Batrachospermaceae

{{Short description|Family of algae}}

Batrachospermaceae{{Cite web |last1=Guiry |first1=M.D. |last2=Guiry |first2=G.M. |date=20 November 2019 |title=Family Batrachospermaceae |url=http://www.algaebase.org |website=AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway.}} is a family of freshwater red algae (Rhodophyta), a group of reddish plants found in rivers and streams. These algae have a distinct life cycle called the "Lemanea-type," starting with small reproductive cells known as carpospores that grow into a form called chantransia. This leads to a sporophyte phase, during which a process called meiosis—where cells divide to create new reproductive cells—takes place in a specialized cell at the filament’s tip, known as the apical cell, responsible for growth. This division results in the gametophyte, the stage of the algae that produces reproductive structures.{{Cite journal |last1=Entwisle |first1=Timothy J. |last2=Vis |first2=Morgan L. |last3=Chiasson |first3=Wayne B. |last4=Necchi |first4=Orlando Jr. |last5=Sherwood |first5=Alison R. |date=2009 |title=Systematics of the Batrachospermales (rhodophyta)—a Synthesis1 |journal=Journal of Phycology |language=en |volume=45 |issue=3 |pages=704–715 |bibcode=2009JPcgy..45..704E |doi=10.1111/j.1529-8817.2009.00686.x |issn=1529-8817 |pmid=27034046 |s2cid=37719928}} Various genera within this family are listed in the table below.

The structure of Batrachospermaceae is remarkable for its organization: each filament, or thread-like strand, grows from a single apical cell, a feature termed uniaxial.{{Cite book |last=Lee |first=Robert Edward |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/phycology/9DF8F636A0D4B28E74F6CC7A05C407DF |title=Phycology |date=2018 |publisher=Cambridge Core |isbn=978-1-316-40721-9 |language=en |doi=10.1017/9781316407219 |access-date=2019-11-19}} Inside their cells, they have pit connections—structures with two cap layers, one of which is enlarged—that help maintain strength and linkage between cells. These characteristics make Batrachospermaceae a notable group within the study of freshwater algae.{{Automatic taxobox

| image = Batrachospermum moniliforme.jpg

| image_caption = Batrachospermum moniliforme

| image_alt = Batrachospermum moniliforme

| taxon = Batrachospermaceae

| authority = C.Agardh

| subdivision_ranks = Genera

| subdivision_ref = {{Cite web |title=Batrachospermaceae C.Agardh, 1824 |url=http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=493875 |website=World Register of Marine Species |access-date=20 April 2018|language=en |year=2017}}

| subdivision = *Acaropsporophycos Necchi, 2019

• Balliopsis G.W.Saunders & Necchi, 2002
• Batrachospermum Roth, 1797
• Kumanoa Entwisle, M.L.Vis, W.B.Chiasson, Necchi & A.R.Sherwood, 2009
• Lympha J.R.Evans, M.L.Vis & I.S. Chapuis, 2017
• Montagnia Necchi & M.L.Vis 2019
• Nocturama Entwisle & M.L.Vis, 2016
• Nothocladus Skuja, 1934
• Petrohua G.W.Saunders, 2007
• Psilosiphon Entwisle, 1989
• Sheathia Salomaki & M.L.Vis, 2014
• Sirodotia Kylin, 1912
• Torularia Bonnemaison 1828
• Tuomeya Harvey, 1858
• Virescentia (Sirodot), Necchi, D.C.Agostinho & M.L.Vis, 2018
• Visia Necchi 2019
• Volatus I.S. Chapuis & M.L.Vis, 2017

}}

class="wikitable" |+Genera in Batrachospermaceae !Genus !Authority !Number of species

Acarposporophycos{{Cite journal|last1=Necchi|first1=Orlando Jr.|last2=Filho|first2=Auro Garcia|last3=Paiano|first3=Monica O.|date=2019|title=Revision of Batrachospermum sections Acarposporophytum and Aristata (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) with the establishment of the new genera Acarposporophycos and Visia|journal=Phytotaxa|language=en|volume=395|issue=2|pages=51–65|doi=10.11646/phytotaxa.395.2.1|s2cid=92415517 |issn=1179-3163}} |Necchi |1

Balliopsis{{Cite journal|last1=Saunders|first1=Gary|last2=Necchi Jr.|first2=Orlando|s2cid=86042629|date=2002-01-01|title=Nuclear rDNA sequences from Ballia prieurii support recognition of Balliopsis gen. nov. in the Batrachospermales (Florideophyceae, Rhodophyta)|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/238636624|journal=Phycologia|volume=41|issue=1 |pages=61–67|doi=10.2216/i0031-8884-41-1-61.1|bibcode=2002Phyco..41...61S }} |G.W. Saunders & Necchi |1

Batrachospermum{{Cite web |last1=Guiry |first1=M.D. |last2=Guiry |first2=G.M. |date=20 November 2019 |title=Family Batrachospermaceae |url=http://www.algaebase.org |website=AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway.}} |Roth |34

Kumanoa{{Cite web|url=https://www.algaebase.org/search/genus/detail/?genus_id=50932&-session=abv4:AC1F0365190130A9A2RnB046E0E0|title=Kumanoa Entwisle, M.L.Vis, W.B.Chiasson, Necchi & A.R.Sherwood, 2009 :: Algaebase|website=www.algaebase.org|access-date=2019-10-24}}{{cite journal | last1 = Entwisle | first1 = T.J. | last2 = Vis | first2 = M.L. | last3 = Chiasson | first3 = W.B. | last4 = Necchi | first4 = O. Jr.| last5 = Sherwood | first5 = A.R. | year = 2009 | title = Systematics of the Batrachospermales (Rhodophyta) - a synthesis | url = http://algae.thu.edu.tw/lab/2015_Meeting_FebJune/TsaiYin_2009_Systematics%20of%20the%20Batrachospermales.%20A%20synthesis.pdf | journal = Journal of Phycology | volume = 45 | issue = 3| pages = 704–715 | doi = 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2009.00686.x | pmid = 27034046 | bibcode = 2009JPcgy..45..704E | s2cid = 37719928 }} |Entwisle, M.L.Vis, W.B.Chiasson, Necchi & A.R.Sherwood |39

Lympha{{Cite journal|last1=Evans|first1=Joshua R.|last2=Chapuis|first2=Iara S.|last3=Vis|first3=Morgan L.|date=2017|title=Adding to the freshwater red algal diversity in North America: Lympha mucosa gen. et sp. nov. (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta)|journal=Algae|volume=32|issue=3|pages=171–179|doi=10.4490/algae.2017.32.9.8|issn=1226-2617|doi-access=free}} |J.R.Evans, I.S.Chapuis & M.L.Vis |1

Montagnia{{Cite journal|last1=Necchi|first1=Orlando Jr.|last2=Fo|first2=Auro Silva Garcia|last3=Paiano|first3=Monica O.|last4=Vis|first4=Morgan L.|s2cid=203412057|date=2019-11-02|title=Revision of Batrachospermum section Macrospora (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) with the establishment of the new genus Montagnia|journal=Phycologia|volume=58|issue=6|pages=582–591|doi=10.1080/00318884.2019.1624143|bibcode=2019Phyco..58..582N |issn=0031-8884|hdl=11449/196400|hdl-access=free}} |Necchi, M.L.Vis & A.S.Garcia |2

Nocturama{{Cite journal|last1=Entwisle|first1=Timothy J.|last2=Johnston|first2=Emily T.|last3=Lam|first3=Daryl W.|last4=Stewart|first4=Sarah A.|last5=Vis|first5=Morgan L.|date=2016|title=Nocturama gen. nov., Nothocladus s. lat. and other taxonomic novelties resulting from the further resolution of paraphyly in Australasian members of Batrachospermum (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta)|journal=Journal of Phycology|volume=52|issue=3|pages=384–396|doi=10.1111/jpy.12401|issn=1529-8817|pmid=27273531|s2cid=25810620|doi-access=|bibcode=2016JPcgy..52..384E }} |Entwisle & M.L.Vis |2

Nothocladus{{Cite journal|last=Craig W. Schneider and|first=Michael J. Wynne|s2cid=85986778|date=2007|title=A synoptic review of the classification of red algal genera a half century after Kylin's "Die Gattungen der Rhodophyceen"|journal=Botanica Marina|volume=50|issue=4|pages=197–249|doi=10.1515/bot.2007.025}} |Skuja |18

Petrohua{{Cite journal|last1=Vis|first1=Morgan L.|last2=Harper|first2=James T.|last3=Saunders|first3=Gary W.|date=2007|title=Large subunit rDNA and rbcL gene sequence data place Petrohua bernabei gen. et sp. nov. in the Batrachospermales (Rhodophyta), but do not provide further resolution among taxa in this order|journal=Phycological Research|language=en|volume=55|issue=2|pages=103–112|doi=10.1111/j.1440-1835.2007.00453.x|s2cid=86522456|issn=1440-1835}} |G.W.Saunders |1

Psilosiphon{{Cite journal|last=Entwisle|first=T.J.|date=1989|title=Psilosiphon scoparium gen. et sp. nov. (Lemaneaceae), a new red alga from south-eastern Australian streams.|journal=Phycologia|volume=28|issue=4|pages=469–475|doi=10.2216/i0031-8884-28-4-469.1|bibcode=1989Phyco..28..469E }} |Entwisle |1

Sheathia{{Cite journal|last1=Salomaki|first1=Eric D.|last2=Kwandrans|first2=Janina|last3=Eloranta|first3=Pertti|last4=Vis|first4=Morgan L.|s2cid=13351303|date=2014|title=Molecular and morphological evidence for Sheathia gen. nov. (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) and three new species|journal=Journal of Phycology|language=en|volume=50|issue=3|pages=526–542|doi=10.1111/jpy.12179|pmid=26988325|bibcode=2014JPcgy..50..526S |issn=1529-8817}} |Salomaki & M.L.Vis |19

SirodotiaGuiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 2017. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org/browse/taxonomy/?id=5033; searched on 20 August 2017.{{Cite web |url=http://jteb.webs.com/01-Sirodotia.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2017-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820201942/http://jteb.webs.com/01-Sirodotia.pdf |archive-date=2017-08-20 }} |Kylin |5

Torularia{{Cite journal|last1=Rossignolo|first1=Natalia L.|last2=Necchi|first2=Orlando Jr.|s2cid=87749796|date=2016|title=Revision of section Setacea of the genus Batrachospermum (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) with emphasis on specimens from Brazil|journal=Phycologia|volume=55|issue=4|pages=337–346|doi=10.2216/15-144.1|bibcode=2016Phyco..55..337R |issn=0031-8884}}{{Cite web |last=Wynne|first=Michael|date=2019|title=Torularia Bonnemaison, 1828, a generic name to be reinstated for Atrophycus Necchi & Rossignolo 2017 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330638942|website=ResearchGate}} |Bonnemaison |4

Tuomeya{{Cite journal|last=Harvey|first=W.H.|date=1858|title=Nereis boreali-americana: or, contributions to a history of the marine Algae of North America. Part III. Chlorospermeae.|journal=Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge|volume=10|pages=1–140}}{{Cite book|title=Freshwater Algae of North America, Ecology & Classification|url=https://archive.org/details/freshwateralgaen00shea|url-access=limited|last=Sheath|first=Robert G.|publisher=San Diego: Academic Press|year=2003|pages=[https://archive.org/details/freshwateralgaen00shea/page/n213 197]–224|isbn=978-0-12-741550-5 }} |Harvey |1

Virescentia{{Cite journal|last1=Necchi|first1=Orlando Jr.|last2=Agostinho|first2=Douglas C.|last3=Vis|first3=Morgan L.|s2cid=92778905|date=2018|title=Revision of Batrachospermum Section Virescentia (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) with the Establishment of the New Genus, Virescentia Stat. nov.|journal=Cryptogamie, Algologie|volume=39|issue=3|pages=313–338|doi=10.7872/crya/v39.iss3.2018.313|issn=0181-1568}} |(Sirodot) Necchi, D.C.Agostinho & M.L.Vis |7

Visia |Necchi |4

Volatus{{Cite journal|last1=Chapuis|first1=Iara S.|last2=Necchi|first2=Orlando Jr.|last3=Zuccarello|first3=Giuseppe C.|last4=Xie|first4=Shu-Lian|last5=Aboal|first5=Marina|last6=Castillo|first6=Pedro M. Sánchez|last7=Vis|first7=Morgan L.|s2cid=89721478|date=2017|title=A new genus, Volatus and four new species of Batrachospermum sensu stricto (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta)|journal=Phycologia|volume=56|issue=4|pages=454–468|doi=10.2216/16-73.1|bibcode=2017Phyco..56..454C |issn=0031-8884}} |I.S.Chapuis & M.L.Vis |3