Basil Davidson

Basil Davidson was born in Bristol, United Kingdom on 9 November 1914 and left school at 16 and moved to London.{{sfn|The Guardian|2010}} In 1938, he gained a job as the Paris correspondent of The Economist and later as the diplomatic correspondent of The Star.{{sfn|The Independent|2010}} He travelled widely in Italy and Central Europe in the 1930s.{{sfn|The Independent|2010}}

Davidson was recruited by the Secret Intelligence Service (SIS) and MI6, D Section. As part of his Mission, he was sent to Budapest, Hungary in December 1939 under the cover of establishing a news service. In April 1941, with the Nazi invasion, he fled to Belgrade, Yugoslavia. In May, he was captured by Italian forces and was later released as part of a prisoner exchange.Special Operations Europe: Scenes From the Anti-Nazi War, 1980, pp. 87–88.

From late 1942 to mid-1943, he was chief of the Special Operations Executive (SOE) Yugoslav Section in Cairo, Egypt, where he was James Klugmann's supervisor. He parachuted into Bosnia on 16 August 1943, and spent the following months serving as a liaison with the Partisans, as he would describe in his 1946 book, Partisan Picture. Davidson moved east into Srem and the Fruška Gora in Yugoslavia. He was nearly captured or killed several times. SOE posted him to Hungarian occupied Bačka to try to organize a rebel movement there, but Davidson found that the conditions were unsuitable and crossed back over the Danube into the Fruška Gora. The Germans encircled the Fruška Gora in June 1944 in a last attempt to liquidate the Partisans there, but Davidson and the others made a narrow escape. After Soviet forces entered into Yugoslavia, Davidson was airlifted out. Davidson had enormous appreciation for the Partisans and the communist leader Josip Broz Tito.{{citation needed|date=September 2021}}

From January 1945 Davidson was liaison officer with partisans in Liguria and Genoa, Italy. He was present for the surrender of the German forces in Genoa on 26–27 April 1945.Special Operations Europe: Scenes From the Anti-Nazi War, 1980, pp. 340–360. He finished the war as a lieutenant-colonel and was awarded the Military Cross and was mentioned in despatches on two occasions.{{sfn|The Guardian|2010}}

Davidson returned to journalism after the war. He was employed initially by The Times in Paris but was widely considered to have communist sympathies after his wartime role as the Cold War began. He left in 1949 and became the secretary of the pressure-group, the Union of Democratic Control (UDC) and began to work for the left-leaning New Statesman.{{sfn|The Guardian|2010}} However, the Cold War prevented him from returning to Central Europe and instead Davidson became interested in Africa after being invited to South Africa by trade unionists opposed to Apartheid. He published several articles and books critical of white-rule in South Africa and colonial rule in Africa, passing to the Daily Herald (1954–57) and the Daily Mirror (1959–62).

He began a career as a popular writer. He published five novels and 30 other books, mainly on African history and politics. These consolidated his reputation in the United Kingdom as one of the leading popular authorities on the continent in the era of independence. His book Lost Cities of Africa won the Anisfield-Wolf Award for best book in 1960.{{cite web|url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/obituary-basil-davidson-2442272|title=Obituary: Basil Davidson|newspaper=The Scotsman|date=13 July 2010}} From 1969, Davidson was involved in the Anti-Apartheid Movement and eventually became the movement's vice-president. He was a strong supporter of Pan-Africanism, especially from the 1980s, and was critical of the white-minority government in Rhodesia and of the American-backed União Nacional para a Independência Total de Angola (UNITA) in Angola.{{sfn|The Guardian|2010}} He spent long periods in Angola and in Eritrea during its war of independence from Ethiopia. In 1984, Davidson produced an eight-part documentary series for Channel 4 entitled Africa.{{sfn|The Guardian|2010}}

Although not an academic, Davidson gained a reputation as an authority on African affairs and received a number of honorary positions at universities, including the School of Oriental and African Studies. Davidson also gained honorary degrees from universities in Europe and Africa, as well as a number of civic decorations.{{sfn|The Guardian|2010}} In 1976, he won the Medalha Amílcar Cabral. He received honorary degrees from the Open University of Great Britain in 1980, and the University of Edinburgh in 1981. Davidson's Africa series won the Gold Award from the International Film and Television Festival of New York in 1984. In 2002 he was decorated by the Portuguese president Jorge Sampaio as Grande Oficial da Ordem do Infante D. Henrique.

• Partisan Picture. Bedford: Bedford Books, 1946
• Highway Forty: An incident. London: Frederick Muller, 1949.
• Report on Spain. London: Union of Democratic Control, 1951
• Report on Southern Africa. London: Cape, 1952
• Golden Horn (novel), Cape, 1952
• African Awakening. London: Cape, 1955
• Lost Cities of Africa, Little, Brown and Company, 1959
• Old Africa Rediscovered, Gollancz, 1959
• Black Mother: The Years of the African Slave Trade. Boston: Little Brown, 1961
• African Slave Trade: Precolonial History 1450-1850. Boston: Atlantic-Little Brown, 1961
• The African Past: Chronicles from Antiquity to Modern Times. London: Longmans, 1964
• Africa: History of a Continent London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1966
• African Kingdoms. Time-Life International (Nederland) N V, 1966
• Africa in History. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1968. {{ISBN|0297764055}}
• The Africans: An Entry to Cultural History. Boston, Mass: Little, Brown, 1969
• The African Genius. Boston, Mass: Little, Brown, 1969. {{ISBN|085255799X}}
• The Africans, Prentice Hall, 1969
• The Liberation of Guine, Penguin, 1969
• Black Star: A View of the Life and Times of Kwame Nkrumah, 1973. Praeger, New York, 1974
• In the Eye of the Storm: Angola's people, Doubleday, Garden City, N.Y., 1972. 1974
• A History of West Africa 1000-1800, Longman, 1977
• Let Freedom Come: Africa in Modern History, Little, Brown, Boston, 1978
• Scenes From The Anti-Nazi War, Monthly Review Press, 1980
• Special Operations Europe: Scenes from the anti-Nazi war. London: Gollancz, 1980. {{ISBN|0575028203}}
• No Fist Is Big Enough to Hide the Sky: The Liberation of Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde, 1963-74, 1981{{cite web |title=No Fist Is Big Enough to Hide the Sky: The Liberation of Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde, 1963-74 |url=https://www.bloomsbury.com/us/no-fist-is-big-enough-to-hide-the-sky-9781783605644/ |website=Bloomsbury |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing Inc |access-date=23 September 2021}}
• The Black Man's Burden: Africa and the Curse of the Nation-State, New York: Times Books, 1992
• African Civilization Revisited: From Antiquity to Modern Times, Trenton, N.J.: Africa World Press, 1991. 1995
• West Africa Before the Colonial Era, Longman, 1998

{{Reflist|30em}}

• {{cite news |last1=Brittain |first1=Victoria |author-link=Victoria Brittain|title=Basil Davidson obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2010/jul/09/basil-davidson-obituary |access-date=22 August 2020 |work=The Guardian |date=9 July 2010 |language=en|ref={{harvid|The Guardian|2010}} }}
• {{cite news |last1=Duodu |first1=Cameron|author-link=Cameron Duodu |title=Basil Davidson: Historian who changed Africans' Perceptions of Themselves |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/basil-davidson-historian-who-changed-africans-perceptions-of-themselves-2101854.html |access-date=22 August 2020 |work=The Independent|location=London |date=9 October 2010 |language=en |ref={{harvid|The Independent|2010}} }}

• {{cite journal |last1=Cliffe |first1=Lionel |title=Basil Davidson (1915–2010): A Tribute |journal=Review of African Political Economy |date=2010 |volume=37 |issue=126 |pages=497–500 |doi=10.1080/03056244.2010.539051|s2cid=154386473 |hdl=10.1080/03056244.2010.539051 |hdl-access=free }}

• [http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/80010283 Basil Risbridger Davidson (Oral History)] at Imperial War Museum
• {{YouTube |id=X75COneJ4w8 |title=AFRICA Episode 1 Different but Equal Written & Presented by Basil Davidson Executive Producer}}. Video duration 53 m 20 s, 6 January 2016. Consulted on 29 September 2022. Uploader Ousmane N'diaye. "PART 1 : A very well documented series on African History from way before, during and after Slavery trade and colonial period to contemporary times."

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Category:Yugoslav Partisans members