Banksia nivea

Banksia nivea is a rounded, much-branched shrub that typically grows to {{cvt|1.3|m}} high and wide but does not form a lignotuber. It has linear, pinnatipartite leaves that are {{cvt|200–450|mm}} long and {{cvt|3–10|mm}} wide on a petiole {{cvt|10–60|mm}} long. There are between 45 and 85 triangular lobes on each side of the leaves. Between seventy and ninety cream-coloured and orange or red flowers are borne in head on the ends of branches with oblong to egg-shaped involucral bracts {{cvt|18–22|mm}} long at the base of the head. The perianth is {{cvt|25–38|mm}} long and the pistil {{cvt|32–45|mm}} long. Flowering occurs in April or from July to November and the follicles are egg-shaped, {{cvt|9–13|mm}} long and almost glabrous.{{cite book |last1=George |first1=Alex S. |title=Flora of Australia |volume=17B |date=1999 |publisher=Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra |location=Canberra |page=349 |url=https://www.environment.gov.au/system/files/pages/6d8c5c3b-8545-437e-b9b3-944ac95ee07a/files/flora-australia-17b-proteaceae-3-hakea-dryandra.pdf |access-date=18 May 2020}}{{cite journal |last1=George |first1=Alex |title=New taxa and a new infrageneric classification in Dryandra R.Br. (Proteaceae : Grevilleoideae) |journal=Nuytsia |date=1996 |volume=10 |issue=3 |pages=398–400 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/224945#page/26/mode/1up |access-date=18 May 2020}}

Banksia nivea was first collected by Jacques Labillardière in the vicinity of Esperance Bay between 15 and 17 December 1792, during a search for the naturalist Claude Riche, who had become lost on the Australian mainland.{{cite book | first = Edward | last = Duyker | year = 2003 | title = Citizen Labillardière: A naturalist's life in revolution and exploration | location = Carlton | publisher = Miegunyah Press | isbn = 0-522-85160-6}} Labillardière formally described and figured the species in Relation du Voyage à la Recherche de la Pérouse, his account of the voyage published in 1800.{{cite web|title=Banksia nivea|url= https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/539033 |publisher=APNI|access-date=18 May 2020}}{{cite book |last1=Labillardière |first1=Jacques |title=Relation du Voyage à la Recherche de la Pérouse (Volume 1)|date=1800 |publisher=H.J. Jansen |location=Paris |page=413 |url=https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/viewer/13335/?offset=#page=429&viewer=picture&o=search&n=0&q=nivea |access-date=18 May 2020}}{{cite book |last1=Labillardière |first1=Jacques |title=Relation du Voyage à la Recherche de la Pérouse (Atlas)|date=1800 |publisher=H.J. Jansen |location=Paris |page=24 |url=https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/viewer/13338/?offset=#page=27&viewer=picture&o=bookmark&n=0&q= |access-date=18 May 2020}}

In 1810 Robert Brown transferred it into a new genus, Dryandra as D. nivea.{{cite web|title=Dryandra nivea|url= https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/528489 |publisher=APNI|access-date=18 May 2020}}{{cite journal |last1=Brown |first1=Robert |title=On the Oriteaceae if Jussieu |journal=Transactions of the Linnean Society of London |date=1810 |volume=10 |issue=1 |page=214 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/757212#page/224/mode/1up |access-date=18 May 2020}}

In 1996, Alex George described two subspecies of Dryandra nivea:

• Dryandra nivea (Labill.) R.Br. var. nivea{{cite web|title=Dryandra nivea subsp. nivea|url= https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/559082 |publisher=APNI|access-date=18 May 2020}} that has a pistil {{cvt|32–40|mm}} long and leaves {{cvt|3–8|mm}} wide;
• Dryandra nivea var. uliginosa A.S.George{{cite web|title=Dryandra nivea subsp. uliginosa|url= https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/557011 |publisher=APNI|access-date=18 May 2020}} that has a pistil {{cvt|41–45|mm}} long and leaves {{cvt|7–10|mm}} wide.

In 2007 Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele transferred all Dryandra species into Banksia, reinstating Labillardière's Banksia nivea and renaming the two subspecies B. nivea Labill. subsp. nivea{{cite web |title=Banksia nivea subsp. nivea |url=https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/205144|website=Australian Plant Census |access-date=18 May 2020}} and B. nivea (A.S.George) A.R.Mast & K.R.Thiele subsp. uliginosa,{{cite web |title=Banksia nivea subsp. uliginosa|url=https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/205145|website=Australian Plant Census |access-date=18 May 2020}} the names accepted by the Australian Plant Census. A third subspecies (B. nivea subsp. Morangup (M.Pieroni 9/42) WA Herbarium) has been named but not yet formally described.{{cite web |title=Banksia nivea subsp. 'Morangup' (M.Pieroni 9/42) WA Herbarium |url=https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/210288 |website=Australian Plant Census |access-date=18 May 2020}}

Honeypot dryandra is widespread between Lake Indoon (near Eneabba), Ongerup and Israelite Bay. Subspecies nivea grows in woodland and kwongan.{{FloraBase|name=Banksia nivea subsp. nivea|id=32203}} Subspecies uliginosa has a narrow distribution from east of Busselton and on the Scott River plain where it grows in thick scrub.{{FloraBase|name=Banksia nivea subsp. uliginosa|id=32204}}

Species of nectarivorous birds that have been observed feeding on B. nivea include Acanthorhynchus superciliosus (western spinebill). Black cockatoos have also been recorded feeding upon the seed, though it is not clear which species of black cockatoo was observed, Calyptorhynchus baudinii (Baudin's black cockatoo) or C. latirostris (Carnaby's black cockatoo).{{cite book |author1=Barker, R. D. |author2=Vestjens, W. J. M. | year = 1984 | title = The Food of Australian Birds | publisher = Melbourne University Press | isbn = 0-643-05006-X | pages = 1:331; 2:238, 458}}

Subspecies nivea is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife, but subsp. uliginosa is classified as "Threatened Flora (Declared Rare Flora — Extant)" by the Department of Environment and Conservation (Western Australia).

{{Reflist}}

• {{cite book | last1 = Cavanagh | first1=Tony | last2=Pieroni | first2=Margaret | author-link2=Margaret Pieroni | year = 2006 | title = The Dryandras | publisher = Melbourne: Australian Plants Society (SGAP Victoria); Perth: Wildflower Society of Western Australia | isbn = 1-876473-54-1}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q27897796|from2=Q4856652}}

nivea

Category:Endemic flora of Western Australia

Category:Eudicots of Western Australia

Category:Taxa named by Jacques Labillardière

Category:Plants described in 1800