Bargate stone
{{short description|Highly durable form of sandstone used for building}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
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File:St Mary and All Saints, Dunsfold.jpg]]
Bargate stone is a highly durable form of sandstone. It owes its yellow, butter or honey colouring to a high iron content.{{Cite web|url= https://www.guildfordsociety.org.uk/Bargate_Stone.html|title= Bargate Stone in the Guildford Area|publisher= Guildford Society |date= 23 October 2017 }} In some contexts it may be considered to be a form of ironstone{{citation needed|date=August 2021}}. However, in the context of stone buildings local to the extraction of Bargate Stone, the term 'ironstone' is often used to refer to a darker stone, also extracted from the Greensand, which rusts to a brown colour.{{cite web |url= https://www.spelthorne.gov.uk/media/2310/Repair-and-Maintenance-of-Stone-Buildings/pdf/advisory_leaflet_9_repair_and_maintenance_of_stone_buildings.pdf |title= Repair and maintenance of stone buildings |publisher= Spelthorne Borough Council }}
Sources
This stone was quarried for centuries in the Bargate Member of the Greensand Ridge, particularly where it is widest in south west Surrey, England. It occurs near the surface and was quarried in the hillsides near Godalming. Medieval quarries are still visible in Godalming, at the foot of Holloway Hill.
Bargate stone is rare in current use due to its short supply. Bath stone, Yorkstone and other similar coloured stone is sometimes used as alternatives, or to complement it{{citation needed|date=August 2021}}.
Petrography
Bargate stone is typically a mix of sandy bioclastic limestone and bioclastic sandstone. The intergranular cements comprise ferroan carbonate.{{Cite web |last1= Lott |first1= Graham |last2= Cameron |first2= Don |url= http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/11879/1/lott_cameron.pdf |title=The building stones of South East England : Mineralogy and provenance |publisher= British Geological Survey |access-date=2021-08-10 |archive-date=2021-05-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510081145/https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/11879/1/lott_cameron.pdf |url-status=dead }}
Use
Bargate Stone is found in many buildings in Surrey, approximately 250 of which are listed, and in two churches in London.[http://list.english-heritage.org.uk/results.aspx Advanced Search by text 'Bargate'] less Bargate Farmhouse and Street/Lane/Bargate meaning road It is endemic to older buildings near the Greensand Ridge where it is found.
Its 20th-century use tended towards coursed use of Bargate sandstone with bricks, or concrete, sometimes with ashlar dressings or mortar rendering.Pinewoods {{National Heritage List for England|num=1192323|accessdate=24 October 2013}}
=Examples=
==Early medieval==
File:Guildford Castle - geograph.org.uk - 1441343.jpg
- The Keep at Guildford Castle.The Castle Keep, Castle Hill (Guildford) {{National Heritage List for England|num=1377881|accessdate=24 October 2013}} It was a credit to the strength of Bargate that it was chosen for the main structure, standing on top of the natural chalk and Bargate stone bedrock, made it available by quarrying in the locality.
- Godalming Parish Church, Grade I listed assisted by Saxon features.
- Church of St. Mary and All Saints, Dunsfold
- St Nicholas's Church Compton, Guildford (Bargate rubble used, mortar-rendered)St Nicholas's Church, Compton {{National Heritage List for England|num=1188621|accessdate=24 October 2013}}
- Church of St. Mary the Virgin (12th-century tower only), Oxted in Tandridge District, east SurreyChurch of St. Mary the Virgin, Oxted {{National Heritage List for England|num=1189608|accessdate=24 October 2013}}
- St Mary's Church, (relevantly mostly in clunch from its own Quarry Street) Guildford{{National Heritage List for England|num=1377918|accessdate=24 October 2013}}
- St James's Church, Abinger{{National Heritage List for England|num=1378082|accessdate=24 October 2013}}{{#tag:ref|Tower parapet only|group= n}}
- All Saints Church, Witley, SurreyAll Saints, Witley {{National Heritage List for England|num=1260732|accessdate=24 October 2013}}
==16th Century==
Tillingbourne Cottage, Wotton, Surrey{{National Heritage List for England|num=1378102|accessdate=24 October 2013}}
==17th Century==
==18th Century==
==19th Century==
- St Catherine's School/Drama Studio, GuildfordSt Catherine's 'School' {{National Heritage List for England|num=1377893|accessdate=24 October 2013}}
- St Stephen's Church, Gloucester Road, London (York stone parpoints and dressings in Bath stone){{#tag:ref|By Joseph Peacock|group= n}}St Stephen's Church, Kensington {{National Heritage List for England|num=1293603|accessdate=24 October 2013}}
- St Nicholas's Church, GuildfordSt Nicholas's Church, Guildford {{National Heritage List for England|num=1029291|accessdate=24 October 2013}}
- St Michael's Church, York Town, CamberleySt Michaels Church, Camberley {{National Heritage List for England|num=1030037|accessdate=24 October 2013}}
- The Shah Jahan Mosque, completed in 1889 along with similar-coloured Bath stone, but a limestone not a sandstone
- Charterhouse School (completed 1872)Charterhouse School, Main Building {{National Heritage List for England|num=1190288|accessdate=24 October 2013}}
Charterhouse School, Old Museum House {{National Heritage List for England|num=1190406|accessdate=24 October 2013}}{{#tag:ref|By Sir Edwin Lutyens|group= n}} - St Stephen's Church, Rochester Row, Westminster{{National Heritage List for England|num=1235247|accessdate=24 October 2013}}{{#tag:ref|by architect Benjamin Ferrey - Bargate here described not as sandstone but ragstone|group= n}}St Stephen's Church {{National Heritage List for England|num=1235247|accessdate=24 October 2013}}
- Booker's Tower{{NHLE |desc=Bookers Tower Guildford |num= 1188100 |grade=II |date=15 March 1988}}
- Munstead Wood{{#tag:ref|By Lutyens|group= n}}Munstead Wood {{National Heritage List for England|num=1261159|accessdate=24 October 2013}}
- Chinthurst Hill{{#tag:ref|By Lutyens|group= n}}Chinthurst Hill {{National Heritage List for England|num=1260635|accessdate=24 October 2013}}
- Grafham Grange School, Bramley{{#tag:ref|By Henry Woodyer as architect's home, now school|group= n}}Grafham Grange{{National Heritage List for England|num=1249489|accessdate=24 October 2013}}
- St James' Court, Farnham{{#tag:ref|By Henry Woodyer, formerly a church|group= n}}St James' Court{{National Heritage List for England|num=1378283|accessdate=24 October 2013}}
- St Johns Church, Caterham{{#tag:ref|William Bassett Smith and Thomas Graham Jackson|group= n}}St John's Church, Caterham{{National Heritage List for England|num=1294940|accessdate=24 October 2013}}
==20th Century==
- The Pergola, Vann Park and Garden, HambledonPergola {{National Heritage List for England|num=1000302|accessdate=24 October 2013}}
- Pinewoods, Oxshott
- Tigbourne Court, Wormley (blocks with thin horizontal bands of tiles)
- Hascombe Court, HascombeHascombe Court {{National Heritage List for England|num=1384634|accessdate=24 October 2013}}{{#tag:ref|By J D Coleridge, for Robert EA Murray and later for Sir John Jarvis|group= n}}
- Platform of war memorial, Bramshott, Hampshire{{#tag:ref|Mostly made of Doulton stone|group= n}}War memorial platform, Bramshott {{National Heritage List for England|num=1392394|accessdate=24 October 2013}}
- St Tarcisius Church, Camberley — the War Memorial Church to the British Catholic army officers who died in World War I. North Lady Chapel has triple arches and a stone reredos depicting the Virgin and Child and angelsPergola {{National Heritage List for England|num=1391327|accessdate=24 October 2013}} Bath stone dressings{{#tag:ref|By Frederick Walters, dressings in Bath stone, many religious reredos including angels and the Virgin Mary|group= n}}
- Orchards by Edwin Lutyens and Gertrude Jekyll, BramleyOrchards (park and garden) {{National Heritage List for England|num=1001174|accessdate=24 October 2013}}
See also
- Reigate Stone quarried from the Upper Greensand Formation in east Surrey
Notes and references
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