Baltimore Hebrew Congregation

{{Short description|Jewish community in Baltimore, Maryland, US}}

{{distinguish|text =Har Sinai – Oheb Shalom Congregation, also located on Park Heights Avenue, Pikesville}}

{{about|the Jewish congregation and synagogue|their Lloyd Street heritage former synagogue|Lloyd Street Synagogue|their Madison Avenue heritage former synagogue|Baltimore Hebrew Congregation Synagogue}}

{{Infobox religious building

| name = Baltimore Hebrew Congregation

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| religious_affiliation = Reform Judaism

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| organisational_status = Synagogue

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| functional_status = Active

| religious_features_label = Notable 1951–1969 artworks by

| religious_features = {{ubl|George Aarons {{small|(sculptures)}}|Arnold Henry Bergier {{small|(judaica)}}|Nissan Engel {{small|(stained-glass)}}|{{nowrap|William M. Halsey {{small|(mural)}}}}|{{nowrap|Amalie Rothschild {{small|(interior design)}}}}}}

| location = 7401 Park Heights Avenue, Pikesville, Baltimore County, Maryland 21208

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| country = United States

| map_type = USA Baltimore

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| map_caption = Location on the north-western edge of greater Baltimore, Maryland

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| coordinates = {{coords|39.37192|-76.70936|region:US-MD_type:landmark|format=dms|display=it}}

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| architect = 1845: {{bulleted list|Robert Cary Long, Jr.|William Reasin}} 1891: {{bulleted list|Charles L. Carson}} 1951: {{bulleted list|Percival Goodman}}

| architecture_type = Synagogue

| architecture_style = 1845: {{bulleted list|Greek Revival}} 1891: {{bulleted list|Byzantine Revival}} 1951: {{bulleted list|Art Deco|Moderne|International}}

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| established = 1830 {{small|(as a congregation)}}

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| year_completed = {{ubl|1845 {{small|(Lloyd Street)}}|1891 {{small|(Madison Avenue)}}|1951 {{small|(Park Heights Avenue)}}}}

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| website = {{url|baltimorehebrew.org}}

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The Baltimore Hebrew Congregation is a Reform Jewish congregation and synagogue located at 7401 Park Heights Avenue, in Pikesville, on the border of Baltimore City and Baltimore County, Maryland, in the United States.

History

Originally named Nidche Yisroel{{Cite Jewish Encyclopedia |url=http://jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/2420-baltimore |article=BALTIMORE |accessdate=February 18, 2014}} (transliterated from Hebrew as "Scattered of Israel"{{cite web |url=https://www.baltimorehebrew.org/about/bhc/ |title=About BHC |work=Baltimore Hebrew Congregation |date=2023 |access-date=January 4, 2024 }}{{self-published-inline|date=January 2024}}), the synagogue was founded in 1830, and for the first fifteen years of its existence, services were held in a small room above a local grocery. It was originally an Orthodox synagogue, but became Reform officially in 1871. The pressure from the Congregation for modernization was such that its Orthodox first rabbi, Abraham Rice, resigned his position in 1849 over this question.

In 1845, the congregation moved to Lloyd Street under the new name, Baltimore Hebrew Congregation. The new synagogue was dedicated by the Rev. S. M. Isaacs of New York and the Rev. Isaac Leeser of Philadelphia, together with the ministers of the congregation, Abraham Rice and A. Ansell (Anshel). That building, the Lloyd Street Synagogue, the third-oldest synagogue building in the United States, is now preserved as part of the Jewish Museum of Maryland.

Henry Hochheimer served as rabbi from 1849 to 1859.{{Cite book |last=Guttmacher |first=Adolf |author-link=Adolf Guttmacher |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SrvA9tg-xkMC&q=Ansbach |title=A History of the Baltimore Hebrew Congregation, 1830-1905 |publisher=The Lord Baltimore Press |year=1905 |location=Baltimore, M.D. |pages=67–68 |language=en |via=Google Books}} As the city of Baltimore and its Jewish population continued to grow, so too did the number of congregants, and also the size of its endowment. In 1891 the congregation moved to Madison Avenue, where it built the Baltimore Hebrew Congregation Synagogue, added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.{{NRISref|2009a}}{{cite web|url=https://mht.maryland.gov/secure/medusa/PDF/NR_PDFs/NR-403.pdf |title=National Register of Historic Places Registration: Baltimore Hebrew Congregation Synagogue|date=January 1976|access-date=2016-03-01 |author1=Andreve, George |author2=James, Pamela |publisher=Maryland Historical Trust}} Adolf Guttmacher was rabbi from 1891 to 1915.{{Cite journal |last=Rosenau |first=William |author-link=William Rosenau |date=1917 |title=ADOLF GUTTMACHER |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ErUSAAAAIAAJ&q=Guttmacher |journal=Publications of the American Jewish Historical Society |publisher=American Jewish Historical Society |volume=25 |pages=150–152 |via=Google Books}}

As the Jewish population of Baltimore moved northwest, the congregation relocated to the Park Heights Avenue synagogue building in 1951, in Pikesville, on the border of Baltimore City and Baltimore County. Set on {{convert|17|acre|ha}} and designed by Percival Goodman in a combination of the Art Deco, Moderne, and International styles, the red brick building is notable for both its expansive design and artwork that includes eight George Aarons' sculptural reliefs depicting Jewish ethics,{{cite web |author= |url=https://synagoguesofthesouth.cofc.edu/synagogues/baltimore-md-baltimore-hebrew-congregation-1953/ |title=Baltimore, MD ~ Baltimore Hebrew Congregation (1953) |work=Synagogues of the South |publisher=College of Charleston |date=2024 |access-date=January 4, 2024 }} a William M. Halsey mural, Arnold Henry Bergier–designed judaica for the sanctuary, Amalie Rothschild cubist–designed tapestry and doors, and 16 stained–glass windows by Nissan Engel that depict the history of the Jewish people from Creation to the Holocaust and the founding of the State of Israel.{{cite web |author=Shorr, Jonathon |url=https://jmoreliving.com/2023/08/01/breaking-from-tradition-history-of-baltimore-hebrew-congregation-building/ |title=Breaking from Tradition: the History of Baltimore Hebrew Congregation's Building |work=J–More |publisher= |date=August 1, 2023 |access-date=January 4, 2024 }}{{cite web |author=Schack, William |url=https://www.commentary.org/articles/william-schack/modern-art-in-the-synagogue-ii-artist-architect-and-building-committee-collaborate/ |title=Modern Art in the Synagogue, II: Artist, Architect, and Building Committee Collaborate |work=Commentary |publisher= |date=February 1956 |access-date=January 4, 2024 }}

The Day School at Baltimore Hebrew

Under the direction of Rabbi Murray Saltzman, BHC senior rabbi at the time, BHC added a day school to its educational programming in 1991 for children from 18 months through 8th grade. In early 2008, it was officially renamed The Day School at Baltimore Hebrew. The Day School received accreditation from the State of Maryland and the Association of Independent Maryland Schools (AIMS), was a member of the Center for Jewish Education of The Associated, Progressive Association of Reform Day Schools (PARDeS) and The Association of Independent Schools (NAIS). It closed after the 2012–2013 school year. It was slated to reopen as a new school, The Independent Academy, as a joint venture with The Cardin School, but the Cardin school pulled out and closed and the new school did not materialize.

Notable members

Louis E. Eliasberg (1896–1976), American financier and numismatist"Louis Eliasberg Dies; Amassed Only Full Set Of U.S. Coins" The Evening Sun, Obituary for Louis E. Eliasberg (Aged 80) [https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-evening-sun-obituary-for-louis-e-el/42353116/ newspapers.com Retrieved on 2024-01-05.]
Steve Krulevitz (born 1951), American-Israeli tennis player{{cite web|url=https://www.jmoreliving.com/2019/08/27/tennis-star-steve-krulevitz-to-be-inducted-into-md-state-athletic-hall-of-fame/|title=Tennis Star Steve Krulevitz to be Inducted into Md. State Athletic Hall of Fame|date=August 27, 2019}}

References

= Bibliography =

The Jewish Encyclopedia bibliography:
Archives of the congregations;
files of the Occident and of the local newspapers;
personal reminiscences of older members of the Jewish community;
Publications of the American-Jewish Historical Society,
No. 1, pp. 21, 22;
No. 2, pp. 65, 66;
No, 4, pp. 94-96.
{{cite book |editor1=Elman, Kimberly |editor2=Giral, Angela |title=Percival Goodman: architect, planner, teacher, painter |location=New York |publisher=Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Art Gallery, Columbia University |year=2001 |isbn= |pages= }}