Balša III
{{Short description|Member of the Balšić noble family}}
{{Infobox royalty
| consort = no
| name = Balša III
{{small|{{lang|sq|Balsha III}}}}
| title = Lord of Zeta
| image = Stema e Balshajve.png
| caption = Coat of arms of the Balsha family
| spouse = {{marriage|Mara Thopia |1407|1412|reason=divorced}}
{{marriage|Boglia Zaharia|1412}}
| succession = Lord of Zeta
| reign = April 1403 – 28 April 1421
| predecessor = Gjergj II Balsha
| successor = Stefan Lazarević
| full name =
| house = Balsha
| father = Gjergj II Balsha
| mother = Jelena Lazarević
| birth_date = 1387
| birth_place =
| death_date = 28 April 1421 (aged 33–34)
| death_place = Belgrade, Serbian Despotate
| burial_place =
| religion =
| issue = Jelena Balsha
Unknown Son
Theodora Balsha
| issue-link =
| issue-pipe =
}}
Balša III ({{lang-sr-cyr|Балша III}}; {{langx|sq|Balsha III}}) or Balsha III (1387 – 28 April 1421, in Belgrade) was the fifth and last ruler of Zeta from the Balšić noble family, from April 1403 to April 1421. He was the son of Đurađ II and Jelena Lazarević.
Reign
File: Grb sa barskog novca Balše III.png
In April 1403, the seventeen-year-old Balša became the ruler of Zeta when his father Đurađ II died as a result of the injuries he had suffered at the Battle of Tripolje. As he was young and inexperienced, his main advisor was his mother, Jelena, a sister of the ruler of Serbia at the time, Stefan Lazarević. Under the influence of his mother, Balša reverted the order of the state religion, passing a law declaring Orthodox Christianity as the official confession of the state, while Catholicism became a tolerated confession.
Balša waged the First Scutari War, a 10-year war, against Venice. In 1405, Ulcinj, Bar and Budva were seized by the Venetians. Balša then became a vassal to the Ottoman Turks. In 1409, however, Venice had purchased the rights to Dalmatia from King Ladislaus of Naples and began fighting for control of Dalmatian cities. After a huge effort, Balša seized Bar from the Venetians in 1412. Venice, pressed with difficulties, had no choice but to agree to return territories it had previously seized.{{sfn|Ćirković|2004|p=92}} In 1413 he built a church dedicated to Saint Nicholas at the Praskvica Monastery.{{cite book|author=Pavle S. Radusinović|title=Stanovništvo Crne Gore do 1945. godine: opšta istorijsko-geografska i demografska razmatranja|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c5UOAQAAIAAJ|access-date=13 June 2013|year=1978|publisher=Srpska akademija nauka i umetnosti|page=42|quote=манастир Прасквица (св. Николе, коју је подигао 1413. године Балша III)}} According to a chapter Balša issued in 1417, he was probably a ktitor of the Moračnik Monastery.
File:Balsa III Balsic 1421 eng.svg
Balša had waged a new war against Venice, which was connected to the war with the Hungarians and the Turks. In 1418, he conquered Shkodër from the Venetians, but lost Budva and Luštica with its salt works. In 1419, he made an unsuccessful attempt to recapture Budva. He went to Belgrade to ask for aid from Stefan Lazarević, but never returned to Zeta. In 1421, before his death and under the influence of his mother, he passed the rule of Zeta to his uncle, Despot Stefan Lazarević.
Marriage and issue
In 1407, Balša III married Mara Thopia, a daughter of Niketa Thopia. They had a daughter, Jelena Balšić (1411-1453), named after Balša's mother. In his second marriage, Balša III married Boglia Zaharia, a daughter of Koja Zaharia, in 1412 or at the beginning of 1413.Albanološki institut u Prištini 1968 [https://books.google.com/books?id=2ZniAAAAMAAJ&q=bosa+bolja p. 125]: "Poznato je takođe da se Balša III krajem 1412 ili početkom 1413 godine oženio u drugom braku ćerkom Koe Zaharije" They had a son (died in 1415) and a daughter, Theodora (died after 1456)
In 1424 Jelena Balšić married Stjepan Vukčić Kosača and was mother of Queen Catherine of Bosnia and Vladislav Hercegović. In 1415, Balša's only son and the only male descendant of the still Christian branch of the Balšić family died. Theodora married Petar Vojsalić, voivode of Bosnia.{{harvnb|Spremić|2004|pp=73–108}}{{quote| ускоро је дочекао велику несрећу: 1415. умро му је син јединац. Тако је Јелена сахранила унука, а династија Балшића остала је без мушког наследника)}}
Annotations
- Name: His full name has been written as Balša Stracimirović ({{lang-sr-cyr|Балша Страцимировић}}; last name is sometimes Balšić or Đurđević)
References
{{reflist}}
=Sources=
{{refbegin}}
- {{Citation| author=Albanološki institut u Prištini |title=Gjurmime albanologjike, Volumes 7-8|year=1968|publisher= Filozofski fakultet u Prištini. Katedra za albanologiju|location=Priština|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2ZniAAAAMAAJ|access-date=23 January 2012|page=125|language=Serbian}}
- {{Cite book|last=Ćirković|first=Sima|authorlink=Sima Ćirković|year=2004|title=The Serbs|location=Malden|publisher=Blackwell Publishing|isbn=9781405142915|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Wc-DWRzoeIC}}
- {{Citation|last=Spremić |first=Momčilo |authorlink=Momčilo Spremić |editor=Jovan Ćulibrk |title=Crkvene prilike u Zeti u doba Nikona Jerusalimca |url=http://www.rastko.org.rs/bogoslovlje/nikon/simposion/mspremic-zeta_c.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211012233/http://www.rastko.org.rs/bogoslovlje/nikon/simposion/mspremic-zeta_c.html |archive-date=2013-12-11 |year=2004 |publisher=Svetigora, Publikum |location=Cetinje, Belgrade |language=Serbian |pages=73–108 |url-status=dead }}
{{refend}}
{{s-start}}
{{succession box|before=Đurađ II|title=Lord of Zeta and the Coast|years=1403–1421|after=Stefan Lazarević}}
{{s-end}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Balsa III}}