Baptism of Jesus

Mark, Matthew, and Luke depict the baptism in parallel passages. In all three gospels, the Spirit of God — the Holy Spirit in Luke, "the Spirit" in Mark, and "the Spirit of God" in Matthew — is depicted as descending upon Jesus immediately after his baptism accompanied by a voice from Heaven, but the accounts of Luke and Mark record the voice as addressing Jesus by saying "You are my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased", while in Matthew the voice states "This is my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased" (Matthew 3:13–17;{{bibleverse|Matthew|3:13–17}} Mark 1:9–11;{{bibleverse|Mark|1:9–11}} Luke 3:21–23).{{bibleverse|Luke|3:21–23}}Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible by James D. G. Dunn, John William Rogerson 2003 {{ISBN|0-8028-3711-5}} p. 1010The Synoptics: Matthew, Mark, Luke by Ján Majerník, Joseph Ponessa, Laurie Watson Manhardt 2005 {{ISBN|1-931018-31-6}} pp. 27–31

After the baptism, the Synoptic gospels describe the temptation of Jesus, where Jesus withdrew to the Judean desert to fast for forty days and nights.

Matthew's account is unique in several respects: He asserts that Jesus left Galilee for the purpose of being baptized by John (πρὸς τὸν Ἰωάννην τοῦ βαπτισθῆναι ὑπ’ αὐτοῦ). He includes a conversation between John and Jesus: In v. 14, John said: "I need to be baptized by you, and do you come to me?" Nevertheless, Jesus convinces John to baptize him "to fulfill all righteousness" (v. 15).The word δικαιοσύνη ("righteousness"), missing in Mark and used only once in Luke, is characteristic of Matthew. See 5:6, 10, 20; 6:1, 33; 21:32. Matthew records that the voice from heaven says "This is my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased", but does not indicate who is addressed.

File:Depiction of Baptism of Jesus by John the Baptist - I Yesus Church - Axum (Aksum) - Ethiopia (8701132677).jpg, Ethiopia]]

Mark's account is roughly parallel to that of Matthew, except for Matthew 3:14–15, which describes John's initial reluctance and eventual consent to baptize Jesus, which is not described by Mark. Mark uses an unusual word for the opening of the heavens, {{lang|grc|σχιζομένους}}, {{transliteration|grc|schizomenous}}, which means "tearing" or "ripping" (Mark 1:10). It forms a verbal thread (Leitwortstil) with the rending ({{lang|grc|ἐσχίσθη}}, {{transliteration|grc|eschisthē}}) of the Temple veil in Mark 15:38, inviting comparison between the two episodes.David Rhoads, Joanna Dewey, and Donald Michie 2012, Mark as Story: An Introduction to the Narrative of a Gospel, 3rd ed. Minneapolis, MN: Fortress Press, 48.

{{see also|Nativity of St. John the Baptist}}

Luke 1 begins with the birth of John the Baptist, heralded to his father, Zacharias, by the angel Gabriel. Six months later Gabriel appears to the Virgin Mary with an announcement of the birth of Jesus (the Annunciation). Gabriel also announces to Mary the coming birth of John the Baptist to her kinswoman Elizabeth, who is the wife of Zacharias. Mary immediately sets out to visit Elizabeth and stays with her until John's birth. Luke strongly contrasts the reactions of Zacharias and Mary to these two respective births; and the lives of John and Jesus are intertwined.

Luke uniquely depicts John as showing public kindness to tax collectors and encouraging the giving of alms to the poor (as in Luke 3:11).{{bibleverse|Luke|3:11}} Luke records that Jesus was praying when Heaven was opened and the Holy Spirit descended on him. Luke clarifies that the spirit descended in the "bodily form" of a dove, as opposed to merely "descending like" a dove. In Acts 10:37–38,{{bibleverse|Acts|10:37–38|NIV}} the ministry of Jesus is described as following "the baptism which John preached".

File:Ottavio vannini, san giovanni che indica il Cristo a Sant'Andrea.jpg in John 1:29,{{bibleverse|John|1:29|NIV}}The Lamb of God by Sergei Bulgakov 2008 {{ISBN|0-8028-2779-9}} p. 263 by Ottavio Vannini, 17th century.]]

In John 1:29–33,{{bibleverse|John|1:29–33}} rather than a direct narrative, John the Baptist bears witness to the spirit descending like a dove.Jesus of History, Christ of Faith by Thomas Zanzig 2000 {{ISBN|0-88489-530-0}} [https://archive.org/details/jesusofhistorych03edzanz/page/118 p. 118]

The Gospel of John (John 1:28){{bibleverse|John|1:28}} specifies "Bethabara beyond Jordan", i.e., Bethany in Perea as the location where John was baptizing when Jesus began choosing disciples, and in John 3:23{{bibleverse|John|3:23}} there is mention of further baptisms in Ænon "because there was much water there".Big Picture of the Bible – New Testament by Lorna Daniels Nichols 2009 {{ISBN|1-57921-928-4}} p. 12John by Gerard Stephen Sloyan 1987 {{ISBN|0-8042-3125-7}} p. 11

John 1:35–37{{bibleverse|John|1:35–37}} narrates an encounter, between Jesus and two of his future disciples, who were then disciples of John the Baptist.{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0VC1rzAtgFsC&q=%22John+the+Baptist%22&pg=PA291|title=The People's New Testament Commentary|first1=M. Eugene|last1=Boring|first2=Fred B. |last2=Craddock|year=2010|publisher=Westminster John Knox Press|isbn=978-0-664-23592-5|pages=292–93}}New Testament History by Richard L. Niswonger 1992 {{ISBN|0-310-31201-9}} pp. 143–46 The episode in John 1:35–37{{bibleverse|John|1:35–37|NIV}} forms the start of the relationship between Jesus and his future disciples. When John the Baptist called Jesus the Lamb of God, the "two disciples heard him speak, and they followed Jesus".Jesus of Nazareth by Duane S. Crowther 1999 {{ISBN|0-88290-656-9}} p. 77The Life and Ministry of Jesus: The Gospels by Douglas Redford 2007 {{ISBN|0-7847-1900-4}} p. 92A Summary of Christian History by Robert A. Baker, John M. Landers 2005 {{ISBN|0-8054-3288-4}} pp. 6–7 One of the disciples is named Andrew, but the other remains unnamed, and Raymond E. Brown raises the question of his being the author of the Gospel of John himself.The Disciple Whom Jesus Loved by J. Phillips 2004 {{ISBN|0-9702687-1-8}} pp. 121–23 In the Gospel of John, the disciples follow Jesus thereafter, and bring other disciples to him, and Acts 18:24–19:6{{bibleverse|Acts|18:24–19:6}} portrays the disciples of John as eventually merging with the followers of Jesus.The Gospel and Epistles of John: A Concise Commentary by Raymond Edward Brown 1988 {{ISBN|978-0-8146-1283-5}} [https://archive.org/details/gospelepistleso00brow/page/25 pp. 25–27]

According to the non-canonical Gospel of the Nazarenes, the idea of being baptized by John came from the mother and brothers of Jesus, and Jesus himself, originally opposed, reluctantly accepted it.Jerome, quoting "The Gospel According to the Hebrews" in Dialogue Against Pelagius III:2. Benjamin Urrutia suggests that this version is supported by the criterion of embarrassment, since followers of Jesus would not have invented an episode in which Jesus changes his mind and comes to accept someone else's plan. Plus, the story came from the community that included the family of Jesus, who would have guaranteed the authenticity of the narrative.Guy Davenport and Benjamin Urrutia, The Logia of Yeshua / The Sayings of Jesus (1996), {{ISBN|1-887178-70-8}} p. 51.

{{see also|Ministry of Jesus|New Testament places associated with Jesus}}

File:Sapsaphas Madaba.jpg showing Bethabara east of the Jordan River]]

File:Bethany (5).JPG ruins on the Jordanian side of the Jordan River were the location for the Baptism of Jesus and the ministry of John the Baptist.]]

The Gospel of John (John 1:28){{bibleverse|John|1:28|NIV}} states that John was baptising in "Bethany Beyond the Jordan". generally considered to be the town of Bethany, also called Bethabara in Perea, on the eastern bank of the Jordan river, near Jericho. In the 3rd century, Origen, who moved to the area from Alexandria, suggested Bethabara as the location.Jesus and Archaeology by James H. Charlesworth 2006, Eedrsmans {{ISBN|0-8028-4880-X}} pp. 437–39 In the 4th century, Eusebius of Caesarea stated that the location was on the west bank of the Jordan, and following him, the early Byzantine Madaba Map shows Bethabara as ({{lang|grc|Βέθαβαρά}}).

The biblical baptising is related to springs and a Wadi (al-Kharrar) close to the Eastern site of the Jordan River,The Synoptics by Jan Majernik, Joseph Ponessa and Laurie Manhardt 2005 {{ISBN|1-931018-31-6}} p. 29 not the Jordan itself.{{Cite news|title = Wo Johannes taufte|url = http://www.zeit.de/1999/52/199952.jordanien_.xml|newspaper = Die Zeit|access-date = 2015-12-09|date = 22 December 1999|publisher = Rosemarie Noack | last1=Noack | first1=Rosemarie }} The pilgrimage sites, important for both Christians and Jews, have shifted place during history. The site of Al-Maghtas (baptism, or immersion in Arabic) on the East side of the River in Jordan has been deemed the earliest place of worship. This site was found following UNESCO-sponsored excavations.{{Cite news|author=Staff writers|title=Israel will reopen (Israeli) site of the baptism of Jesus|url=http://www.asianews.it/news-en/Israel-will-reopen-%28Israeli%29-site-of-the-baptism-of-Jesus-22218.html|newspaper=AsiaNews.it|date=28 July 2011|access-date=2011-07-31}} Al-Maghtas was visited by Pope John Paul II in March 2000, and he said, "In my mind I see Jesus coming to the waters of the river Jordan not far from here to be baptized by John the Baptist".{{cite web|url=https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/travels/documents/hf_jp-ii_spe_20000322_al-maghtas_en.html|url-status=dead|title=Visit to Al-Maghtas Speech of the Holy Father|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716141128/https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/travels/documents/hf_jp-ii_spe_20000322_al-maghtas_en.html|archive-date=16 July 2012|publisher=Libreria Editrice Vaticana|date=22 March 2000|last1=John Paul II}} The Muslim conquest put an end to the Byzantine buildings on the east bank of the Jordan River. The later reverence took place just across the river in the West Bank at Qasr el Yahud.{{Cite web|url = http://www.timesofisrael.com/no-evidence-but-un-declares-jesus-baptised-on-jordan-side-of-river/|title = No evidence, but UN says Jesus baptized on Jordan's side of river, not Israel's|date = 13 July 2015|access-date = 26 November 2015|publisher =The Times of Israel}} The valley around the Dead Sea, which the Jordan River flows into from the North, is also the lowest place on planet Earth.{{Cite web|title=Lowest Places on Earth - Death Valley National Park (U.S. National Park Service)|url=https://www.nps.gov/deva/learn/nature/lowest-places-on-earth.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150306223529/http://www.nps.gov/deva/learn/nature/lowest-places-on-earth.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 March 2015|access-date=2020-09-14|website=www.nps.gov|language=en}}

{{Main|Chronology of Jesus}}

The baptism of Jesus is generally considered as the start of his ministry, shortly after the start of the ministry of John the Baptist.Jesus and the Gospels: An Introduction and Survey by Craig L. Blomberg 2009 {{ISBN|0-8054-4482-3}} pp. 224–29Christianity: An Introduction by Alister E. McGrath 2006 {{ISBN|978-1-4051-0901-7}}pp. 16–22The Cradle, the Cross, and the Crown: An Introduction to the New Testament by Andreas J. Köstenberger, L. Scott Kellum 2009 {{ISBN|978-0-8054-4365-3}} po. 140–41 Luke 3:1–2{{bibleverse|Luke|3:1–2|NIV}} states that:Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible 2000 Amsterdam University Press {{ISBN|90-5356-503-5}} p. 249The Bible Knowledge Background Commentary: Matthew-Luke, Volume 1 by Craig A. Evans 2003 {{ISBN|0-7814-3868-3}} pp. 67–69

In the fifteenth year of the reign of Tiberius Caesar—when Pontius Pilate was governor of Judea{{nbsp}}[...] the word of God came to John son of Zechariah in the wilderness.

There are two approaches to determining when the reign of Tiberius Caesar started. The traditional approach is that of assuming that the reign of Tiberius started when he became co-regent in AD 11, placing the start of the ministry of John the Baptist around AD 26. However, some scholars assume it to be upon the death of his predecessor Augustus Caesar in AD 14, implying that the ministry of John the Baptist began in AD 29.Luke 1–5: New Testament Commentary by John MacArthur 2009 {{ISBN|0-8024-0871-0}} p. 201

The generally assumed dates for the start of the ministry of John the Baptist based on this reference in the Gospel of Luke are about AD 28–29, with the ministry of Jesus with his baptism following it shortly thereafter.The Cradle, the Cross, and the Crown: An Introduction to the New Testament by Andreas J. Köstenberger, L. Scott Kellum 2009 {{ISBN|978-0-8054-4365-3}} p. 114Christianity and the Roman Empire: Background Texts by Ralph Martin Novak 2001 {{ISBN|1-56338-347-0}} pp. 302–03{{Cite book|title = Chronological Aspects of the Life of Christ | last = Hoehner| first = Harold W | author-link = Harold Hoehner|year= 1978|publisher=Zondervan |isbn= 0-310-26211-9|pages= 29–37| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=6z-NcR7fVSIC&q=CHronological+Aspects+of+the+Life+of+Christ}}

File:Baptism of Christ by Tiffany.jpg of Jesus's baptism by Tiffany]]

Nearly all scholars believe that John the Baptist performed a baptism on Jesus, and view it as a historical event to which a high degree of certainty can be assigned.[https://books.google.com/books?id=bNf13S3k2w0C&q=%22That+Jesus+was+baptized+by+John%22 The Gospel of Matthew] by Daniel J. Harrington 1991 {{ISBN|0-8146-5803-2}} p. 63Christianity: A Biblical, Historical, and Theological Guide by Glenn Jonas, Kathryn Muller Lopez 2010, pp. 95–96Studying the Historical Jesus: Evaluations of the State of Current Research by Bruce Chilton, Craig A. Evans 1998 {{ISBN|90-04-11142-5}} pp. 187–98 James Dunn states that the historicity of the baptism and crucifixion of Jesus "command almost universal assent".Jesus Remembered by James D. G. Dunn 2003 {{ISBN|0-8028-3931-2}} p. 339 Dunn states that these two facts "rank so high on the 'almost impossible to doubt or deny' scale of historical facts" that they are often the starting points for the study of the historical Jesus. John Dominic Crossan states that it is historically certain that Jesus was baptized by John in the Jordan.Who Is Jesus? by John Dominic Crossan, Richard G. Watts 1999 {{ISBN|0-664-25842-5}} pp. 31–32

In the Antiquities of the Jews (18.5.2) 1st-century historian Flavius Josephus also wrote about John the Baptist and his eventual death in Perea.Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible 2000 {{ISBN|90-5356-503-5}} p. 583Behold the Man: The Real Life of the Historical Jesus by Kirk Kimball 2002 {{ISBN|978-1-58112-633-4}} p. 654

The existence of John the Baptist within the same time frame as Jesus, and his eventual execution by Herod Antipas, is attested to by 1st-century historian Flavius Josephus and the overwhelming majority of modern scholars view Josephus' accounts of the activities of John the Baptist as authentic.Craig Evans, 2006 "Josephus on John the Baptist" in The Historical Jesus in Context edited by Amy-Jill Levine et al. Princeton Univ Press {{ISBN|978-0-691-00992-6}} pp. 55–58The New Complete Works of Josephus by Flavius Josephus, William Whiston, Paul L. Maier {{ISBN|0-8254-2924-2}} pp. 662–63 Josephus establishes a key connection between the historical events he recorded and specific episodes that appear in the gospels. The reference in the Antiquities of the Jews by Josephus to John's popularity among the crowds (Antiquities 18.5.2) and how he preached his baptism is considered a reliable historical datum.John the Baptist: Prophet of Purity for a New Age by Catherine M. Murphy 2003 {{ISBN|0-8146-5933-0}} p. 53 Unlike the gospels, Josephus does not relate John and Jesus, and does not state that John's baptisms were for the remission of sins.Jesus & the Rise of Early Christianity: A History of New Testament Times by Paul Barnett 2009 {{ISBN|0-8308-2699-8}} p. 122Claudia Setzer, "Jewish Responses to Believers in Jesus", in Amy-Jill Levine, Marc Z. Brettler (editors), The Jewish Annotated New Testament, p. 576 (New Revised Standard Version, Oxford University Press, 2011). {{ISBN|978-0-19-529770-6}} However, almost all modern scholars consider the Josephus passage on John to be authentic in its entirety and view the variations between Josephus and the gospels as indications that the Josephus passages are authentic, for a Christian interpolator would have made them correspond to the Christian traditions.Evans, Craig A. (2006). "Josephus on John the Baptist". In Levine, Amy-Jill. The Historical Jesus in Context. Princeton Univ Press. {{ISBN|978-0-691-00992-6}}. pp. 55–58Eddy, Paul; Boyd, Gregory (2007). The Jesus Legend: A Case for the Historical Reliability of the Synoptic Jesus Tradition. {{ISBN|0-8010-3114-1}}. p. 130

One of the arguments in favour of the historicity of the baptism of Jesus by John is that it is a story which the early Christian Church would have never wanted to invent, typically referred to as the criterion of embarrassment in historical analysis.Jesus of Nazareth: An Independent Historian's Account of His Life and Teaching by Maurice Casey 2010 {{ISBN|0-567-64517-7}} p. 35 Based on this criterion, given that John baptized for the remission of sins, and Jesus was viewed as without sin, the invention of this story would have served no purpose, and would have been an embarrassment given that it positioned John above Jesus.Jesus as a Figure in History: How Modern Historians View the Man from Galilee by Mark Allan Powell 1998 {{ISBN|0-664-25703-8}} p. 47The Historical Jesus: a Comprehensive Guide by Gerd Theissen, Annette Merz 1998 {{ISBN|0-8006-3122-6}} p. 207 The Gospel of Matthew attempts to offset this problem by having John feel unworthy to baptize Jesus and Jesus giving him permission to do so in Matthew 3:14–15.{{bibleverse|Matthew|3:14–15}}

The gospels are not the only references to the baptisms performed by John. In Acts of the Apostles, Peter refers to how the ministry of Jesus followed "the baptism which John preached".Who is Jesus?: An Introduction to Christology by Thomas P. Rausch 2003 {{ISBN|978-0-8146-5078-3}} p. 77 Another argument supporting the historicity of the baptism is that multiple accounts refer to it, usually called the criterion of multiple attestation.John the Baptist: Prophet of Purity for a New Age by Catherine M. Murphy 2003 {{ISBN|0-8146-5933-0}} pp. 29–30 Technically, multiple attestation does not guarantee authenticity, but only determines antiquity.Jesus and His Contemporaries: Comparative Studies by Craig A. Evans 2001 {{ISBN|0-391-04118-5}} p. 15 However, for most scholars, together with the criterion of embarrassment it lends credibility to the baptism of Jesus by John being a historical event.An Introduction to the New Testament and the Origins of Christianity by Delbert Royce Burkett 2002 {{ISBN|0-521-00720-8}} pp. 247–48Who is Jesus? by Thomas P. Rausch 2003 {{ISBN|978-0-8146-5078-3}} p. 36The Relationship between John the Baptist and Jesus of Nazareth: A Critical Study by Daniel S. Dapaah 2005 {{ISBN|0-7618-3109-6}} p. 91

Justus Knecht answers the question of why Jesus let himself be baptized by John:

File:PortAuPrinceMural.jpg,
Port-au-Prince, Haiti]]

1. He did not require to do penance, because He was without sin; but He had taken our sins upon Him to atone for them; therefore He humbled Himself, placed Himself on a level with sinners, and obediently subjected Himself to be baptized, as He had submitted before to be circumcised, and presented in the Temple. 2. He gave us thereby a lesson in humility and obedience, and has taught us that we too must fulfil all justice, i. e. promptly obey all the ordinances of God. 3. By His baptism He sanctified water, and gave to it the power of purifying and sanctifying the soul of man. In other words, He instituted the Sacrament of Baptism by which, under the outward sign of water, we receive remission of our sins.{{cite book|chapter=XII. Jesus is baptized by John and tempted by the Devil|title=A Practical Commentary on Holy Scripture|year=1910|publisher=B. Herder|first=Friedrich Justus|last=Knecht|author-link=Justus Knecht}}

He also notes that, "The opening of heaven signified that Heaven, which had been closed to man since the Fall, was now once more opened by Jesus."

Roger Baxter reflects on Christ's baptism in his Meditations:

The first act of Christ's public life was to present Himself to be baptized by His precursor, to teach us that those who are employed in the work of God should carry with them a pure and uncorrupted heart. He therefore takes leave of His divine Mother, who, although she grieved at the absence of such a Son, rejoiced that the redemption of Israel was at hand. He takes a long journey to the Baptist. The Lord goes to the servant to be baptized by him as a common sinner, among publicans and soldiers and the lowest order of the vulgar. Admire the humility of the Son of God, and convince yourself that humility is the best preparation for great works.{{cite book|chapter=Christ's Baptism|title=Meditations For Every Day In The Year|year=1823|publisher=Benziger Brothers|first=Roger|last=Baxter|author-link=Roger Baxter|location=New York}}

While the gospel of Luke is explicit about the Spirit of God descending in the shape of a dove, the wording of Matthew is vague enough that it could be interpreted only to suggest that the descent was in the style of a dove. Although a variety of symbolisms were attached to doves at the time these passages were written, the dove imagery has become a well known symbol for the Holy Spirit in Christian art.Clarke, Howard W. The Gospel of Matthew and its Readers: A Historical Introduction to the First Gospel. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2003.Albright, W.F. and C.S. Mann. "Matthew". The Anchor Bible Series. New York: Doubleday & Company, 1971. Depictions of the baptismal scene typically show the sky opening and the Holy Spirit descending as a dove towards Jesus.Medieval Art: A Topical Dictionary by Leslie Ross 1996 {{ISBN|978-0-313-29329-0}} p. 30

Artists usually tried to show the whole body of Christ as he stood in the water, which could give them difficulties. The reasonably coherent 6th-century mosaic image in the Arian Baptistry, Ravenna, with the water hemmed in by two banks, when used in many generations of copies in Western Europe, by artists unskilled in depicting visual recession, led to images like that in the Psalter of Eleanor of Aquitaine, where there appears to be a standing mound of water.

At least one attendant archangel, holding Christ's robe, and often another with a towel, became usual in medieval images.

File:Battistero degli ariani, int, mosaico della cupola 08 battesimo di cristo.jpg|Arian Baptistry, Ravenna, 6th-century mosaic. A classical personification of the Jordan attends at left.

File:Baptism of Jesus (Kells).jpg|High cross, Kells, Ireland, 10th century carving in stone

File:Images from the life of Christ - The baptism of Christ by St John the Baptist, an angel holds Christ's robe - Psalter of Eleanor of Aquitaine (ca. 1185) - KB 76 F 13, folium 019r.jpg|Miniature from the Psalter of Eleanor of Aquitaine ({{c.|1185}})

File:Andrea Mantegna - Baptism of Christ - WGA13978.jpg|Andrea Mantegna, {{c.|1505}}

File:Bautismo de Cristo por Navarrete el Mudo.jpg|Juan Navarrete, 1567

File:Porcelaine chinoise Guimet 281111.jpg|Chinese porcelain, Qing dynasty, early 18th century

File:Bogojavlenie.jpg|Eastern Orthodox icon

File:Gerard David - Triptych of Jan Des Trompes - WGA6031.jpg|Gerard David – The Baptism of Christ, {{c.|1505}}

File:Gregorio Fernández - Bautismo 20140703.jpg|Gregorio Fernández, {{c.|1630}}

File:Taufe Jesu, ehem. Dreifaltigkeitskapelle Kärlich.jpg|Relief in Kärlich, around the 17th century

File:Gelder, Aert de - The Baptism of Christ - c. 1710.jpg|Aert de Gelder, {{c.|1710}}

File:Gagarin KreschenieHristovo.jpg|Grigory Gagarin, {{c.|1840–1850}}

File:SAAM-1956.11.53 1.jpg|Giovanni Battista Tiepolo, Baptism of Christ, 18th century, Italy

File:Verrocchio, Leonardo da Vinci - Battesimo di Cristo.jpg|The Baptism of Christ by Andrea del Verrocchio and Leonardo da Vinci, {{circa|1475}}

{{Gospel Jesus}}

• Ænon
• Al Maghtas
• Bethabara
• Chronology of Jesus
• Epiphany (holiday)
• Jesus in Christianity
• Life of Jesus in the New Testament
• Mandaeism
• Ministry of Jesus
• New Testament places associated with Jesus
• Qasr el Yahud
• Sign of the Dove
• Transfiguration of Jesus

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{{Commonscat|Baptism of Jesus Christ}}

• [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02258b.htm Baptism of Jesus] – Catholic Encyclopedia

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Events}}

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