Banksia prolata

Banksia prolata is a bushy shrub that grows to a height of {{cvt|0.4–3|m}} but does not form a lignotuber. It has linear, serrated or pinnatifid leaves that are {{cvt|110–300|mm}} long and {{cvt|12–18|mm}} wide on a petiole {{cvt|5–30|mm}} long. There are between six and twenty-one sharply-pointed, triangular teeth on each side of the leaves. The flowers are yellow and borne in heads of between 150 and 250 with hairy, lance-shaped involucral bracts up to {{cvt|14–30|mm}} long at the base of each head. The perianth is {{cvt|23–40|mm}} long and the pistil {{cvt|28–48|mm}} long. Flowering occurs from April to October, and the follicles are egg-shaped and {{cvt|8–12|mm}} long.{{FloraBase|name=Banksia prolata|id=32143}}{{cite book |last1=George |first1=Alex S. |title=Flora of Australia |volume=17B |date=1999 |publisher=Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra |location=Canberra |pages=280–281 |url=https://www.environment.gov.au/system/files/pages/6d8c5c3b-8545-437e-b9b3-944ac95ee07a/files/flora-australia-17b-proteaceae-3-hakea-dryandra.pdf |access-date=24 May 2020}}{{cite journal |last1=George |first1=Alex |title=New taxa and a new infrageneric classification in Dryandra R.Br. (Proteaceae : Grevilleoideae) |journal=Nuytsia |date=1996 |volume=10 |issue=3 |pages=341–343 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/224945#page/35/mode/1up|access-date=24 May 2020}}

This species was first formally described in 1810 by Robert Brown who gave it the name Dryandra longifolia and published the description in Transactions of the Linnean Society of London from material collected near Lucky Bay.{{cite web|title=Dryandra longifolia|url= https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/528197|publisher=APNI|access-date=24 May 2020}}{{cite journal |last1=Brown |first1=Robert |title=On the Proteaceae of Jussieu |journal=Transactions of the Linnean Society of London |date=1810 |volume=10 |issue=1 |page=215 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13720#page/225/mode/1up |access-date=24 May 2020}} The specific epithet (longifolia) is derived from the Latin words longus, "long" and folium, "leaf".Backer, C.A. (1936). Verklarend woordenboek der wetenschappelijke namen van de in Nederland en Nederlandsch-Indië in het wild groeiende en in tuinen en parken gekweekte varens en hoogere planten (Edition Nicoline van der Sijs).

In 1996, Alex George described three subspecies of Dryandra longifolia in the journal Nuytsia:

• Dryandra longifolia subsp. archeos A.S.George has flowers with larger organs than those of the other two subspecies, including bracts that are {{cvt|25–30|mm}} long;
• Dryandra longifolia subsp. calcicola A.S.George is similar to the autonym but has straight bracts up to {{cvt|20|mm}} long;
• Dryandra longifolia R.Br. subsp. longifolia has bracts up to {{cvt|20|mm}} long that curve downwards.

In 2007 Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele transferred all dryandras to the genus Banksia, but since the name Banksia longifolia had already been used (Banksia longifolia Donn ex F.Dietr.),{{cite web|title=Banksia longifolia|url= https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/538532|publisher=APNI|access-date=24 May 2020}} Mast and Thiele gave this species the name Banksia prolata.{{cite web|title=Banksia prolata|url= https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/614057|publisher=APNI|access-date=24 May 2020}} The epithet (prolata) is from a Latin word meaning "drawn out".{{cite book |author=Francis Aubie Sharr |author-link=Francis Aubie Sharr |title=Western Australian Plant Names and their Meanings |date=2019 |publisher=Four Gables Press |location=Kardinya, Western Australia |isbn=9780958034180 |page=284}} The subspecies were named archeos, calcicola and prolata respectively.{{cite journal | last1 = Mast | first1 = Austin R. | author-link1=Austin Mast | first2 = Kevin | last2 = Thiele | author-link2 = Kevin Thiele | year = 2007 | title = The transfer of Dryandra R.Br. to Banksia L.f. (Proteaceae) | journal = Australian Systematic Botany | volume = 20 | issue = 1 | pages = 63–71 | doi = 10.1071/SB06016}} The names of the subspecies are accepted by the Australian Plant Census.{{cite web |title=Banksia prolata subsp. archeos |url=https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/205153|website=Australian Plant Census |access-date=24 May 2020}}{{cite web |title=Banksia prolata subsp. calcicola |url=https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/205154|website=Australian Plant Census |access-date=24 May 2020}}{{cite web |title=Banksia prolata subsp. prolata |url=https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/205152|website=Australian Plant Census |access-date=24 May 2020}}

Subspecies archeos grows among boulders in dense scrub on Mount Arid in the Cape Arid National Park, subspecies calcicola in scrub to the west of Esperance Bay and subspecies longifolia in scrub near granite slopes between Cape Le Grand to Cape Paisley in the Cape Le Grand National Park and on Mondrain Island in the Recherche Archipelago.{{FloraBase|name=Banksia prolata subsp. archeos|id=32146}}{{FloraBase|name=Banksia prolata subsp. calcicola|id=32145}}{{FloraBase|name=Banksia prolata subsp. prolata|id=32144}}

Banksia prolata is listed as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife but subspecies archeos is listed as "Priority Two" meaning that it is poorly known and from only one or a few locations, subspecies calcicola as "Priority Four" meaning that is rare or near threatened and subspecies prolata as "Priority Three" meaning that it is poorly known and known from only a few locations but is not under imminent threat.{{cite web|title=Conservation codes for Western Australian Flora and Fauna|url=https://www.dpaw.wa.gov.au/images/documents/plants-animals/threatened-species/Listings/Conservation%20code%20definitions.pdf|publisher=Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife|access-date=24 May 2020}}

{{Reflist}}

• {{cite book | author = Cavanagh, Tony and Margaret Pieroni | year = 2006 | title = The Dryandras | publisher = Melbourne: Australian Plants Society (SGAP Victoria); Perth: Wildflower Society of Western Australia | isbn = 1-876473-54-1 | oclc = 149312882}}

{{Commons category|Banksia prolata}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q4856676}}

prolata

Category:Plants described in 1810

Category:Taxa named by Robert Brown (botanist, born 1773)