Baoding

{{Short description|Prefecture-level city in Hebei, China}}

{{About||the county in Hainan|Baoting|other uses}}

{{Infobox settlement

| name = Baoding

| settlement_type = Prefecture-level city

| other_name = Paoting

| native_name = 保定市

| native_name_lang = zh

| official_name =

| nickname = Boot-Shaped City ({{lang|zh|靴城}})

| motto =

| image_skyline = {{Photomontage

| photo1a = Baoding 001.jpg

| photo2a = BaodingCathedral.jpg

| photo2b = 白石山长城.JPG

| photo3a = Channel letter near Xiong'an Citizen Service Center, Apr 2019.jpg

| photo3b = Baoding Ancient Lotus Pond bridge.jpg

| photo4a = Zhili G Office P.jpg

| color_border = white

| spacing = 2

| color = white

| size = 280

| foot_montage = }}

| imagesize =

| image_caption = Clockwise from top: Skyline of Baoding, Great Wall on Mount Baishi, Lotus Pool, Zhili Governor's Office, Xiong'an New Area, St. Peter and St. Paul Cathedral

| image_seal =

| seal_size =

| image_shield =

| shield_size =

| image_blank_emblem =

| blank_emblem_size =

| image_map = {{maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|type=shape|stroke-width=2|stroke-color=#000000|zoom=6}}

| image_map1 = Location_of_Baoding_Prefecture_within_Hebei_(China).png

| mapsize1 =

| map_caption1 = Location of Baoding City jurisdiction in Hebei

| pushpin_map = China Hebei#China Northern Plain#China

| pushpin_mapsize = 225px

| pushpin_map_caption = Location of the city centre in Hebei

| subdivision_type = Country

| subdivision_name = People's Republic of China

| subdivision_type1 = Province

| subdivision_name1 = Hebei

| subdivision_type2 = County-level divisions

| subdivision_name2 = 5 districts
4 county-level cities
15 counties

| subdivision_type3 = Township-level divisions

| subdivision_name3 = 28 subdistricts
142 towns
170 townships
3 ethnic townships

| seat_type =

| seat =

| government_type = Prefecture level city

| governing_body = Baoding City People's Congress

| leader_title =

| leader_name =

| leader_title1 =

| leader_name1 =

| established_title = Settled

| established_date = 477

| established_title2 = Established

| established_date2 = 1925

| area_magnitude =

| unit_pref = Metric

| area_footnotes = {{cite web

|url = http://www.bd.gov.cn/html/bdgov/mlbd/unnlw.html

|script-title = zh:概况

|publisher = Baoding People's Government

|language = zh

|access-date = 2011-05-20

|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110427232019/http://www.bd.gov.cn/html/bdgov/mlbd/unnlw.html

|archive-date = 27 April 2011

|url-status = dead

|df = dmy-all

}}

| area_total_km2 = 22185

| area_land_km2 =

| area_water_km2 =

| area_water_percent =

| area_blank1_title = Districts

| area_metro_km2 = 1840

| area_urban_km2 = 326

| area_urban_footnotes = {{cite book |editor1=Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development |editor-link=Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development |title=China Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook 2017 |date=2019 |publisher=China Statistics Press |location=Beijing |page=46 |url=http://www.mohurd.gov.cn/xytj/tjzljsxytjgb/jstjnj/w02019012421874448287322500.xls |access-date=11 January 2020 |archive-date=18 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618043019/http://www.mohurd.gov.cn/xytj/tjzljsxytjgb/jstjnj/w02019012421874448287322500.xls |url-status=dead }}

| population_footnotes = {{Cite web|url=http://www.citypopulation.de/php/china-hebei-admin.php|title=China: Hébĕi (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map|website=www.citypopulation.de}}

| population_note =

| population_as_of = 2020 census

| population_total = 11,544,036

| population_density_km2 = auto

| population_density_metro_km2 = auto

| population_blank1_title =

| population_metro = 2,549,787

| population_urban = 6,425,944

| population_urban_footnotes =

| population_density_urban_km2 = auto

| demographics_type2 = GDP{{cite book|author=河北省统计局、国家统计局河北调查总队|title=《河北经济年鉴-2018》|publisher=China Statistics Press|isbn=978-7-5356-7824-9|url=http://tjj.hebei.gov.cn/res/nj2018/zk/indexch.htm|access-date=2019-07-11|archive-date=2020-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326180137/http://tjj.hebei.gov.cn/res/nj2018/zk/indexch.htm|url-status=live}}

| demographics2_title1 = Prefecture-level city

| demographics2_info1 = CN¥ 408.7 billion
US$ 52.9 billion

| demographics2_title2 = Per capita

| demographics2_info2 = CN¥ 28,648
US$4,600

| timezone = China Standard

| utc_offset = +8

| coordinates = {{coord|38.874|N|115.464|E|type:adm2nd_region:CN-13_source:Gaode|format=dms|display=it}}

| coor_pinpoint = Baoding municipal government

| elevation_footnotes =

| elevation_max_m = 2286

| elevation_m = 25

| elevation_ft = 83

| elevation_min_m = 7

| postal_code_type = Postal code

| postal_code = 071000

| area_code = 0312

| iso_code = CN-HE-06

| website = {{URL|www.baoding.gov.cn}}

| footnotes =

| blank_name = License plate prefixes

| blank_info = {{lang|zh-cn|冀F}}

}}

{{Infobox Chinese

|c={{linktext|lang=zh|保定}}

|l="protect (the capital) and stabilize (the territory)"

|w=Pao2-ting1

|p=Bǎodìng

|mi={{IPAc-cmn|b|ao|3|d|ing|4}}

|j=Bou-ding

|y=bou2 ding6

|ci={{IPAc-yue|b|ou|2|d|ing|6}}

}}

Baoding is a prefecture-level city in central Hebei province, approximately {{convert|150|km}} southwest of Beijing. As of the 2020 census, Baoding City had 11,544,036 inhabitants, of which 2,549,787 lived in the metropolitan area made of 4 out of 5 urban districts: Lianchi, Jingxiu, Qingyuan, and Mancheng all of which are largely conurbated. Accounting for about one-sixth of the population of Hebei Province.{{Cite web |title=保定简介-保定市戴维软件科技有限公司 |url=http://baoding.daiwei.com/baoding.HTM |access-date=2024-12-14 |website=baoding.daiwei.com}} Baoding is among 13 Chinese cities with a population of over 10 million, ranking seventh.{{cite web|script-title=zh:最新中国城市人口数量排名(根据2010年第六次人口普查)|url=http://www.elivecity.cn/html/yijuyanjiu/yijuyanjiu1/645.html|publisher=www.elivecity.cn|year=2012|access-date=2014-05-28|archive-date=2015-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150303135707/http://www.elivecity.cn/html/yijuyanjiu/yijuyanjiu1/645.html|url-status=dead}} Zhuozhou City in the northern part has now grown into part of the Beijing metro area.{{Cite web |title=城变:京津冀这十年-报纸网络-北京市发展和改革委员会 |url=https://fgw.beijing.gov.cn/gzdt/fgzs/mtbdx/bzwlxw/202404/t20240409_3612584.htm |access-date=2024-11-16 |website=fgw.beijing.gov.cn}}{{citation needed|date=October 2023}}

Baoding was the capital of Zhili Province and the residence of the Viceroy of Zhili in the Qing dynasty. The city was also the capital of Hebei province until 1968, and is now a national historical and cultural city and one of the central cities in the Jing-Jin-Ji cluster,{{cite web |url=http://www.bd.gov.cn/content-173-9449.html |title=《保定市城市总体规划(2011-2020年)》 |publisher=保定市人民政府 |access-date=2017-07-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180814103233/http://www.bd.gov.cn/content-173-9449.html |archive-date=2018-08-14}} with the Xiong'an new area located within its jurisdiction.

Name

Baoding was known as Shanggu, Baozhou, Shoocheng and Baofu in ancient times.{{Cite web |title=保定两县,以州为名且均为千年古县,其一曾被誉为"天下第一州" |url=https://www.visitbeijing.com.cn/article/47QplDlMj72 |access-date=2024-12-14 |website=www.visitbeijing.com.cn}} The city's name, Baoding ({{lang-zh|c={{linktext|保定}}|links=no}}),{{cite book|year=1952|chapter=Paoting|editor=Leon E. Seltzer|title=The Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World|url=https://archive.org/details/columbialippinco00selt/|location=Morningside Heights, NY|publisher=Columbia University Press|oclc=802473294|page=1425}}{{cite book|year=1979|chapter=Pao-ting or Pao·ting|title=The International Geographic Encyclopedia and Atlas|url=https://archive.org/details/internationalgeo00houg/|location=Boston|publisher=Houghton Mifflin Company|isbn=0-395-27170-3|lccn=79-2721|oclc=5171913|page=591}} dates back to the Song and Yuan dynasties, In 1239, the Yuan Dynasty changed the name of Shuntian Army to Shuntian Road, which means "complying with the destiny of heaven", and Baozhou was renamed Luzhi ({{zhc|路治}}). Because Baozhou was the southern gate of the capital in the Yuan Dynasty, Shuntian Road was changed to Baoding Road in 1275, which means "defend the capital and stabilize the world".{{Cite web |title=保定_央广网 |url=https://news.cnr.cn/special/yth/js/20140320/t20140320_515121405.shtml |access-date=2024-11-16 |website=news.cnr.cn}}{{Cite web |date=2019-08-16 |title=涨知识|保定为什么叫“保定” |url=https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_4177487 |access-date=2025-04-20 |website=The Paper (newspaper)}} The name is roughly interpreted as "protecting the capital", referring to the city's proximity to Beijing.

History

{{Unreferenced section|date=August 2023}}

Baoding has a history dating back to the Western Han Dynasty.

= Prehistory =

The Nanzhuangtou site near Baiyang Lake is one of the earliest Neolithic site discovered in North China, dating back approximately 10,500–9,700 years.{{cite book |last1=Liu |first1=Li |title=The Chinese Neolithic: Trajectories to Early States |date=2005 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9781139441704 |page=24 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lhT0Z4L4g-kC&pg=PA24 |language=en}} Other Neolithic sites in Baoding include Diaoyutai and Beifudi.{{Cite web |title=文物资源_河北省文物局 |url=http://wenwu.hebei.gov.cn/system/2023/10/16/030257953.shtml |access-date=2024-11-16 |website=wenwu.hebei.gov.cn}}

=Early history=

During the Warring States period, what is now Baoding was along the dividing line between the Yan and Zhao states.

One of the capitals of Yan during this period, Xiadu, is located in what is now Yi County, and from 400 to 300 BC may have been the largest cities in the world, with an estimated population of over 300,000.George Modelski, World Cities: –3000 to 2000, Washington DC: FAROS 2000, 2003. {{ISBN|0-9676230-1-4}}.

=Imperial era=

In 960 the Song dynasty established the Bao prefecture ("Baozhou") with the administrative office in Baosai County (modern Baoding).{{cite book|editor-last=Shi Weile|year=2005|title=Zhongguo Lishi Diming Da Cidian (中国历史地名大词典)|trans-title=Large Dictionary of Chinese Historical Place Names|publisher=China Social Sciences Press|isbn=7-5004-4929-1|pages=1917|language=zh}} This lasted until 1241, when the Mongol Empire (who conquered the Jin dynasty in 1234) abolished it, incorporating Baozhou into the Central Region.

In the year 1213 the Mongol army invaded and destroyed Baozhou, leaving it in ruins until it was reconstructed in 1227 during the Yuan dynasty. The region acquired the name "Baoding" in 1275.

In 1669, Baoding became the capital of Zhili, ruled over by a Viceroy until the fall of the Qing dynasty in 1912.

In 1902, Yuan Shikai, then Viceroy, established the Baoding Military Academy. Birthplace of many famous ROC and Communist generals in the early 20th century.

=Contemporary history=

On August 1, 1949, the People's Government of Hebei province was established, Baoding was the capital of the province, and the city of Baoding was a provincial municipality. On August 9, the administrative inspector's office of the Baoding district was established, and it was established as the administrative inspector's office of the county district.{{Cite web |title=四处流浪的河北省会 {{!}} 中国国家地理网 |url=http://www.dili360.com/cng/article/p54c0a823ecd4a42.htm |access-date=2024-11-16 |website=www.dili360.com}}

In May 1958, the capital of Hebei was moved to Tianjin, then back to Baoding in January 1966, to Shijiazhuang in February 1968. In December 1994, the Baoding area merged with Baoding to become a provincial city.{{Cite web |title=方舆 - 北部 - 关于我国县市最密集的河北省行政区划调整研究:增地级市并小县 - Powered by phpwind |url=http://xzqh.info/lt/read.php?tid=171600&fpage=4 |access-date=2024-11-16 |website=xzqh.info}}

In April 2017, the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and the State Council announced the decision to transform Baoding's Xiong, Rongcheng, and Anxin counties into Xiong'an New Area, a new development area of national significance, with a focus on innovation, sustainability and quality of life, following the successes of Shenzhen Special Economic Zone and Shanghai's Pudong New Area.{{Cite web |title=中共中央、国务院决定设立河北雄安新区_图片新闻_中国政府网 |url=https://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2017-04/01/content_5182891.htm#1 |access-date=2024-11-16 |website=www.gov.cn}}

Geography

Baoding is located in the west-central portion of Hebei province and lies on the North China Plain, with the Taihang Mountains to the west. Bordering prefecture-level cities in the province are Zhangjiakou to the north, Langfang and Cangzhou to the east, and Shijiazhuang and Hengshui to the south. Baoding also borders Beijing to the northeast and Shanxi to the west.{{Cite web |title=河北概况 |url=http://www.hebei.gov.cn/columns/2287a951-8b80-47c8-be3a-ab7983ba5fd0/index.html |access-date=2024-11-16 |website=www.hebei.gov.cn}}

The geographical coordinates of Baoding are between 113°40'-116°20' east longitude and 38°10'-40°00' north latitude.

Elevations in Baoding's administrative area decrease from northwest to southeast. The western parts are dominated by mountains and hills that are generally more than {{convert|1000|m}} tall; this area includes parts of Laishui, Yi, Mancheng, Shunping, Tang, and Fuping Counties as well as the entirety of Laiyuan County, occupying 30.6% of the prefecture's area. The highest peak is Mount Waitou ({{lang-zh|labels=no|s=歪头山}}), with an elevation of {{convert|2286|m}}. Moving southeast from this area, one encounters low-lying mountains and hills, taking up 18.9% of the prefecture's area. Further to the east lies generally flat terrain of {{convert|30|to|100|m|ft|sigfig=2}} elevation. Here the primary rivers are the Xiaoyi River ({{lang|zh|孝义河}}), Fu River ({{lang|zh|府河}}), Bao River ({{lang|zh|瀑河}}), Ping River ({{lang|zh|萍河}}), Juma River ({{lang|zh|拒马河}}), Yishui River ({{lang|zh|易水河}}), Tang River ({{lang|zh|唐河}}), Cao River ({{lang|zh|漕河}}), Zhulong River ({{lang|zh|潴龙河}}), Qingshui River ({{lang|zh|清水河}}), and Sha River ({{lang|zh|沙河}}).{{cite web |url=http://baoding.gov.cn/content-159-387583.html |title=List of municipal river and lake chiefs in Baoding City |script-title=zh:保定市市级河湖长名单 |date=2022 |language=zh-cn |access-date=2023-02-21 }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Baiyangdian Lake, the largest natural lake in northern China, can be found nearby.

=Climate=

Baoding has a continental, monsoon-influenced humid continental climate/semi-arid climate (Köppen Dwa/BSk),Peel, M. C. and Finlayson, B. L. and McMahon, T. A. (2007). [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/Asia_K%C3%B6ppen_Map.png "Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification"]. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 11: 1633-1644. ISSN 1027-5606. characterised by hot, humid summers due to the East Asian monsoon, and generally cold, windy, very dry winters that reflect the influence of the vast Siberian anticyclone. Spring can bear witness to sandstorms blowing in from the Mongolian steppe, accompanied by rapidly warming, but generally dry, conditions. Autumn is similar to spring in temperature and lack of rainfall. The annual rainfall, about 60% of which falls in July and August alone, is highly variable and not reliable. The average annual runoff is 2.45 billion cubic meters. In the city itself, this amount has averaged to a meagre {{convert|496.1|mm|1}} per annum. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from {{convert|−2.7|°C|1}} in January to {{convert|27.1|°C|1}} in July, and the annual mean is {{convert|13.3|°C|1}}. There are 2,500 to 2,900 hours of bright sunshine annually, and the frost-free period lasts 165−210 days.

{{Weather box

| width = max

| metric first = y

| single line = y

| collapsed = Y

| location = Baoding, elevation {{convert|17|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–present)

| Jan high C = 2.7

| Feb high C = 6.9

| Mar high C = 14.1

| Apr high C = 21.5

| May high C = 27.4

| Jun high C = 31.7

| Jul high C = 32.2

| Aug high C = 30.6

| Sep high C = 26.7

| Oct high C = 20.0

| Nov high C = 10.7

| Dec high C = 4.1

| Jan mean C = -2.8

| Feb mean C = 0.9

| Mar mean C = 7.8

| Apr mean C = 15.1

| May mean C = 21.1

| Jun mean C = 25.7

| Jul mean C = 27.3

| Aug mean C = 25.8

| Sep mean C = 20.9

| Oct mean C = 13.8

| Nov mean C = 5.2

| Dec mean C = -1.0

| Jan low C = -7.2

| Feb low C = -3.8

| Mar low C = 2.2

| Apr low C = 9.2

| May low C = 15.0

| Jun low C = 20.2

| Jul low C = 23.0

| Aug low C = 21.8

| Sep low C = 16.1

| Oct low C = 8.9

| Nov low C = 1.0

| Dec low C = -4.9

| Jan record high C = 17.5

| Jan record low C = -22.0

| Feb record high C = 23.1

| Feb record low C = -15.7

| Mar record high C = 30.7

| Mar record low C = -14.8

| Apr record high C = 33.8

| Apr record low C = -3.2

| May record high C = 38.1

| May record low C = 5.5

| Jun record high C = 41.9

| Jun record low C = 10.7

| Jul record high C = 41.6

| Jul record low C = 13.4

| Aug record high C = 37.7

| Aug record low C = 12.6

| Sep record high C = 34.3

| Sep record low C = 5.7

| Oct record high C = 31.1

| Oct record low C = -2.3

| Nov record high C = 23.9

| Nov record low C = -11.6

| Dec record high C = 17.4

| Dec record low C = -23.3

| year high C =

| year low C =

| year high F =

| year low F =

| precipitation colour = green

| Jan precipitation mm = 2.2

| Feb precipitation mm = 5.0

| Mar precipitation mm = 8.9

| Apr precipitation mm = 24.1

| May precipitation mm = 33.8

| Jun precipitation mm = 68.1

| Jul precipitation mm = 153.0

| Aug precipitation mm = 108.5

| Sep precipitation mm = 54.5

| Oct precipitation mm = 24.2

| Nov precipitation mm = 12.2

| Dec precipitation mm = 2.0

| Jan humidity = 55

| Feb humidity = 50

| Mar humidity = 47

| Apr humidity = 51

| May humidity = 55

| Jun humidity = 59

| Jul humidity = 72

| Aug humidity = 77

| Sep humidity = 71

| Oct humidity = 66

| Nov humidity = 65

| Dec humidity = 59

| unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm

| Jan precipitation days = 1.5

| Feb precipitation days = 2.2

| Mar precipitation days = 2.9

| Apr precipitation days = 4.7

| May precipitation days = 6.2

| Jun precipitation days = 8.4

| Jul precipitation days = 11.8

| Aug precipitation days = 11.0

| Sep precipitation days = 6.7

| Oct precipitation days = 4.8

| Nov precipitation days = 3.3

| Dec precipitation days = 1.3

| year precipitation days =

| Jan sun = 143.9

| Feb sun = 156.4

| Mar sun = 206.7

| Apr sun = 225.9

| May sun = 251.7

| Jun sun = 209.8

| Jul sun = 174.7

| Aug sun = 179.9

| Sep sun = 183.4

| Oct sun = 171.4

| Nov sun = 140.0

| Dec sun = 137.3

| year sun =

| Jan percentsun = 47

| Feb percentsun = 51

| Mar percentsun = 55

| Apr percentsun = 57

| May percentsun = 57

| Jun percentsun = 47

| Jul percentsun = 39

| Aug percentsun = 43

| Sep percentsun = 50

| Oct percentsun = 50

| Nov percentsun = 47

| Dec percentsun = 47

| year percentsun =

| Jan snow days = 3.0

| Feb snow days = 2.3

| Mar snow days = 0.9

| Apr snow days = 0.2

| May snow days = 0

| Jun snow days = 0

| Jul snow days = 0

| Aug snow days = 0

| Sep snow days = 0

| Oct snow days = 0

| Nov snow days = 1.6

| Dec snow days = 2.9

| year snow days =

| source 1 = China Meteorological Administration{{cite web |url=http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data |publisher=China Meteorological Administration |language = zh-hans |access-date=26 August 2023}}

{{cite web|url=https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网|publisher=China Meteorological Administration |language = zh-hans | access-date =26 August 2023 |title=Experience Template }} all-time extreme temperature{{cite web

|url= http://www.mherrera.org/temp.htm

|title= Extreme Temperatures Around the World

|access-date= 2024-09-22

}}

| source 2 = Weather China{{cite web

| url = http://www.weather.com.cn/cityintro/101090201.shtml?

| script-title=zh:保定 - 气象数据 -中国天气网

| publisher = Weather China

| language = zh

| access-date = 29 November 2022}}

| source =

}}

Administrative divisions

Bǎodìng prefecture-level city consists of 5 municipal districts, 4 county-level cities, 15 counties:

class="wikitable" align="center" style="width:79%; font-size:smaller" border="1"

! colspan=14 | Map

colspan=14 align="center" |

{{Image label begin|image=Administrative Division Baoding-Xiong, Anxin and Rongcheng.png|width=600|link=}}

{{Image label|x=1600|y=1300|scale=600/2500|text=1}}

{{Image label|x=1710|y=1350|scale=600/2500|text=2}}

{{Image label|x=1410|y=1180|scale=600/2500|text=Mǎnchéng
District
}}

{{Image label|x=1580|y=1520|scale=600/2500|text=Qīngyuàn
District
}}

{{Image label|x=1700|y=1120|scale=600/2500|text=Xúshuǐ
District
}}

{{Image label|x=1520|y=430|scale=600/2500|text=Láishuǐ
County
}}

{{Image label|x=330|y=1280|scale=600/2500|text=Fùpíng
County
}}

{{Image label|x=1850|y=910|scale=600/2500|text=Dìngxing
County
}}

{{Image label|x=980|y=1290|scale=600/2500|text=Táng
County
}}

{{Image label|x=1920|y=1550|scale=600/2500|text=Gāoyáng
County
}}

{{Image label|x=880|y=710|scale=600/2500|text=Láiyuán
County
}}

{{Image label|x=1280|y=1560|scale=600/2500|text=Wàngdū
County
}}

{{Image label|x=1990|y=1320|scale=600/2500|text=Ānxīn
County
}}

{{Image label|x=2250|y=1130|scale=600/2500|text=Xió ng
County
}}

{{Image label|x=2000|y=1100|scale=600/2500|text=Ró ngchéng
County
}}

{{Image label|x=2050|y=1230|scale=600/2500|text=Xiong'an}}

{{Image label|x=1420|y=780|scale=600/2500|text=Yì Xiàn
Yi County
}}

{{Image label|x=780|y=1460|scale=600/2500|text=Qǔyáng
County
}}

{{Image label|x=1790|y=1750|scale=600/2500|text=
County
}}

{{Image label|x=1200|y=1260|scale=600/2500|text=Shunping
County
}}

{{Image label|x=1650|y=1840|scale=600/2500|text=Bóyě
County
}}

{{Image label|x=2080|y=590|scale=600/2500|text=Zhuozhou}}

{{Image label|x=1180|y=1830|scale=600/2500|text=Dingzhou}}

{{Image label|x=1440|y=1930|scale=600/2500|text=Anguo}}

{{Image label|x=2120|y=860|scale=600/2500|text=Gaobeidian}}

{{Image label|x=360|y=300|scale=600/2500|text=1. Jìngxiù District}}

{{Image label|x=360|y=370|scale=600/2500|text=2. Liánchí District}}

{{Image label end}}

! scope="col" rowspan=2 | Division code{{cite web |url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjbz/cxfldm/2011/index.html |script-title=zh:国家统计局统计用区划代码 |publisher=National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China |date=2011 |language=zh-cn |access-date=2013-01-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120407065847/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjbz/cxfldm/2011/index.html |archive-date=2012-04-07 |url-status=dead }}scope="col" rowspan=2 | English namescope="col" rowspan=2 | Simp. Chinesescope="col" rowspan=2 | Pinyinscope="col" rowspan=2 | Area in km2{{lang|zh-Hans|《保定经济统计年鉴2011》}}{{full citation needed|date=February 2020}}scope="col" rowspan=2 | Seatscope="col" rowspan=2 | Postal codescope="col" colspan=6 | Divisions{{lang|zh-Hans|《中国民政统计年鉴2012》}}{{full citation needed|date=February 2020}}
! scope="col" width="45" | Subdistrictsscope="col" width="45" | Townsscope="col" width="45" | Townshipsscope="col" width="45" | Ethnic townshipsscope="col" width="45" | Residential communities ({{nobold|{{lang|zh-hans|居委会}}}})scope="col" width="45" | Villages ({{nobold|{{lang|zh-hans|村委会}}}})
align="center" style="font-weight:bold"

! 130600 !! Baoding

| {{nobold|{{lang|zh|保定市}}}}

Bǎodìng Shì22185Jingxiu District0710003120710525146184
align="center"

! 130602 !! Jingxiu District

| {{lang|zh-hans|竞秀区}}

Jìngxiù Qū149Xianfeng Subdistrict ({{lang|zh-hans|先锋街道}})0710005248171
align="center"

! 130603 !! Lianchi District

| {{lang|zh-hans|莲池区}}

Liánchí Qū82Wusi Road Subdistrict ({{lang|zh|五四路街道}})0710001025151120
align="center"

! 130605 !! Mancheng District

| {{lang|zh-hans|满城区}}

Mǎnchéng Qū658Mancheng Town ({{lang|zh-hans|满城镇}})07210016616183
align="center"

! 130606 !! Qingyuan District

| {{lang|zh-hans|清苑区}}

Qīngyuàn Qū856Qingyuan ({{lang|zh-hans|清苑镇}})07110013514266
align="center"

! 130607 !! Xushui District

| {{lang|zh-hans|徐水区}}

Xúshuǐ Qū723Ansu ({{lang|zh-hans|安肃镇}})07250010428304
align="center"

! 130633 !! Yi County

| {{lang|zh-hans|易县}}

Yì Xiàn2535Yizhou ({{lang|zh-hans|易州镇}})0742001116110469
align="center"

! 130630 !! Laiyuan County

| {{lang|zh-hans|涞源县}}

Láiyuán Xiàn2431Laiyuan ({{lang|zh-hans|涞源镇}})0743001078283
align="center"

! 130626 !! Dingxing County

| {{lang|zh-hans|定兴县}}

Dìngxīng Xiàn714Dingxing ({{lang|zh-hans|定兴镇}})0726009723274
align="center"

! 130636 !! Shunping County

| {{lang|zh-hans|顺平县}}

Shùnpíng Xiàn712Puyang ({{lang|zh-hans|蒲阳镇}})072200644237
align="center"

! 130627 !! Tang County

| {{lang|zh-hans|唐县}}

Táng Xiàn1414Renhou ({{lang|zh-hans|仁厚镇}})0723001198345
align="center"

! 130631 !! Wangdu County

| {{lang|zh-hans|望都县}}

Wàngdū Xiàn358Wangdu ({{lang|zh-hans|望都镇}})0724007110142
align="center"

! 130623 !! Laishui County

| {{lang|zh-hans|涞水县}}

Láishuǐ Xiàn1662Laishui ({{lang|zh-hans|涞水镇}})0741001236284
align="center"

! 130628 !! Gaoyang County

| {{lang|zh-hans|高阳县}}

Gāoyáng Xiàn496Gaoyang ({{lang|zh-hans|高阳镇}})0715001711149
align="center"

! 130632 !! Anxin County

| {{lang|zh-hans|安新县}}

Ānxīn Xiàn728Anxin ({{lang|zh-hans|安新镇}})071600945223
align="center"

! 130638 !! Xiong County

| {{lang|zh-hans|雄县}}

Xióng Xiàn513Xiongzhou ({{lang|zh-hans|雄州镇}})071800847287
align="center"

! 130629 !! Rongcheng County

| {{lang|zh-hans|容城县}}

Róngchéng Xiàn311Rongcheng ({{lang|zh-hans|容城镇}})071700534127
align="center"

! 130634 !! Quyang County

| {{lang|zh-hans|曲阳县}}

Qūyáng Xiàn1076Hengzhou ({{lang|zh-hans|恒州镇}})073100111610367
align="center"

! 130624 !! Fuping County

| {{lang|zh-hans|阜平县}}

Fùpíng Xiàn2494Fuping ({{lang|zh-hans|阜平镇}})073200855209
align="center"

! 130637 !! Boye County

| {{lang|zh-hans|博野县}}

Bóyě Xiàn331Boye ({{lang|zh-hans|博野镇}})071300711133
align="center"

! 130635 !! Li County

| {{lang|zh-hans|蠡县}}

Lǐ Xiàn653Liwu ({{lang|zh-hans|蠡吾镇}})0714001127232
align="center"

! 130682 !! Dingzhou City

| {{lang|zh|定州市}}

Dìngzhōu Shì1284Nanchengqu Subdistrict ({{lang|zh-hans|南城区街道}})0730004165131470
align="center"

! 130681 !! Zhuozhou City

| {{lang|zh|涿州市}}

Zhuōzhōu Shì751Shuangta Subdistrict ({{lang|zh-hans|双塔街道}})072700310139402
align="center"

! 130683 !! Anguo City

| {{lang|zh-hans|安国市}}

Ānguó Shì485Qizhouyaoshi Subdistrict ({{lang|zh-hans|祁州药市街道}})0712002636198
align="center"

! 130684 !! Gaobeidian City

| {{lang|zh|高碑店市}}

Gāobēidiàn Shì674Xinghua Road Subdistrict ({{lang|zh-hans|兴华路街道}})07400051019409
style = "background:lightgrey; height: 2pt"

| colspan = "13" |

align="center"

|bgcolor="grey"|  

! Xiong'an New Area

| {{lang|zh-hans|雄安新区}}

Xióng'ān Xīnqū106.46Rongcheng ({{lang|zh-hans|容城镇}})colspan="7" bgcolor="grey" |
colspan=14 | Note: Baoding New High Technology Product Development Zone ({{lang|zh-hans|保定高新技术产业开发区}}) includes Damafang Township ({{lang|zh-hans|大马坊乡}}) of Jingxiu District and Jiantai Township ({{lang|zh-hans|贤台乡}}) of Mancheng District; the Baigou New City ({{lang|zh-hans|白沟新城}}) includes Baigou Town ({{lang|zh-hans|白沟镇}}) of Gaobeidian City.

File:Txu-pclmaps-oclc-22834566 g-9b.jpg, 1998)]]

Demographics

class="wikitable sortable floatright" style="font-size:smaller" border="1"

|+ Baoding City Demographics

scope="col" class="unsortable" rowspan=3 | Division name
! scope="col" colspan=3 | Residence population{{lang|zh-Hans|《保定市2010年第六次全国人口普查主要数据公报》}}{{full citation needed|date=February 2020}} (November 2010)scope="col" rowspan=2 | Hukou population{{lang|zh-Hans|《中华人民共和国全国分县市人口统计资料2010》}}{{full citation needed|date=February 2020}}
(end of 2010)
align="right" style="font-weight:bold"
! scope="col" width="70" | Totalscope="col" width="70" | Ratio (%)scope="col" width="70" | Population density (persons/km2)
align="right" style="font-weight:bold"

! Baoding City

| 11,194,379

100504.5511610199
align="right"

! Xinshi District

| 482,768

4.312540.88459038
align="right"

! Beishi District

| 387,339

3.465164.52322205
align="right"

! Nanshi District

| 287,784

2.572877.84279725
align="right"

! Mancheng District

| 387,307

3.46615.75411417
align="right"

! Qingyuan District

| 631,659

5.64728.56648645
align="right"

! Laishui County

| 339,063

3.03204.50352993
align="right"

! Fuping County

| 205,299

1.8382.28223846
align="right"

! Xushui County

| 563,030

5.03778.74586104
align="right"

! Dingxing County

| 517,873

4.63725.31585913
align="right"

! Tang County

| 529,066

4.73373.37590575
align="right"

! Gaoyang County

| 345,160

3.08695.89340163
align="right"

! Rongcheng County

| 258,179

2.31822.23265389
align="right"

! Laiyuan County

| 260,678

2.33106.49283537
align="right"

! Wangdu County

| 250,014

2.23781.29265525
align="right"

! Anxin County

| 437,378

3.91604.11440817
align="right"

! Yi County

| 537,564

4.80212.14570806
align="right"

! Quyang County

| 588,559

5.26542.95610065
align="right"

! Li County

| 505,574

4.52775.42532322
align="right"

! Shunping County

| 295,764

2.64417.75317484
align="right"

! Boye County

| 245,504

2.19741.70268941
align="right"

! Xiong County

| 359,506

3.21686.08375470
align="right"

! Zhuozhou City

| 603,535

5.39813.39645542
align="right"

! Dingzhou City

| 1,165,182

10.41914.591214852
align="right"

! Anguo City

| 370,314

3.31761.96409834
align="right"

! Gaobeidian City

| 640,280

5.72938.83608991
class="sortbottom"

| colspan=5 width="250" | Note: The 58,709 people residing in Baoding High Technology Product Development Zone and the 124,274 in the Baigou New City are not listed separately.

According to the 2010 Census, the residence population stood at 11,194,382, an increase of 605,100 (5.71%) from 2000. The male-female ratio was 101.94:100. Children aged up to 14 numbered 1,915,800 (17.11% of the population), citizens 15 to 64 numbered 8,370,600 (74.78%), and 65+ numbered 908,000 (8.11%). The urban area of Baoding made of 5 urban Districts had a population of around 2,739,887 (2010 census). The overwhelming majority of the population is Han Chinese. The language of Baoding is Mandarin Chinese — specifically, the Baoding dialect of Ji-Lu Mandarin. Despite Baoding's proximity to Beijing, the Chinese spoken in Baoding is not particularly close to the Beijing dialect — rather, it is more closely related to Tianjin dialect.

Economy

Baoding is located in the centre of the Bohai Rim economic area which includes Beijing, Tianjin, and Shijiazhuang. One of the largest employers in Baoding is China Lucky Film, the largest photosensitive materials and magnetic recording media manufacturer in China.{{cite web|url=http://oice.hbu.edu.cn/OldWeb/e_baoding.htm |title=About Baoding City |access-date=2008-12-14 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090304202102/http://oice.hbu.edu.cn/OldWeb/e_baoding.htm |archive-date=2009-03-04 }} And, Yingli group, 2010 World Cup sponsor, has its headquarters in Baoding, who is the Global Top 10 solar panel manufacturer. More renowned companies include ZhongHang HuiTeng Windpower Equipment Co., Ltd (Wind Turbine), Baoding Tianwei Group Co., Ltd (Transformer), and Great Wall Motor.

In April 2017, an area in Baoding was designated as a Xiong'an New Area, a development zone of initially 100 km2 and up to 2000 km2, the site of what will eventually be a new city and the hub of the Beijing-Tinajin-Hebei development area.

  • Baoding High-tech Industrial Development Zone{{Cite web|url=http://www.bdgxq.cn/|script-title=zh:欢迎进入保定国家高新技术产业开发区!|date=May 1, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090501075704/http://www.bdgxq.cn/|archive-date=2009-05-01}}

Great Wall Motors Company Limited is a Chinese automobile manufacturer headquartered in Baoding, Hebei, China. The company is named after the Great Wall of China and was formed in 1984. It is China's largest sport utility vehicle (SUV) and pick-up truck producer. It sells passenger cars and trucks under the Great Wall brand and SUVs under the Haval and WEY brands.

In 2016, Great Wall Motors set a historical sales record of 1,074,471 cars worldwide, increased by 26% compared to 2015.

Renewable energy

Baoding City has one of China's biggest plants which manufactures blades used in wind turbine generators, catering mainly to the domestic market. Tianwei Wind Power Technology is one of the three main plants in Baoding that produces wind turbine generators. It wheeled out its first 20 turbines in 2008, and it will produce 150 units in 2009 and another 500 in 2010. Nevertheless, Baoding is currently listed as the most polluted city in China.{{cite web

|url = http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2015-02/02/content_19466412.htm

|title = China names 10 most polluted cities

|language = en

|access-date = 2016-10-08}}

Transport

File:NG-0395 at Baoding Railway Station (20160310114142).jpg Station]]

Baoding has good connections to other cities, being located on one of the main routes in and out of Beijing. The Jingshi Expressway connects the two cities, and Baoding is also the western terminus of the Baojin Expressway linking Baoding with Tianjin, which is one out of two nearest ports (Huanghua is the other one). The Jingguang Railway provides frequent services to Beijing West railway station. On 30 December 2012, a new Baoding station was opened, while the old train station was closed for passengers.{{cite web

|url = http://itsoknoproblem.com/china/baodin/novyiy-zheleznodorozhnyiy-vokzal-v-baodine

|title = Baoding new railway station

|date = 3 January 2013

|language = en

|access-date = 2013-01-03}} Baoding East railway station lies {{convert|9.5|km|abbr=on}}to the east on the Beijing–Guangzhou–Shenzhen–Hong Kong high-speed railway. On October 1, 2018, the east square of Baoding Railway Station was officially put into use, and the east station building of the railway station was also opened at the same time.{{cite web |script-title=zh:保定火车站东广场正式投入使用 |url=https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_2508762 |website=The Paper online newspaper澎湃新闻 |publisher=Baoding Release保定发布 |access-date=2023-02-10 |ref=Shanghai United Media Group}}

Military

Baoding is headquarters of the 38th Mechanized Group Army of the People's Liberation Army, one of the three group armies that comprise the Beijing Military Region responsible for defending the PRC capital.{{Cite web |title=军史 |url=http://www.rongwp.com/8life/book/pla/jun15.htm |access-date=2024-11-16 |website=www.rongwp.com}}{{Citation needed|date=October 2023}}

Culture

File:Baoding_Balls_in_Use.JPG]]

File:Baoding1.jpg

Perhaps the best-known item to supposedly originate in Baoding are Baoding Balls, which can be used to relax one's keyboard hand and strengthen one's wrist.{{Cite web |title=非遗之魅 {{!}} 手指上的舞蹈——保定铁球 |url=https://www.visitbeijing.com.cn/article/47QtYS9P1nc |access-date=2024-12-14 |website=www.visitbeijing.com.cn}}

The most famous local specialty food is the Donkey Burger{{Cite web |title=经典美味:驴肉火烧的历史起源 |url=http://story.importfood.net/m/Show/?Cid=599 |access-date=2024-12-14 |website=story.importfood.net}} ({{lang-zh|s=驴肉火烧}}).

Anxin County is home to the Quantou Village Music Association ({{lang-zh|labels=no|s=圈头村音乐会}}), a well known traditional music group performing on guan (oboes), sheng (mouth organs), and percussion. The village of Quantou is located on an island in Lake Baiyangdian.

{{Cite web |title=安新圈头村音乐会-国家级非物质文化遗产(安新) |url=http://m.chinaquhua.cn/culture/48/anxinquantoucunyinlehui.html |access-date=2024-12-14 |website=m.chinaquhua.cn}} The city's streets follow a rough grid pattern, although this is less obvious in the older part of the city. The traditional main street of old Baoding is Yuhua Road, running from the city's centre to its eastern edge — most of Baoding's historic buildings are located in this area, along with some of its larger shopping centres.{{Cite web |title=上有北京,下有保定(3)·沿着裕华西路寻古迹,走读保定近代史_天主教堂_鼓楼_大慈阁 |url=https://www.sohu.com/a/620960665_121608043 |access-date=2024-12-14 |website=www.sohu.com}} Other major streets include Dongfeng Road and Chaoyang Avenue. There is a ring road around the city.

Baoding is home to Hebei University, North China Electric Power University with other 3 universities and 12 colleges.{{Cite web |last=网易 |date=2021-04-05 |title=河北保定:不大的城市,却有如此多的高校 |url=https://www.163.com/dy/article/G6RCH8V90541WCV0.html |access-date=2024-12-14 |website=www.163.com}}

=Historic sites=

File:ZhiLiGovernorMansion.jpg

Baoding contains a number of notable historic sites. In the city proper, there can be found a historic provincial governor's mansion and an ancient lotus garden. In the hills to the northwest of the city, near the suburb of Mancheng, there are the Mancheng Han Tombs, where Prince Liu Sheng and his wife Dou Wan were buried.

The greater Baoding administrative area has 16 designated state-level cultural relics:

  1. Yan State Capital Relics (475BC-221BC, Yixian County)
  2. Great Wall at Zijinguan Pass (1368–1644, Yixian County and Laiyuan County)
  3. Stele of Lao Tzu's Tao Te Ching (618-907, Yixian County)
  4. Western Qing Tombs (1730–1915, Yixian County)
  5. Geyuan Temple (916-1125, Laiyuan County)
  6. Ciyun Pavilion (1306, Dingxing County)
  7. Yicihui Stone Pillar (550-577, Dingxing County)
  8. Kaiyuan Temple (960-1127, Dingzhou County)
  9. Kaishan Temple (618-907, Gaobeidian County)
  10. Dingzhou Porcelain Kiln Relic (960-1127, Quyang County)
  11. Beiyue Temple (386-543, Quyang County)
  12. Jin-cha-ji Border Region Headquarters Ruins (1938, Fuping County)
  13. Ranzhuang Underground Tunnel (1937–1945, Qingyuan County)
  14. Mancheng Han Tombs (154BC-113BC, Mancheng County)
  15. Zhili Provincial Governor Office (1730–1911, Baoding)
  16. Historical Site of the Baoding Military Academy (1902–1923)

Notable people

Sister cities

Baoding is twinned with:{{cite web

|url = https://wsb.baoding.gov.cn/gjyc/list_24.html

|title = Sister cities 友好城市

|language = zh

|website=baoding.gov.cn

|publisher= Baoding Municipal People's Government Foreign Affairs Office

|access-date = 2023-02-22}}

|title=International Relations

|url=https://charlottenc.gov/international-relations/intlgovtrelations/Pages/Sister-Cities.aspx

|website=charlottenc.gov

|publisher=City of Charlotte

|access-date=2023-02-22

|archive-date=2022-09-27

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927182959/https://charlottenc.gov/international-relations/intlgovtrelations/Pages/Sister-Cities.aspx

|url-status=dead

}}

|url = http://www.city.yonago.lg.jp/16711.htm

|title = Sister cities 友好都市・姉妹都市

|language=Japanese

|website=city.yonago.lg.jp

|publisher=City of Yonago

|access-date = 2023-02-22}}

|url =http://www.pref.ehime.jp/h30100/global/industry/grobal.html

|title =International exchange activated with globalization

|website=pref.ehime.jp

|publisher=Ehime Prefecture

|access-date = 2023-02-22}}

|title=Vinabærinn

|url=https://www.hafnarfjordur.is/mannlif/menningararfur/vinabaerinn/

|website=hafnarfjordur.is

|date=28 June 2022

|publisher=Hafnarfjörður

|language=is

|access-date=2023-02-22}}

|title=Sister Cities/Friendship Cities姉妹都市・友好都市

|url=https://www.city.kushima.lg.jp/main/info/cat/cat8/

|website=city.kushima.lg.jp

|publisher=Kushima City Hall

|language=Japanese

|access-date=2023-02-22}}

|title=Sisterhood Cities Anguo Hebei Province China

|url=https://www.ddm.go.kr/eng/contents.do?key=1025

|website=ddm.go.kr

|publisher=Dongdaemun-gu

|access-date=2023-02-22}}

|title=Relationship between China and the Province of Ontario

|url=http://toronto.china-consulate.gov.cn/eng/topics/200311/t20031110_7186753.htm

|website=toronto.china-consulate.gov.cn

|publisher=Consulate-General Of The People's Republic Of China in Toronto

|access-date=2023-02-22}}

|title=Santiago圣地亚哥市

|url=http://hebwb.hebei.gov.cn/single/355/1907.html

|website=hebwb.hebei.gov.cn

|publisher= Hebei People's Association For Friendship With Foreign Countries

|language=Chinese

|access-date=2023-02-22}}

|title= Green Urban Denmark

|url= https://ens.dk/sites/ens.dk/files/Globalcooperation/green_urban_denmark_eng.pdf

|website=ens.dk

|publisher=The Danish Energy Agency and Danish Ministry of Housing, Urban and Rural Affairs

|language=

|access-date=2023-02-25}}{{cite web

|title=驻丹麦大使李瑞宇会见森讷堡市长Aase Nyegaard女士

|url= http://dk.china-embassy.gov.cn/zjsg/sgxw/201305/t20130509_3154079.htm

|website=China-embassy.gov.cn

|publisher=Embassy of the People's Republic of China in the Kingdom of Denmark

|language=Chinese

|access-date=2023-02-25}}

Gallery

File:BaodingTemple.jpg|Temple in the centre of old Baoding

File:Baoding 001.jpg|Dongfeng Road, Baoding

File:BaodingYuhuaRoad.jpg|Part of Yuhua Road, the main street of old Baoding

File:BaodingArch.jpg|Arch on Yuhua Road, old Baoding

File:BaodingIntersection.jpg|An intersection in Yuhua Road's shopping district

File:Baoding 002.jpg|The Wanbo Tower in a sunny afternoon, Baoding CBD

File:BaodingMonument.jpg|A civic monument

File:BaodingPark.jpg|A public park

File:BaodingPark2.jpg|A public park

File:BaodingCathedral.jpg|Baoding Cathedral

File:Baoding 010.jpg|Baoding Railway Station

File:Baoding 011.jpg|Baoding East Railway Station for High-Speed Rail Trains

File:BaodingBuses.jpg|Baoding city buses before 2007

File:Evening Baoding.JPG|Baoding in the evening

File:Baoding Railway station.JPG|Old Baoding railway station

File:BaodingRailwayStation.jpg|Old Baoding railway station

File:Baoding old quarter.JPG|Baoding Old Quarter

File:Baoding 008.jpg|Skylines in Baoding CBD

File:Baoding 006.jpg|Closer look at the Wanbo Tower in a sunny day

File:Baoding 007.jpg|Closer look at the Maoye Tower in a sunny day, Baoding CBD

File:Baoding 003.jpg|The Wanbo Plaza at night, Baoding CBD

File:Baoding 005.jpg|The Wanbo Plaza at night, Baoding CBD

File:Baoding 009.jpg|The Wanbo Plaza at night, Baoding CBD

See also

References

{{Reflist}}

  • {{cite book|title=The Boxer Rebellion: The Dramatic Story of China's War on Foreigners That Shook the World in the Summer of 1900|first=Diana|last=Preston|edition=illustrated, reprint|year=2000|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iWxKQejMtlMC|isbn=0802713610|access-date=24 April 2014}}