Barbara Judge

Barbara Sue Singer was born on 28 December 1946 at Doctor's Hospital in Manhattan, New York City, the daughter of Marcia (Bosniak) and Jules H. Singer.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=92bJlWbPeKMC&q=Barbara+Singer+1946+Jules+H.+and+Marcia+(Bosniak)+Singer|title = Who's who in the World|isbn = 9780837911106|author1 = Marquis|year = 1990| publisher=Marquis Who's Who }} Her father owned a small business; her mother was associate dean of students at New York Institute of Technology. Singer grew up in Saddle Rock, New York.{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1873&dat=19810316&id=vVAfAAAAIBAJ&pg=3626,50651|title=She's now at helm of SEC|last=Nemy|first=Enid|date=16 March 1981|newspaper=Daytona Beach Morning Journal}}

Judge frequently cited her mother as the most significant influence on her life and work.{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/lady-barbara-judge-chair-of-the-institute-of-directors-on-how-mothers-dementia-battle-helped-inspire-10488871.html|title=Lady Barbara Judge: How my mother's dementia battle inspired my alumni scheme|date=7 September 2015|website=The Independent|access-date=22 May 2016}} In her own work, Marcia Singer devised courses helping women into work, advising them "wear white gloves" – which meant dress appropriately – write a CV, and answer advertisements even though they said "men wanted".{{cite web |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/lady-barbara-judge-chair-of-the-institute-of-directors-on-how-mothers-dementia-battle-helped-inspire-10488871.html |title=Lady Barbara Judge: Chair of the Institute of Directors on how mother's dementia battle helped inspire her 'executive alumni' scheme |newspaper=The Independent |date=7 September 2015 |access-date= 14 June 2016}} Singer remained in work until she was 88 but was diagnosed with dementia soon after retirement. This experience shaped Judge's belief that remaining in work is crucial to longevity and happiness in old age. She has said that her mother taught her and many other women that a woman should work "not because they were poor or alone … [but] because they had a brain and they should use it and they should earn their own money, because money was independence". Her mother also taught that women "can have a serious career and also be a serious mother".{{cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2013/02/05/business/lady-judge-fukushima-japan-nuclear/|title=The woman powering Japan's nuclear hopes post-Fukushima.com|last=Davies|first=Catriona|date=5 February 2013|website=CNN|access-date=21 February 2016}}

In an interview with CNN, Judge said, "Growing up, my milieu was like Betty Draper in Mad Men – the one who goes to a good college, marries a nice guy and lives in Connecticut and has two children and slowly goes mad, and that could have been me if my mother hadn't told me there was another way."{{Cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/videos/world/2015/04/13/intv-amanpour-lady-barbara-judge.cnn|title='Once you're just "people," the dynamic changes' |website=CNN|date=13 April 2015 |access-date=22 May 2016}} Her personal ambition was to "...die at [her] desk"{{Cite web|url=http://www.director.co.uk/lady-barbara-judge-cover-story-8-april-2015/|title=Lady Barbara Judge|date=8 April 2015|website=Director|access-date=22 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160513232544/http://www.director.co.uk/lady-barbara-judge-cover-story-8-april-2015/|archive-date=13 May 2016|url-status=dead}}
- {{Cite news|url=https://www.thefemalelead.com/profile/lady-barbara-judge|title=Lady Barbara Judge|work=The Female Lead|access-date=12 April 2017}}

She earned a B.A. degree in medieval history from the University of Pennsylvania in 1966, writing her thesis on John, King of England.{{Cite news|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/28d1585a-98fd-11e3-a32f-00144feab7de.html|title=The Inventory: Barbara Judge|last=Lacey|first=As told to Hester|date=21 February 2014|newspaper=Financial Times|issn=0307-1766|access-date=23 May 2016}} She worked her way through university as a model, tutor, computer programmer and occasional waitress. She also met her first husband, Theodore Kozloff, there.{{Cite news|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/ca5fc8be-e5ce-11e3-a7f5-00144feabdc0,Authorised=false.html?siteedition=uk&_i_location=http%253A%252F%252Fwww.ft.com%252Fcms%252Fs%252F0%252Fca5fc8be-e5ce-11e3-a7f5-00144feabdc0.html%253Fsiteedition%253Duk&_i_referer=&classification=conditional_standard&iab=barrier-app#axzz49T063jcJ|title=Barbara Judge: 'If you want to be promoted, you have to let people know'|last=Hoyos|first=Carola|date=5 June 2014|newspaper=Financial Times|issn=0307-1766|access-date=23 May 2016}}{{cite news|title=Miss Singer Betrothed To Theodore J. Kozloff|newspaper=The New York Times|date=24 January 1967|url=https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FA0A10FE3A58117B93C6AB178AD85F438685F9}}

In 1969, she graduated from New York University School of Law, where she specialised in tax law, finishing with a Juris Doctor in 1969.[http://www.ukti.gov.uk/uktihome/aboutukti/item/123289.html Lady Barbara Thomas Judge – Business Ambassador Profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110118223828/http://www.ukti.gov.uk/uktihome/aboutukti/item/123289.html |date=18 January 2011 }}. UKTI (22 March 2011). Retrieved 13 April 2011
- [http://www.whartondubai09.com/bio-thomas.html "Lady Barbara Judge CW'66"]. Wharton, University of Pennsylvania. Retrieved 11 December 2011.[http://www.law.nyu.edu/alumni/almo/pastalmos/2009-10ALMOs/ladybarbarathomasjudge/index.htm "Alumna of the Month October 2009"], New York University School of Law, October 2009. Retrieved 11 December 2011.

She was a member of the Order of the Coif, a John Norton Pomeroy Scholar, a former editor of the New York University Law Review and the recipient of the Jefferson Davis Prize in Public Law. While at NYU School of Law, she received American Jurisprudence Prizes in Excellence in 15 out of 28 subjects; these prizes were awarded to the student with the highest grade in the course.{{cite web|url=https://www.sec.gov/about/annual_report/1983.pdf|title=49th Annual Report|date=1983|publisher=Securities and Exchange Committee|page=xvi|access-date=21 February 2016}}{{cite web|url=http://www.bekaert.com/en/Investors/Datacenter%20and%20downloads/Legal%20publications/~/media/Files/Investors/Corporate%20Governance/Legal%20publications/2007/07%2004%2013%20CV%20ENG%20Lady%20Judgepdf.ashx|title=Lady Judge (formerly known as Barbara S Thomas)|publisher=Bekaert|access-date=20 June 2013}}{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jk_uzzu36rgC&pg=PA268|title=American women managers and administrators:a selective biographical dictionary of twentieth-century leaders in business, education, and government, Greenwood 1985|page=268|access-date=20 June 2013|isbn=9780313237485|last1=Leavitt|first1=Judith A.|year=1985|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic }}

Her first job after graduation was in 1969 with the law firm Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison, where she worked as a corporate lawyer. In 1973, she joined the law firm Kaye, Scholer, Fierman, Hays, and Handler, where she specialised in corporate law and financial transactions, becoming a partner in 1978. At that time she married Allen L. Thomas.{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jk_uzzu36rgC&pg=PA268 |title=American Women Managers and Administrators|publisher=Greenwood Press|location=Westport and London|access-date= 3 June 2016|isbn=9780313237485 |last1=Leavitt |first1=Judith A. |year=1985 }}

In 1980, Barbara Thomas was appointed by President Carter as a member of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in Washington, D.C., for a five-year term. Her appointment was widely reported, being the youngest-ever SEC commissioner and only the second woman in the role. She was instrumental in opening U.S. capital markets to foreign companies.{{Cite web|last=Durr|first=Kenneth|date=|title=SEC Historical Society Interview with Barbara Thomas Judge|url=http://3197d6d14b5f19f2f440-5e13d29c4c016cf96cbbfd197c579b45.r81.cf1.rackcdn.com/collection/oral-histories/judge111305Transcript.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818154517/http://3197d6d14b5f19f2f440-5e13d29c4c016cf96cbbfd197c579b45.r81.cf1.rackcdn.com/collection/oral-histories/judge111305Transcript.pdf |archive-date=18 August 2016 |website=}} She also negotiated on behalf of the U.S. government to open the Tokyo Stock Exchange to foreign members, against opposition from some US financial commentators, who believed that American investors would be uninterested in Japanese stocks.{{Cite web|last=Durr|first=Kenneth|date=|title=Interview with Barbara Thomas Judge Conducted on November 13, 2005|url=http://3197d6d14b5f19f2f440-5e13d29c4c016cf96cbbfd197c579b45.r81.cf1.rackcdn.com/collection/oral-histories/judge111305Transcript.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818154517/http://3197d6d14b5f19f2f440-5e13d29c4c016cf96cbbfd197c579b45.r81.cf1.rackcdn.com/collection/oral-histories/judge111305Transcript.pdf |archive-date=18 August 2016 |website=|publisher=SEC Historical Society}} She later described these achievements as among the most significant of her career.{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/01/01/business/some-lincoln-investors-escape-loss-in-collapse.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm|title=Some Lincoln investors escape loss in collapse|last=Gerth|first=Jeff|date=1 January 1990|newspaper=The New York Times}}

Later, as Lady Judge, she was a deputy chairman of The Financial Reporting Council.[http://www.cbs19.tv/Global/story.asp?S=13839363 "Lady Barbara Judge: 'Kazakhstan is Embracing Nuclear Power'"]{{Dead link|date=June 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, CBS19. Retrieved 13 April 2011.

She also worked in various capacities for the British Government's Department of Trade and Industry and its Department for Constitutional Affairs, as well as a public member of the International Ethics Standards Board for Accountants.

In April 2010, Judge was appointed chairman of the Pension Protection Fund (PPF), which provides compensation to employees with pension schemes in bankrupt firms.{{cite web|url=http://www.engagedinvestor.co.uk/barbara-judge-appointed-chair-of-ppf/1459057.article|title=Barbara Judge appointed chair of PPF|last=Sheen|first=Andrew|date=9 April 2010|website=Engaged Investor|access-date=21 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303211036/http://www.engagedinvestor.co.uk/barbara-judge-appointed-chair-of-ppf/1459057.article|archive-date=3 March 2016|url-status=dead}}
- [http://www.pensionprotectionfund.org.uk/ABOUT-US/THEBOARD/Pages/barbarajudge.aspx "Lady Judge CBE "] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160301200510/http://www.pensionprotectionfund.org.uk/ABOUT-US/THEBOARD/Pages/barbarajudge.aspx |date=1 March 2016 }}. Pension Protection Fund. Retrieved 13 April 2011. She was the first woman to serve in the role. She was reappointed as chairman in 2013 and completed her second (and maximum) term in July 2016.{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/lady-barbara-judge-reappointed-as-chair-of-the-pension-protection-fund|title=Lady Barbara Judge reappointed as Chair of the Pension Protection Fund |date=31 May 2013|publisher=Department for Work and Pensions|access-date=21 February 2016}}
- {{Cite web|url=http://www.cityam.com/244750/lady-barbara-judge-outgoing-chairman-ppf-need-more-female|title=Lady Barbara Judge, the outgoing chairman of the PPF, on the need for more female executives and pensions protection|website=City AM|last=Boles|first=Tracey|date=5 July 2016|access-date=10 July 2016}} She advocated that the pension regulator be given the power to block companies from deals that would harm pension scheme members, referring to Sir Philip Green's sale of British Home Stores to Dominic Chappell.{{Cite web|url=https://next.ft.com/content/470d547e-3f7a-11e6-9f2c-36b487ebd80a|title=M&A that hurt pension schemes 'should be blocked' |last=Gordon |first=Sarah |website=Financial Times|publisher=Nikkei|date=3 July 2016}} {{subscription required}}
- {{Cite web|url=http://www.cityam.com/246565/unscrupulous-deals-should-scrutinised-and-potentially|title=New powers to stop bad deals for pensioners|website=City AM|last=Boles|first=Tracey|date=31 July 2016|access-date=5 August 2016}}
- {{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2016/07/30/empowering-the-pensions-regulator-could-stop-takeovers-ruining-f/|title=Empowering the Pensions Regulator could stop takeovers ruining firms' funds|newspaper=The Telegraph|date=30 July 2016|access-date=5 August 2016|last1=Judge|first1=Lady Barbara}} Judge was a supporter of auto-enrolment in pension schemes.{{Cite web|url=https://www.peoplemanagement.co.uk/voices/interviews/lady-barbara-judge-work-life-balance|title=Lady Barbara Judge on why she doesn't believe in work-life balance|last=Jeffery|first=Robert|website=People Management|date=25 January 2018|access-date=1 February 2018}}

In May 2016, Lady Judge was announced as the chairman-elect of Cifas, the UK's fraud prevention service. Cifas is a not-for-profit company working to protect businesses, charities, public bodies and individuals from financial crime. She succeeded Ken Cherrett in September 2016.{{cite web |url=http://finbuzz.com/lady-barbara-judge-cbe-joins-cifas-new-chairman/ |title=Lady Barbara Judge CBE joins Cifas as new Chairman |newspaper=Finbuzz |access-date=2 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160530224150/http://finbuzz.com/lady-barbara-judge-cbe-joins-cifas-new-chairman/ |archive-date=30 May 2016 |url-status=dead }}

In February 2018, Judge was appointed chair of the Astana Financial Services Authority in Kazakhstan.{{Cite web|url=https://www.inform.kz/en/lady-barbara-judge-joins-astana-financial-services-authority-as-chairman_a3159084|title=Lady Barbara Judge joins Astana Financial Services Authority as Chairman|website=Kazinform|date= 19 February 2018|access-date=14 June 2020}}

In November 1983, after the birth of her son, Barbara Thomas left the SEC and moved to Hong Kong with her husband to be a regional executive director at Samuel Montagu & Co.; by that appointment she became the first woman to be appointed an executive director of a British merchant bank.{{cite web|url=http://www.hsbcpb.com/aboutus/our-origins.html|title=Private Banking|publisher=HSBC Private Bank|access-date=21 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111016020210/http://hsbcpb.com/aboutus/our-origins.html|archive-date=16 October 2011|url-status=dead}} In 1987, she became senior vice president and group head of international private banking at Bankers Trust in New York.

In 1988, she gave a character reference for Charles Keating, a former client of Kaye, Scholer. Keating was head of Lincoln Savings and Loan Association and American Continental Corporation, two companies whose collapse a year later formed part of the Savings and Loan crisis; later she was one of a number of professionals named in a resulting class action. Judge disputed the claim but settled out of court to avoid a protracted court case.[http://www.leagle.com/xmlResult.aspx?xmldoc=19912164782FSupp1382_11939.xml&docbase=CSLWAR2-1986-2006 In re AMERICAN CONTINENTAL CORPORATION/LINCOLN SAVINGS AND LOAN SECURITIES LITIGATION], 782 F.Supp. 1382 (1991), p. 10f.
- {{cite web |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/judge-and-friend-shed-rather-forget-6955632.html |title=Judge and friend she'd rather forget |quote=I was one of a large number of people named in class action lawsuits at the time of the savings and loans business. There was an opportunity to settle without liability and I decided to do that rather than face higher and higher costs and because the case could have gone on for a long time.|newspaper=Evening Standard|location=London|date=12 September 2004|access-date=3 June 2016}}

In 1994, she moved from New York to London with her husband and her son, whom she wanted to raise in England. Subsequently, she worked in the private equity industry in the UK, including an acquisition of Scotia Haven Food Group and Whitworths Food Group; she also founded Private Equity Investor plc.

In 1993, Barbara Thomas was an executive director of Rupert Murdoch's News International.{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/barbara-judge-joins-board-of-hibob-hr-startup-2016-8|title=One of the UK's most high-profile businesswomen is joining the board of a 2-month-old tech startup|last=Cook|first=James|website=Business Insider|date=2 August 2016|access-date=25 March 2020}}

Judge was the first woman on the Board of Overseers of the Wharton School of Management at the University of Pennsylvania and a founding director of the Lauder Institute of Management at Wharton, as well as a member of the Board of Trustees of New York Institute of Technology.{{cite web|url=http://www.nyit.edu/president/board_of_trustees/|title=Board of Trustees - President|publisher=New York Institute of Technology|access-date=21 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160213100117/http://www.nyit.edu/president/board_of_trustees/|archive-date=13 February 2016|url-status=dead}}

Judge was on the governing bodies of the School of Oriental and African Studies, Sabancı University, the Energy Institute at University College, London, and the Ditchley Foundation.{{cite web|url=http://www.ditchley.co.uk/news/post/129-tessa-jowell-discusses-gender-equality-at-first-ditchley-businesswomen-briefing-hosted-by-lady-judge|title=Tessa Jowell discusses gender-equality at first Ditchley businesswomen briefing hosted by Lady Judge|publisher=The Ditchley Foundation|access-date=3 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005064253/http://www.ditchley.co.uk/news/post/129-tessa-jowell-discusses-gender-equality-at-first-ditchley-businesswomen-briefing-hosted-by-lady-judge|archive-date=5 October 2016|url-status=dead}}

She was a trustee of the Wallace Collection.{{Cite web|url=http://number10.gov.uk/page4330|archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20040116235613/number10.gov.uk/page4330|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 January 2004|title=The Wallace Collection|publisher=The Prime Minister's Office|via= The National Archives|access-date=23 May 2016}} She was an Honorary Visiting Professor in Experiential Leadership and Head of Council for the Cass Global Women's Leadership Programme, completing her one-year term in June 2018.{{Cite web|url=https://www.city.ac.uk/news/2018/june/carol-sergeant-cbe-is-new-chair-of-global-womens-leadership-programme|title=Carol Sergeant CBE is new Chair of Global Women's Leadership Programme|author=Amy Ripley|date=11 June 2018|publisher=City, University of London|access-date=14 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613185741/https://www.city.ac.uk/news/2018/june/carol-sergeant-cbe-is-new-chair-of-global-womens-leadership-programme|archive-date=13 June 2018|url-status=dead}}
- {{cite news|title=Lady Barbara Judge to head Cass Global Women's Leadership Programme|url=https://www.city.ac.uk/news/2017/april/lady-barbara-judge-to-head-cass-global-womens-leadership-programme|access-date=12 April 2017|publisher=City, University of London|date=4 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170413072323/https://www.city.ac.uk/news/2017/april/lady-barbara-judge-to-head-cass-global-womens-leadership-programme|archive-date=13 April 2017|url-status=dead}}

In January 2016, Lady Judge was appointed the first female chairman of the Advisory Board of the Association for Consultancy and Engineering (ACE), succeeding Sir John Armitt.{{Cite web|url=http://www.acenet.co.uk/lady-barbara-judge-cbe-appointed-chairman-of-ace-advisory-board-as-part-of-its-diversity-commitments/3848/6/1/25|title=Lady Barbara Judge, CBE appointed Chairman of ACE Advisory Board as part of its diversity commitments|publisher=ACE|access-date=23 May 2016}} {{dead link|date=June 2020}}

She was a trustee of Historic Royal Palaces, Inc{{Cite web|url=http://www.hrp.org.uk/support-us/who-are-our-supporters/|title=Our supporters|publisher=Historic Royal Palaces |access-date=23 May 2016}}{{Failed verification|date=June 2020|reason=No mention of her}} and of the Royal Academy of Arts, where she was an active fundraiser and chairman of the Benjamin West Patrons Group.{{Cite web|url=https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/royal-academy-trust|title=The Royal Academy Trust |publisher=Royal Academy of Arts|access-date=23 May 2016}}
- {{Cite web|url=https://royal-academy-production-asset.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/99627299-bc4a-4dcb-ae50-414e893e7a09/RA+Annual+Report+2013-14.pdf|title=RA Annual Report 2013|website=|page=42|access-date=14 June 2020}}

She was also a visiting fellow of the University of Oxford Saïd Business School at the Centre for Corporate Reputation.{{cite web|url=http://www.sbs.ox.ac.uk/community/people/lady-judge|title=Lady Judge|access-date=3 June 2016|publisher=University of Oxford Saïd Business School|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160828111003/http://www.sbs.ox.ac.uk/community/people/lady-judge|archive-date=28 August 2016|url-status=dead}}

Judge funded a scholarship for black African women to study at the School of Oriental and African Studies in London.{{Cite web|url=https://scholarship-positions.com/lady-barbara-judge-scholarship-women-soas-university-london-uk/2018/12/04/|title=Lady Barbara Judge Scholarship for Women in UK, 2019|date=4 December 2018|publisher=Scholarship Positions|access-date=10 December 2018}} She sat on the advisory board for Accelerate-Her, a network in support of women working in technology.{{Cite web|url=https://accelerateher.co/#/|title=About us|publisher=Accelerate-Her|access-date=14 June 2020}}

Judge was chairman of the management board of SNOMED International, a not-for-profit organization that owns, administers and develops SNOMED CT.{{Cite web|url=http://www.snomed.org/our-organization/governance-and-advisory|title=Governance and Advisory - Management Board|publisher=SNOMED International |access-date=14 June 2020}} She was appointed to Dementia UK's Board of Trustees in January 2015.{{Cite web|url=https://www.dementiauk.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Dementia-UK-Annual-Report-print-version_low-res.pdf|title=Trustees' Report and Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended 31 March 2015|publisher=Dementia UK|access-date=14 June 2020}} She was an advisor to The Cambridge Code, a firm providing software-based diagnostic tools.{{Cite web|url=https://thecambridgecode.com/team/|title=Team – The Cambridge Code|publisher=The Cambridge Code|access-date=2 May 2019}} {{failed verification|date=June 2020|reason=No mention of her.}}

Judge was on the board of the US coal group Massey Energy. Her principal role there was corporate governance, but also included roles on the finance, safety, environmental and public policy committees at the time of the Upper Big Branch Mine disaster that killed 29 workers in Beckley, West Virginia. She resigned from the board three weeks after the disaster, citing other ongoing business activities.{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703757504575195070711065984|title=Judge Resigns from Massey Board|date=23 April 2010|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|last1=Hughes|first1=Siobhan|access-date=11 November 2015}} Judge was not personally criticised in the official report into the disaster, written by the US Government's Mine Safety and Health Administration. Before the disaster, Judge and other directors were criticised by CtW Investment Group, a shareholder activist group affiliated with the Change to Win Federation, a coalition of American labour unions including the International Brotherhood of Teamsters. CtW questioned Judge's ability to devote sufficient time to the Massey board role; she went on to be re-elected to the board unopposed.{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/7611790/Lady-Judge-resigns-from-coal-mining-firm-Massey-Energy.html|title=Lady Judge resigns from coal mining firm Massey Energy|date=20 April 2010|work=The Telegraph|last1=Leonard|first1=Tom|access-date=11 November 2015}}
- {{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2015/oct/18/us-unions-call-on-iod-chairman-to-quit-after-fatal-mine-blast|title=US unions call on IoD chairman to quit after fatal mine blast|last=Bowers|first=Simon|date=18 October 2015|website=The Guardian|access-date=23 May 2016}}

Lady Judge became a non-executive director in 2002, and in 2004 the chairman, of the UK Atomic Energy Authority (UKAEA). She was succeeded by Roger Cashmore in 2010, after the sale of the UKAEA's decommissioning business to Babcock International Group in 2009.[http://www.uk-atomic-energy.org.uk/about_history.html History] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101024100808/http://www.uk-atomic-energy.org.uk/about_history.html |date=24 October 2010}}, United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority.
- [http://www.uk-atomic-energy.org.uk/press10July27.html New chair of United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority Appointed] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120910124820/http://www.uk-atomic-energy.org.uk/press10July27.html |date=10 September 2012 }}, United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, 27 July 2010.

File:Lady Barbara Judge - World Economic Forum Annual Meeting Davos 2010.jpg in 2010]]

Judge's initial brief from government ministers was to "hold and fold" the UKAEA before shutting it down, at a potential loss of 2,800 jobs. Judge proposed an alternative plan, where the business would be built up, internationalised and then privatised. The agency's main business was decommissioning old British nuclear sites; Judge pushed for similar contracts on sites in the former Soviet Union and pursued partnerships in countries such as Korea. She also lobbied the Tony Blair government to end its opposition to nuclear power.{{cite web |url=http://www.infrastructure-intelligence.com/article/sep-2015/thinking-smart-interview-lady-barbara-judge |title=Thinking Smart: Interview with Lady Barbara Judge |newspaper=Infrastructure-intelligence|author=Antony Oliver|date=26 September 2015 |access-date= 6 June 2016}} These activities publicised the work of the agency amid an increase in positive sentiment towards nuclear power in the mid-'00s, with governments commissioning new reactors in order to meet carbon emission targets. She describes her time with UKAEA as "like spinning straw into gold", referring to her initial brief to close down the agency.{{cite web |url=http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/business/energy_and_environment/article322256.ece |title=Judge kept lights on for Britain's atomic industry |newspaper=The Sunday Times |date=20 June 2010 |page=11 |author=Dominic O'Connell |access-date=6 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160809104234/http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/business/energy_and_environment/article322256.ece |archive-date=9 August 2016 |url-status=dead }} In 2010, she was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) for services to the Nuclear and Financial Services Industries.{{London Gazette |issue=59446 |date=12 June 2010 |page= 7|supp=1}}

In October 2012, Judge was appointed deputy chairman of Tokyo Electric Power Company's Nuclear Reform Monitoring Committee and chairman of its Nuclear Safety Task Force.Photo in center with Dale E. Klein (left), former chairman of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, {{cite web|url=http://www.sankeibiz.jp/business/news/121012/bsd1210121113004-n1.htm|date=12 October 2012|website=SankeiBiz|language=ja|title=東電の原子力改革監視委が初会合 柏崎再稼働目指し、信頼回復図る|trans-title=TEPCO First Nuclear Reform Monitoring Committee Meeting|access-date=14 October 2012|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130219030259/http://www.sankeibiz.jp/business/news/121012/bsd1210121113004-n1.htm|archive-date=19 February 2013|url-status=dead}}
- [http://www.tepco.co.jp/en/press/corp-com/release/2012/1221806_1870.html Document Related to the First Nuclear Reform Monitoring Committee Meeting], press release, 12 October 2012, and [http://www.tepco.co.jp/en/press/corp-com/release/2012/1219543_1870.html Framework for the Nuclear Reform], TEPCO News press release, 11 September 2012 The Monitoring Committee is an advisory body of domestic Japanese and international experts which supervises the activities of the Task Force.{{cite web|url=http://www.nrmc.jp/en/about/index-e.html|title=About NRMC|date=11 September 2012|website=Nuclear Reform Monitoring Committee|access-date=21 February 2016}} Judge has argued that it is particularly appropriate for a woman to join the group, as women are typically the most vocal opponents of nuclear power.{{cite web|url=http://www.nrmc.jp/en/member/detail/1224355_5228.html|title=Lady Barbara Judge CBE, Deputy Chairman|date=24 January 2013|website=Nuclear Reform Monitoring Committee|access-date=21 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303203834/http://www.nrmc.jp/en/member/detail/1224355_5228.html|archive-date=3 March 2016|url-status=dead}} She believed nuclear energy is critical to the security of energy supply and its associated national security, and that nuclear power has as much of a role to play in carbon reduction as renewable energy sources.{{cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702304418404579465172040371470|author=Lady Barbara Judge|title=Countering Moscow — Europe's Nuclear Options |date=27 March 2014|website=The Wall Street Journal|access-date=21 February 2016}} {{subscription required}}
- {{Cite web|url=http://www.tregernomics.com/barbara-judge/|title=An Interview with Lady (Barbara) Judge|author=Adam Treger|date=28 March 2016|website=Tregernomics|access-date=23 May 2016}}

Judge has been on the International Advisory Board for the development of nuclear energy in the United Arab Emirates and has led a trade delegation to India to discuss how British companies could take part in the construction of six nuclear reactors at Jaitapur.Robin Pagnamenta, [https://www.thetimes.com/sunday-times-100-tech/hardware-profile/article/britain-stakes-its-claim-as-india-plans-biggest-nuclear-plant-dsg3f7wkwts "Britain stakes its claim as India plans biggest nuclear plant"], The Times, 21 February 2011 {{subscription required}}. Retrieved 14 June 2020. In 2016, Judge was appointed to the International Advisory Group of the Jordanian Atomic Energy Commission.{{cite web |url=http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/NP-Royal-recognition-for-Jordan-nuclear-program-0202167.html |title=Royal recognition for Jordan's nuclear program |newspaper=World Nuclear News|date=2 February 2016 |access-date= 6 June 2016}} She has called for a transition arrangement for the UK's membership of Euratom prior to Brexit and a structured relationship with Euratom thereafter.{{cite web | title=New nuclear deal with EU calls for delicate handling (letter)| work=Financial Times|date=4 May 2017|page=8|author=Barbara Judge | url=https://www.ft.com/content/ecefa4c6-2fea-11e7-9555-23ef563ecf9a | access-date=18 May 2017}} {{subscription required}}

In 2015, Lady Judge became the first woman to be appointed as Chairman of the 113-year-old Institute of Directors (IoD), the British members' organisation which works in promotion of company directors and corporate governance.{{cite web |url=http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/business/lady-barbara-judge-cbe-appointed-8633624 |title=Lady Barbara Judge CBE appointed new IoD chair |newspaper=Manchester Evening News|author=Alex Bell|date=12 February 2015 |access-date=14 June 2020}} Judge said she had a "three part mission" to her tenure, using her position to open doors for women to become chief executives; to encourage the IoD to host entrepreneurship; and to encourage older workers to remain in the workforce as both employees and paid mentors to younger generations of entrepreneurs.

File:Barbara Judge, Chairman Emeritus, UK Atomic Energy Authority and Rajive Kaul, Chairman, Nicco Group, India, at the 2011 Horasis Global Arab Business Meeting - Flickr - Horasis.jpg Chairman Rajive Kaul in 2011]]

She advocated for schools to instil self-belief and optimism in girls, and for female STEM students to be encouraged into traditionally male careers such as engineering.{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-41914806|title=Firms urged to put more women in top jobs|date=8 November 2017|work=BBC News|access-date=8 December 2017}} She believed that the emphasis on placing women into non-executive roles must be augmented by a similar effort to get women into chief executive roles, with companies helping to alleviate the "pressure points" for women with family responsibilities, which often include caring for elderly parents as well as children.{{Cite news|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/f790a76e-ed97-11e4-987e-00144feab7de,Authorised=false.html?siteedition=uk&_i_location=http%253A%252F%252Fwww.ft.com%252Fcms%252Fs%252F0%252Ff790a76e-ed97-11e4-987e-00144feab7de.html%253Fsiteedition%253Duk&_i_referer=&classification=conditional_standard&iab=barrier-app#axzz49OT5lIcd|title=We need female chief executives, not just non-executives|last=Judge|first=Barbara|date=29 April 2015|newspaper=Financial Times|issn=0307-1766|access-date=22 May 2016}} {{subscription required}}
- {{cite news|last1=Burton|first1=Lucy|title=City heavyweights call for action on diversity|url=http://telegraph.co.uk/business/2018/01/13/city-heavyweights-call-action-diversity/|work=Daily Telegraph|date=13 January 2018}} {{subscription required}} Judge has advised women in business to learn accountancy, explaining, "That's where the power lies." Judge also wanted the IoD to enable young entrepreneurs to connect with older executives, by pairing them in an alumni programme.

Referring to the pension deficit at British Home Stores, Judge called for the Pensions Regulator to have power of binding veto over mergers and acquisitions activity in firms of a certain size, so that a purchasing firm must present a detailed plan for addressing any deficit in the pension fund of the target firm.{{cite news|title=Veto sought for pensions regulator on M&A deals: Institute of Directors|url=https://www.ft.com/content/8e94f84e-8ec9-11e6-a72e-b428cb934b78|work=Financial Times|author=Cumbo, Josephine|date=11 October 2016|page=2|access-date=5 December 2016}} She also called for a corporate governance code for large privately owned companies.{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2017/02/18/new-era-scrutiny-business-requires-fresh-governance-code/|title=The new era of scrutiny for business requires a fresh governance code|work=Telegraph online|author=Barbara Judge|date=18 February 2017|access-date=5 March 2017}} {{subscription required}}

Judge called for the introduction of tax allowances to help adults learn new workplace skills. In a 2017 article for The Telegraph online, she argued that older workers and older entrepreneurs were needed to address the negative social impact of automation and an ageing population, and that older workers were often better placed to start their own businesses than their younger counterparts, many of whom lack contacts, capital and experience.{{cite news |last=Judge |first=Barbara |authorlink=Barbara Judge |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2017/01/14/golden-age-older-entrepreneur-looms-new-industrial-revolution/ |title=The Golden Age of the Older Entrepreneur Looms|work=Telegraph online|date=14 January 2017 |access-date=30 January 2017 }} {{subscription required}}

File:Barbara Judge 2015.jpg

Regarding Brexit, Judge called for Britain to establish a post-Brexit EU trade deal prior to leaving the Union, followed by a transitional period and tariff-free EU-UK trade thereafter.{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2017/03/04/plus-ca-change-not-comes-negotiating-new-eu-trade-deal/|title=Plus ça change? Not when it comes to negotiating a new EU trade deal|work=The Telegraph online|date=4 March 2017|access-date=5 March 2017}} {{subscription required}}
- {{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2017/10/28/brexit-confusion-exhausting-business-government-must-untangle/|title=Brexit confusion is exhausting for business, so the Government must untangle its contradictory statements|last=Judge|first=Barbara|work=The Telegraph online|date=28 October 2017|access-date=5 November 2017|issn=0307-1235}} {{subscription required}}
- {{Cite news|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/comment/comment/businesses-just-want-certainty-over-their-eu-employees-future-a3629366.html|title=Businesses just want certainty over their EU employees' future|work=Evening Standard|date=7 September 2017 |access-date=6 November 2017}} She also called for the British Government to clarify the rights of EU citizens already in the UK and of British citizens living in the EU, and to clarify the extent to which common rules and standards will be upheld with EU counterparts. She believed that "...creativity, confidence and patience" are the defining qualities of entrepreneurship, and that it is with these qualities that Britain will meet the challenges and opportunities of Brexit.{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2017/04/15/entrepreneurs-must-spot-opportunities-bumpy-ride-brexit/|title=Entrepreneurs must spot the opportunities in the bumpy ride of Brexit|work=The Telegraph Online|date=15 April 2017|access-date=17 April 2017}} {{subscription required}}
- {{cite news | title=Business also needs May's extra Brexit breathing space: Opinion| work=Financial Times|date=20 April 2017|page=13 | url=https://www.ft.com/content/095dc81c-24fc-11e7-a34a-538b4cb30025 | access-date=18 May 2017}} {{subscription required}}

Judge was suspended from the role on 9 March 2018 following press reports of allegations of racism and sexism made against her in the IoD office.{{cite web | title= IoD suspends chair after accusations of racism and sexism| url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-43342969|date= 9 March 2018| website= BBC News|publisher= BBC| access-date= 9 March 2018 }} The Guardian reported that Judge was "understood to have been recorded covertly by the IoD's director general, Stephen Martin" and to have said, "We have three inexperienced people doing a job [on the IoD's secretariat] when one experienced person could do it and they are making mistakes. And so the problem is we have one black and we have one pregnant woman and that is the worst combination we could possibly have. No, two blacks and one pregnant woman. I couldn't believe it!"{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/mar/09/institute-of-directors-suspends-barbara-judge-amid-claims-of-racism|title=Barbara Judge resigns from Institute of Directors amid racism claims |author=Simon Goodley|work=The Guardian|date=9 March 2018|access-date=14 June 2020}}

Later the same day, Judge resigned. In her resignation letter she wrote, "I continue to strongly refute the allegations made against me and remain deeply disturbed by the gross and conspiratorial mishandling of the process which has led to the damaging circumstances in which I and the Institute are now placed". Judge also said, "My acknowledgment that issues of race and pregnancy could complicate their removal both legally and from the standpoint of public perception is an observation I believe most lawyers would make, and that many non-lawyers also know to be true. I was addressing the likely consequences of their dismissal, not the reasons for it."{{cite web | title= Bosses' group head quits amid race row |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-43342971| last= Espiner| first= Tom|date= 9 March 2018| website=BBC News|publisher= BBC| access-date= 9 March 2018 }}

In September 2018, it was announced that Judge would be succeeded by Charlotte Valeur.{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/sep/02/institute-of-directors-appoints-charlotte-valeur-as-chair|title=Charlotte Valeur succeeds Barbara Judge as IoD chair|author=Rupert Jones|work=The Guardian|date=2 September 2018|access-date=14 June 2020}}

In 1967, she married Theodore J. Kozloff. After the two divorced, Judge married Allen L. Thomas in 1979 and the two would divorce in 2001.{{cite web|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/judge-and-friend-shed-rather-forget-6955632.html|title=Judge and friend she'd rather forget|date=13 April 2012|publisher=Standard.co.uk|access-date=1 September 2020}} In 2002, she married Paul Judge and would remain married until his death in 2017.

Judge was a restaurant reviewer for Forbes.com and formerly The Daily Telegraph and the Daily Express.{{cite web|url=http://www.express.co.uk/life-style/food/373958/Pretty-Prague-and-a-pop-up-restaurant|title=Pretty Prague and a pop-up restaurant|newspaper=Daily Express|date=28 January 2013|access-date=2 June 2016}}
- {{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/foodanddrink/9512254/Judges-verdict-the-best-ice-cream-in-London.html|title=Judge's verdict: the best ice cream in London|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|date=31 August 2012|author=Barbara Judge|access-date=2 June 2016}} Her Forbes column began in 2013 and was based on venues she visited on business trips. She had a particular interest in writing about desserts, a course she characterised as "...a free sin".{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/ladybarbarajudge/2013/06/24/passion-for-desserts/#7be4897d4f20|title=From Diet To Decadent, My Lifelong Passion For Desserts|author=Barbara Judge|website=Forbes|date=24 June 2013|access-date=22 May 2016}}

Judge died on 31 August 2020 from pancreatic cancer at her home in London, at age 73.{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/01/business/barbara-judge-dead.html|title=Barbara Judge, Lawyer, Banker and Entrepreneur, Dies at 73|work=The New York Times|date=1 September 2020}}

In 2010, Judge was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) for services to the Nuclear and Financial Services Industries.{{London Gazette|issue= 59446|supp=1|date=12 June 2010|page=7}}

File:Lady Judge in boardroom (cropped).JPG

Woman's Hour on BBC Radio 4 listed Judge as one of the 100 most powerful women in the UK.{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b007qlvb/features/power-list-100|title=BBC Radio 4, Woman's Hour Power list|date=1 January 1970|publisher=BBC|access-date=20 June 2013}} Square Mile magazine listed her in its "Top 100 Most Powerful People in the City of London".{{cite web |url=https://issuu.com/squareupmedia/docs/sm78 |title=The 100 Most Powerful People in the City|newspaper=Square Mile|issue=78|page=62-|date=|access-date=2 June 2016}} She also appears in lists of influential individuals compiled by Management Today and Debrett's.

In 2008, she was made an honorary graduate of the University of Suffolk.{{cite web |url=http://www.ucs.ac.uk/Alumni/Graduation-Gallery/HonoraryGraduates/Honorary%20Graduates.aspx |title=UCS Honorary Graduates |date=5 July 2016 |publisher=University of Suffolk |access-date=14 June 2020}} In 2012, she was awarded an honorary Doctor of Science degree from The University of Buckingham.{{cite web |url=http://www.buckingham.ac.uk/contact-us/information-for-the-media/press-releases/press-release-the-university-of-buckingham-honours-lady-barbara-judge-cbe-and-professor-philip-james-cbe/ |title=The University of Buckingham Honours Lady Barbara Judge CBE and Professor Philip James CBE |publisher=University of Buckingham |access-date=2 June 2016}} In 2015, she was awarded "Non-Executive Director of The Year for A Public Sector Organisation" title, in respect of her chairmanship of the Pension Protection Fund.{{cite web |url=https://www.nedawards.co.uk/winners |title=Winners |publisher=The Non-Executive Director Awards |access-date=14 June 2020}}

In 2011, the National Portrait Gallery purchased a portrait of Judge, by the photographer Alexander McIntyre.{{cite news |url=http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portraitLarge/mw216053 |title=Barbara (née Singer), Lady Judge |publisher=National Portrait Gallery |date=1 January 2011 |access-date=31 January 2017 }}

In 2017, Lady Judge was listed as one of the "100 Coolest People in UK Tech" by Business Insider{{cite web|title=The 100 Coolest People in UK Tech|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/uk-tech-100-slideshow-2017-10|website=Business Insider|access-date=7 October 2017}} and was given the Forward Ladies Lifetime Achievement

award.{{cite web | last=Murphy | first=Lizzie | title=Inspiring women honoured at national awards | website=Yorkshire Post |date=1 December 2017 | url=https://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/inspiring-women-honoured-at-national-awards-1-8888859 | access-date=8 December 2017}}

Judge was a well-known commentator and activist for women in business, being the first female director to be appointed to a British merchant bank, the first female executive director at News International and first female chairman of the Institute of Directors.{{Cite web|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2015/09/14/united-nations-ban-ki-moon-merkel/|title=We're Ready for a Madam Secretary-General|author=Barbara Judge|website=Foreign Policy|date=14 September 2015|access-date=22 May 2016}}

She argued that women have a moral and social responsibility to help other women. She has said her interest in the topic stems principally from her mother, but also from not having a daughter. When asked by a job interview panel at the Bank of England to name her greatest accomplishment, she replied that she had once taken a nine-month sabbatical to help her son Lloyd cope with dyslexia.{{cite web|last1=Evans|first1=Peter|title=Babs shows she can melt hearts|url=https://www.thetimes.com/business-money/article/babs-shows-she-can-melt-hearts-xkqnbcrsf|website=The Sunday Times|date=9 October 2016|publisher=News International|access-date=5 December 2016}} {{subscription required}}

{{Reflist}}

{{Commons category|Barbara, Lady Judge}}

• [http://www.diplomaticourier.com/news/topics/economy/1299-interview-lady-barbara-thomas-judge-u-k-business-ambassador Interview: Lady Barbara Thomas Judge, U.K. Business Ambassador] on The Diplomatic Courier
• [http://www.iod.com/ Institute of Directors ]
• [https://www.forbes.com/sites/ladybarbarajudge/ Forbes.com restaurant reviews]
• [https://www.dementiauk.org/ Dementia UK]

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Judge, Barbara Thomas, Lady}}

Category:1946 births

Category:2020 deaths

Category:20th-century American businesswomen

Category:20th-century American businesspeople

Category:20th-century British businesswomen

Category:21st-century American businesswomen

Category:21st-century American businesspeople

Category:21st-century British businesswomen

Category:American business executives

Category:American expatriates in the United Kingdom

Category:American women bankers

Category:American bankers

Category:American women business executives

Category:American women lawyers

Category:British people of American descent

Category:British women bankers

Category:Commanders of the Order of the British Empire

Category:Deaths from pancreatic cancer in England

Category:Kaye Scholer partners

Category:Members of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission

Category:New York Institute of Technology faculty

Category:New York University School of Law alumni

Category:Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison people

Category:People associated with SOAS University of London

Category:Businesspeople from Manhattan

Category:Lawyers from Manhattan

Category:University of Pennsylvania alumni

Category:Carter administration personnel

Category:Reagan administration personnel

Category:Wives of knights