Basement apartment
{{Short description|Apartment located below street level}}
A basement apartment or basement flat is an apartment located below street level, underneath another structure—usually an apartment building, but possibly a house or a business. Cities in North America are beginning to recognize these units as a vital source of housing in urban areas and legally define them as an accessory dwelling unit or "ADU".
Rent in basement apartments is usually much lower than it is in above-ground units, due to a number of deficiencies common to basement apartments. The apartments are usually cramped, and tend to be noisy, both from uninsulated building noises and from traffic on the adjacent street.David W. Chen, [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E02EFD6153CF936A15751C0A9629C8B63 Be It Ever So Low, the Basement Is Often Home], The New York Times (February 25, 2004). They are also particularly vulnerable to burglary, especially those with windows at sidewalk level. In some instances, residential use of below-ground space is illegal, but is done anyway in order for the building owner to generate extra income.
Homeowners will typically rent out basement apartments to tenants as a way to earn additional income so as to offset living expenses. Owning a home with a basement apartment can be an investment. Tenants will provide income to the home owner, reducing expenses, and equity will grow as the value of the property increases.{{cite web|title=Basement Apartment|url= https://basementbro.ca/blog/A-Step-By-Step-Guide-For-Converting-A-Basement-Into-A-Self-Sufficient-Apartment |publisher=Basement Bro |accessdate=7 Mar 2019}}
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Health risks to tenants
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Some health risks to people who live in basements have been noted, for example mold, radon, and risk of injury/death due to fire. It has been suggested that a basement suite is the last type of dwelling a tenant should look for because of the risk of mold.{{cite web |title=The Tenant's Guide to Mold |url=http://www.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/en/co/reho/reho_009.cfm |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130101011418/http://www.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/en/co/reho/reho_009.cfm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-01-01 }} However, due to demand for affordable housing, basement suites are often the only available housing for some low-income families and individuals.{{cite journal|author1=Alina Tanasescu |author2=Ernest Chui Wing-tak |author3=Alan Smart|title=Tops and bottoms: State tolerance of illegal housing in Hong Kong and Calgary|journal=Habitat International|date=October 2010|volume=34|issue=4|pages=478–484|doi=10.1016/j.habitatint.2010.02.004|hdl=10722/222187|hdl-access=free}}
Airborne spores can cause mold to grow in damp and unventilated areas, such as basements. Presence of mold can lead to "respiratory symptoms, respiratory infections, allergic rhinitis and asthma",{{cite web|last=World Health Organization Europe|title=Damp and Mould: Health risks, prevention and remedial actions|url=http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/78636/Damp_Mould_Brochure.pdf|accessdate=28 September 2012}} as well as personal belongings being contaminated by mold.
Basement suite tenants are more likely to be injured or die due to a fire in the house.{{cite web|last=Apartment Ratings|title=4 Safety Tips When Living in Basement Apartments|url=http://ohmyapt.apartmentratings.com/4-safety-tips-when-living-in-basement-apartments.html|work=Health & Safety|accessdate=28 September 2012}}{{cite news|last=CBC News|title=1 dead in Edmonton house fire|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/edmonton/1-dead-in-edmonton-house-fire-1.1200084|access-date=28 September 2012}} Many landlords do not follow fire code regulations, and often such regulations are not enforced by governments.{{cn|date=October 2023}}
During flooding, these apartments are extremely dangerous. When Hurricane Ida passed over the northeast of the United States as an extratropical storm, most of the deaths were caused due to flooding in basement apartments.{{Cite news|date=2021-09-02|title=What we know about the people who died in the flooding.|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/02/nyregion/ida-new-york-city-deaths.html|access-date=2021-09-24|issn=0362-4331}}{{Cite web|date=2021-09-04|title=New York floods: calls for action after 11 die in basement apartments|url=http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/sep/04/new-york-floods-11-die-basement-apartments|access-date=2021-09-24|website=the Guardian|language=en}}
Notable people
A number of noted artistic achievements have occurred in basement apartments occupied by struggling authors, painters, and musicians. Andy Warhol made one of his earliest films, Mrs. Warhol (black-and-white, 66 minutes), in the basement apartment of his house, where his mother (Julia Warhola) lived. Ruth McKenney based a series of stories in The New Yorker, later republished in the book My Sister Eileen, on her experiences living with her sister in a moldy, one-room basement apartment, directly adjoining the Christopher Street subway station on the {{NYCS trains|Broadway-Seventh local}}, at 14 Gay Street, in Greenwich Village for which she paid $45 a month ({{Inflation|US|45|1938|r=-1|fmt=eq}}).My Sister Eileen, pg. 197. The apartment was burgled within the first week during the six months they lived there.
See also
{{Portal|Architecture|Housing}}