Bank of Pennsylvania

The Bank of Pennsylvania or the Pennsylvania Bank can refer to two institutions: one that existed during the American Revolutionary War, and another chartered by the state in 1793.

Revolutionary bank

The first Bank of Pennsylvania was organized on July 17, 1780 at the suggestion of Thomas Paine to fund provisions for the Continental Army. Citizens were urged to pledge state and continental money to the bank, and a total of £315,000 in depreciated money was raised. The organizers then proposed to Congress to supply the army with these funds, if Congress would reimburse them with interest. Congress agreed and posted security in the form of bills drawn on its foreign envoys. Robert Morris and Alexander Hamilton would later observe that this was not properly a bank, since it did not lend, but rather a purchasing agency on behalf of the government. It nonetheless provided critical support for the army following the disastrous Siege of Charleston. The bank continued purchases for a year and a half, ultimately giving way to the Bank of North America, and was wound down after the war in 1784.{{cite book|last=Sumner|first=William Graham|year=1891|title=Robert Morris: The Financier and the Finances of the American Revolution|volume=2}}

Chartered bank

File:Birch2ndbankpa.jpg. Engraving by William Birch.]]

File:Civil War Memorial Adrian MI.JPG

In 1793, the Bank of Pennsylvania was established with a charter from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, and branches were opened in Pittsburgh, Harrisburg, Lancaster, Reading, and Easton.{{cite book |last=Klein |first=Philip Shriver |author2=Ari Hoogenboom |author2-link=Ari Hoogenboom |title=A History of Pennsylvania |year=1973 |publisher=Penn State Press |pages=223}} The bank collapsed in September 1857, with Thomas Allibone of the family firm Thomas Allibone & Co. serving as its president.[https://books.google.com/books?id=kKoCAAAAMAAJ&dq=allibone+leavitt&pg=RA1-PA339 History of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick and the Hibernian Society for the Relief of Emigrants from Ireland, John Hugh Campbell, Hibernian Society, 1892]

In 1870, the only remaining piece of the bank headquarters building—one of its iconic stone columns—was moved to Adrian, Michigan, where it was erected as a Civil War Memorial in commemoration of the 84 local soldiers who died in the American Civil War.{{cite web|last=State of Michigan |url=http://www.mcgi.state.mi.us/hso/sites/8626.htm |year=2009 |title=Civil War Memorial |accessdate=June 1, 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100605004056/http://www.mcgi.state.mi.us/hso/sites/8626.htm |archivedate=5 June 2010 |url-status=dead }}

File:Black Sawyers Working in front of the Bank of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia MET ap42.95.16.jpg|John Lewis Krimmel, Black Sawyers Working in front of the Bank of Pennsylvania (ca.1813)