Barbara Smuts

Smuts was born to Alice Smuts (1921–2020) and Robert ("Bob") Walter Schmutz (later anglicised to Smuts) in 1950. She has a brother, Robert Malcolm Smuts, born 1949. Smuts moved to Michigan with her family in 1960, and in 1969 to Ann Arbor whilst her mother obtained her Ph.D.{{Cite web|title=Alice Smuts Obituary (1921 - 2020) Ann Arbor News|url=https://obits.mlive.com/us/obituaries/annarbor/name/alice-smuts-obituary?pid=196974270|access-date=2021-08-29|website=Legacy.com}} She has an undergraduate degree from Harvard University in anthropology, and did a Ph.D. in neurological and biological behavioral science at Stanford Medical School with David Hamburg.[http://www.councilhd.ca/organize/smuts.htm Profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090322074217/http://www.councilhd.ca/organize/smuts.htm|date=2009-03-22}} at the Council of Human Development{{Cite web|title=Barbara Smuts|url=https://www.humansandnature.org/barbara-smuts|access-date=2021-08-29|website=Center for Humans & Nature|language=en}}

Much of Smuts' research concerns the development of social relationships between animals, particularly among chimpanzee and baboon populations.

In the 1970s she began studying animal behaviour at the University of Michigan, including research with Jane Goodall on chimpanzees in Gombe National Park, where she had a violent introduction to field research, being among four field researchers kidnapped and beaten by a Marxist revolutionary group.{{Cite book|author=Goodall, Jane|title=Jane Goodall-Beyond Innocence: An Autobiography in Letters, the later years |year=2001 |editor=Dale Peterson |place=New York|publisher= Houghton Mifflin Company|pages=[https://archive.org/details/beyondinnocencea00good/page/146 146]–147 |isbn=0-618-12520-5 |url=https://archive.org/details/beyondinnocencea00good |url-access=registration|quote=smuts.|accessdate=28 April 2010}}

Smuts began studies of wild baboons in 1976,{{Cite book|author=Smuts, B.B. |date=2009 |orig-year=First printing 1985| title=Sex and Friendship in Baboons|page=[https://archive.org/details/sexandfrienshipi0000unse/page/5 5]|url=https://archive.org/details/sexandfrienshipi0000unse |url-access=registration |quote= Sex and Friendship in Baboons . |place= New York|publisher= Aldine Publishing Co|isbn= 978-0-202-02027-3}} and her observations challenged the prevailing view of male dominance.{{Cite book |last=Jahme |first=Carole |title=Beauty and the Beasts: Women, Ape, and Evolution |publisher=Soho Press |year=2000 |isbn=1569472319 |location=New York |pages=94}} Studies she made of wild olive baboons in Tanzania and Kenya inspired her 1985 book Sex and Friendship in Baboons. The book, the fruit of two years' research, showed how two different groups of the same primate interact with each other socially. She determined that friendship was a critical predictor of sexual activity between male and female baboons: females preferred to mate with males that had previously engaged in friendly interactions with them and could interact with their other offspring as well.{{cite book | last= Smuts | first= Barbara B | title= Sex and Friendship in Baboons | publisher= Aldine | year= 1985 | isbn= 0-202-02027-4 | url-access= registration | url= https://archive.org/details/sexandfrienshipi0000unse }}

Smuts also carried out research into bottlenose dolphin social development, working extensively with Janet Mann.{{cite journal| doi= 10.1163/156853999501469| last= Mann| first= Janet| authorlink = Janet Mann|author2=Barbara Smuts| year= 1999 | title= Behavioral development in wild bottlenose dolphin newborns (Tursiops sp.)| journal= Behaviour| volume= 136| issue= 5| pages= 529–566| publisher= E J Brill| location= Netherlands | issn= 0005-7959 }}

Smuts' more recent research at the University of Michigan has focused on social behavior among dogs.[https://archive.today/20121215030939/http://sitemaker.umich.edu/barbara.smuts/home Barbara Smuts research profile] at [http://umich.edu UMich.edu]{{Cite web|title=Barbara Smuts {{!}} U-M LSA Department of Psychology|url=https://lsa.umich.edu/psych/people/emeriti-faculty/bsmuts.html|access-date=2021-08-29|website=lsa.umich.edu|language=en}}

She received the American Psychological Association Award for Distinguished Scientific Early Career Contribution to Psychology (Area: Animal Learning and Behavior) in 1988.{{Cite web |title=APA Distinguished Scientific Awards for an Early Career Contribution to Psychology |url=https://www.apa.org/about/awards/early-career-contribution?tab=4 |access-date=2023-09-24 |website=www.apa.org}}

• Wrangham, R. and Smuts, B. B. (1980). "Sex differences in the behavioural ecology of chimpanzees in the Gombe National Park, Tanzania." Journal of Reproduction and Fertility. Supplement, 28, 13–31.
• Smuts, B.B. (2009. First printing 1985) [https://books.google.com/books?id=BHBIlzJxM9QC&q=%22+Sex+and+Friendship+in+Baboons+%22 Sex and Friendship in Baboons] New York: Aldine Publishing Co. {{ISBN|978-0-202-02027-3}}
• Smuts, B.B., Cheney, D.L. Seyfarth, R.M., Wrangham, R.W., & Struhsaker, T.T. (Eds.) (1987). Primate Societies. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. {{ISBN|0-226-76715-9}}
• {{Cite journal|last=Smuts|first=B.|date=March 1995|title=The evolutionary origins of patriarchy|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24202828/|journal=Human Nature (Hawthorne, N.Y.)|volume=6|issue=1|pages=1–32|doi=10.1007/BF02734133|issn=1045-6767|pmid=24202828|s2cid=17741169}}
• {{Citation|last1=Smuts|first1=Barbara B.|title=Male Aggression and Sexual Coercion of Females in Nonhuman Primates and Other Mammals: Evidence and Theoretical Implications|date=1993|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rsheQy7E4loC&pg=PA1|work=Advances in the Study of Behavior|pages=1–63|access-date=2021-08-29|last2=Smuts|first2=Robert w.|isbn=9780080582832}}

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• [https://web.archive.org/web/20080609080952/http://www.lsa.umich.edu/psych/people/directory/profiles/faculty/?uniquename=bsmuts Barbara Smuts faculty profile] at the University of Michigan

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Category:1950 births

Category:Living people

Category:American anthropologists

Category:American primatologists

Category:Discover (magazine) people

Category:Harvard University alumni

Category:Stanford University School of Medicine alumni

Category:University of Michigan faculty

Category:Women primatologists