/schooldistrict_maps/c06071_san_bernardino/DC20SD_C06071_SD2MS.txt Text list]

File:Baker California Nov03.jpg

• The town's most prominent feature is a {{convert|134|ft|m|adj=on}} thermometer, dubbed "the world's tallest thermometer". Its height commemorates the hottest temperature ever recorded on Earth, {{convert|134|°F|°C|1}}, in nearby Death Valley on July 10, 1913.{{cite news |last=Willon |first=Phil |date=24 December 2012 |title=Baker's giant thermometer, long on the blink, is taking heat |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.latimes.com/local/la-xpm-2012-dec-24-la-me-baker-thermometer-20121224-story.html}} It was created by Willis Herron, who owned many businesses in Baker and, at one point, was said to have employed half of Baker's population. Hoping to draw more visitors into Baker, Herron partnered with Young Electric Sign Co. in 1991 to build the monument. It originally cost $750,000 to build and was blown over by high winds before it was officially lit. It was quickly rebuilt with a sturdier design. In 2005, Herron sold several of his businesses to Matt Pike in 2005 before passing away in 2007. Visible for miles, Pike temporarily stopped its operation in 2012 due to expensive electric bills of $8,000/month and inaccurate temperature readings. When Herron's widow Barbara learned that the beloved landmark was being considered for demolition, she repurchased and refurbished it.{{Cite web |last=PlacesThatWere |title=Gateway to Death Valley: The Broken Dreams of Baker, California |url=https://www.placesthatwere.com/2016/02/gateway-to-death-valley-broken-dreams.html |access-date=2023-09-19 |website=Places That Were |language=en-us}} The thermometer was relighted following restoration on July 10, 2014.{{cite news |url=http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-worlds-tallest-thermometer-in-baker-shines-bright-again-20140711-story.html |title=World's tallest thermometer in Baker shines bright again |first=Veronica |last=Rocha |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=12 July 2014}}
• The thermometer was featured on the television show Strange Inheritance season 1 episode 13 on the Fox Business Network.
• Alien Fresh Jerky, a quirky store selling various types of jerky and alien-themed merchandise. The store is itself a tourist attraction with statues of aliens and architecture resembling galactic ships. Billboards on I-15 commonly feature the store. In 2020, the store came under fire for controversial racist remarks against Asians.{{Cite web |author=Editorial Staff |date=2020-05-09 |title=Beef Jerky Boss Sends Racist Email to 'Oriental' Client, Blames Poor English Skills |url=https://nextshark.com/alien-fresh-jerky-luis-ramallo-racist-email/ |access-date=2023-09-19 |website=NextShark |language=en}}
• Abandoned structures, such as the tiki-inspired Arnie's Royal Hawaiian Motel (opened in 1957, closed in 2009, formerly known as Grace's Oasis) and Bun Boy Restaurant and Motel (opened in 1926, closed in 2013), are popular amongst urban explorers.
• Dumont Dunes Off-Highway Vehicle Area, a popular area for ATV riders.{{cite web |url= http://www.blm.gov/ca/st/en/fo/barstow/dumont.html |title=Dumont Dunes Off-Highway Vehicle Area |work=Bureau of Land Management, California |year=2014 |access-date=July 1, 2014}}
• Just a few miles to the west along I-15 lies the exit for Zzyzx Road. This dirt road leads to Soda Springs, the site of the health resort established by Curtis Springer in the late 1940s and now the Desert Study Center maintained by the California State University.
• A yearly race is held called "The Challenge Cup Relay: Baker to Vegas" or commonly referred as "Baker to Vegas" where law enforcement do a relay running race from Baker, CA to Las Vegas, NV. It attracts law enforcement agencies including LAPD, national, and international agencies to participate annually.{{cite web |url= http://www.bakervegas.com/ |title=The Official Baker to Vegas Website |work=bakervegas.com |year=2014 |access-date=July 1, 2014}}

{{unsourced|section|date=February 2025}}

• The 2003 film The Big Empty takes place in Baker, California. It was also filmed on-location{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0321442/locations/ |title=The Big Empty (2003) - Filming & production - IMDb |language=en-US |access-date=2025-05-30 |via=www.imdb.com}}.
• In the video game Fallout: New Vegas, the fictional town of Novac is located in the Mojave desert near the real-world location of Baker, and features as a main attraction the world's second-largest thermometer.
• The second season of the Fallout TV series utilized Baker as a filming location for scenes set in Novac.

{{portal|California}}

• List of census-designated places in California

{{Reflist}}

{{commons category|Baker, California}}

{{Wikivoyage|Baker (California)}}

• [http://www.bakercc.com Baker Chamber of Commerce]
• [http://www.bakercsd.com A history of Baker]
• {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20070929033525/http://www.pilgrimsinthedesert.com/ Pilgrims in the Desert]}} - a book on the history of Baker
• [http://www.placesthatwere.com/2016/02/gateway-to-death-valley-broken-dreams.html History and photos of Baker's roadside attractions]
• [https://www.nps.gov/moja Mojave National Preserve]

{{San Bernardino County, California}}

{{California}}

{{authority control}}

Category:Populated places in the Mojave Desert

Category:Census-designated places in San Bernardino County, California

Category:Census-designated places in California