Baltazara Calderón
{{Short description|Former First Lady of Ecuador}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Baltazara Calderón
| image = Baltazara Calderón Garaycoa -de Rocafuerte-.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Caledrón in 1870
| birth_name = Josefa Baltazara Calderón Garaycoa
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1806|01|06}}
| birth_place = Cuenca, Viceroyalty of New Granada
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1890|06|07|1806|01|06}}
| death_place = Guayaquil, Ecuador
| resting_place = {{ill|General Cemetery of Guayaquil|es|Cementerio General de Guayaquil}}
| other_names =
| occupation = Philanthropist
| spouse = Vicente Rocafuerte
| relatives = Abdón Calderón Garaycoa (brother)
| children =
| awards =
| education =
| party =
| office = First Lady of Ecuador
| predecessor = Mercedes Jijón
| successor = Mercedes Jijón
| term_start = September 10, 1834
| term_end = January 31, 1839
}}
Josefa Baltazara Calderón Garaycoa (January 6, 1806 – June 7, 1890), also known by her married name of Baltazara Calderón de Rocafuerte, was an Ecuadorian philanthropist, the wife of the second president of Ecuador, Vicente Rocafuerte, and sister of Abdón Calderón Garaycoa.
Biography
Baltazara Calderón was born in Cuenca on January 6, 1806, the daughter of Francisco García Calderón y Díaz and Manuela de Jesús Garaycoa y Llaguno.{{Cite news |url=https://www.eluniverso.com/2006/01/05/0001/18/5CE41864705941B6980B46A14B798668.html |title=Hace 200 años nació Baltazara Calderón |trans-title=200 Years Since the Birth of Baltazara Calderón |newspaper=El Universo |language=Spanish |date=2006-01-05 |access-date=2021-07-08}} On December 3, 1812, her father was executed by commander Juan Sámano, after which her family moved to Guayaquil. There she was instructed under the tutelage of José Joaquín de Olmedo and Vicente Rocafuerte, from whom she learned the French language.
Calderón married Rocafuerte in the chapel of the Episcopal Palace of Guayaquil on February 10, 1842. During her husband's presidency, a yellow fever epidemic broke out in Ecuador, and she fell ill, but quickly recovered. She moved with her husband to Quito after he left the governorship, and then went with him into exile in Lima. Both returned to Ecuador in November 1845, after the March Revolution. They left Guayaquil again in 1846, landing in Callao in December of the same year, where Rocafuerte fell ill, and wrote his will, naming her heir to all his assets.{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wYPrAAAAMAAJ&q=Calder%C3%B3n |title=Testamento de Vicente Rocafuerte: Edicion del gobierno del Ecuador, homenaje a don Vicente Rocafuerte en el primer centenario de su muerte |trans-title=Testament of Vicente Rocafuerte: Edition of the Government of Ecuador, Tribute to Don Vicente Rocafuerte on the First Centenary of His Death |first=Vicente |last=Rocafuerte |author-link=Vicente Rocafuerte |publisher=Government of Ecuador |language=Spanish |year=1947 |access-date=2021-07-09 |via=Google Books}} She was widowed at dawn on May 16, 1847, and it was from Lima that she began her charitable work.{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9YnrAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Baltasara+Calder%C3%B3n%22 |title=Escorzos de historia patria |trans-title=Foreshortening of Homeland History |first=Jorge |last=Salvador Lara |author-link=Jorge Salvador Lara |publisher=Ediciones Quitumbe |page=120 |language=Spanish |year=1977 |access-date=2021-07-09 |via=Google Books}}
She sent part of the library left by Rocafuerte to the San Vicente del Guayas school, today called the {{ill|Colegio Vicente Rocafuerte|es|Colegio Nacional Vicente Rocafuerte}}. She returned to Guayaquil in 1857, and became a patron of the Guayaquil Fire Department, building a tank for the fire pump next to her house. In December 1873, she donated 9,000 pesos through the Ministry of Finance for the improvement of roads in the provinces of Azuay and Imbabura.
File:Mausoleo de la familia Ayluardo Calderón.JPG
In 1881, Baltazara Rocafuerte, along with Teresa Jado, Dolores R. de Grimaldo, Adela S. de Vélez, Zoila Dolores Caamaño, and Bolivia Villamil de Ycaza, was appointed by the Municipality of Guayaquil to award philanthropic merits to ladies of the city who had carried out works for the benefit of the indigent and most needy during the independence festivities in October. In the same year, she was the godmother of honor of the first meeting of the Guayas Philanthropic Society, and of the inauguration of the Vélez asylum, run by the Guayaquil Charity Board. She dedicated herself to investing her fortune into charities, educational establishments, curatorial boards of schools, hospitals, and fire departments.
In February 1890, she became ill again, and dictated her will, naming {{ill|Pedro Carbo (politician)|es|Pedro Carbo|lt=Pedro Carbo}} and Rafael Pólit as executors, and her sister Mercedes Calderón Garaycoa as consulting executor. Doctors diagnosed and treated her for breast cancer.{{Cite journal |url=https://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0719-12432021000100305 |title=La transformación de la hacienda Cacaotera de Ecuador en la década de 1870: El caso de juicio entre Camilo Landín y Baltazara Calderón de Rocafuerte |trans-title=The transformation of the cacao hacienda in Ecuador during the 1870s: The case of the judicial process between Camilo Landín and Baltazara Calderón de Rocafuerte |first1=Jorge |last1=Mantilla |first2=Diego |last2=Samaniego |first3=Ledys |last3=Hernández |first4=Tatiana |last4=Saavedra |journal=Cuadernos de Historia |issn=0719-1243 |number=54 |doi=10.4067/S0719-12432021000100305 |language=Spanish |date=June 2021 |pages=305–325 |access-date=2021-07-09 |via=SciELO|doi-access=free }}
She died on June 7, 1890, abandoned by her relatives due to beliefs at the time that the disease was contagious. The following day, she was interred in the mausoleum that Mercedes Ayluardo built for her children at the {{ill|General Cemetery of Guayaquil|es|Cementerio General de Guayaquil}}.
References
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Category:19th-century philanthropists
Category:Deaths from cancer in Ecuador
Category:Deaths from breast cancer
Category:First ladies of Ecuador