Battle of Alcolea Bridge

{{Short description|1808 battle during the Peninsular War}}

{{Use shortened footnotes|date=May 2021}}

{{Infobox military conflict

|conflict=Battle of Alcolea Bridge

|partof=the Peninsular War

|coordinates={{coord|37.932|-4.673}}

|image={{Location map|Spain

| AlternativeMap =Peninsular War map 1807–1814.png

|lat_deg = 37.932

|lon_deg = -4.673

|width=300

}}

|date= 7 June 1808

|place=Alcolea, near Córdoba, Spain

|result=French victory

|combatant2={{flagicon|Spain|1785}} Spain

|combatant1={{flagicon|French First Empire}} First French Empire

|commander2=Pedro Echávarri

|commander1= Pierre Dupont

|strength2=3,000

|strength1=18,000

|casualties1=Unknown

|casualties2=Unknown

}}

{{Campaignbox Peninsular War: 1808}}

{{OSM Location map

| coord = {{coord|40.1|-3.3}}

| zoom = 5

| float = right

| nolabels = 1

| width = 304

| height = 220

| caption = {{legend|black|current battle}}

| title= Peninsular War: Spanish uprising 1808

| shapeD=n-circle

| shape-colorD=dark blue

| shape-outlineD=white

| label-sizeD = 12

| label-posD = left

| label-colorD = dark blue

| label-offset-xD =

| label-offset-yD =

| label1 = Dos de Mayo

| labela1 = Madrid

| mark-coord1 = {{coord|40.42|-3.7}}

| mark-title1 = Madrid Uprising May 1808

| label2 = Bruch

| mark-coord2 = {{coord|41.58|1.78}}

| mark-title2 = Battles of El Bruch June 1808

| label3 = Valdepeñas

| mark-coord3 = {{coord|38.77|-3.4}}

| mark-title3 = Battle of Valdepeñas June 1808

| label4 = Alcolea

| mark-coord4 = {{coord|37.93|-4.673}}

| mark-title4 = Battle of Alcolea Bridge June 1808

| label-color4 = black

| shape-color4 = black

| label5 = Cadiz

| mark-coord5 = {{coord|36.483333|-6.233333}}

| mark-title5 = Capture of the Rosily Squadron June 1808

| label6 = Cabezón

| mark-coord6 = {{coord|41.73|-4.65}}

| label-pos6 = bottom

| label-offset-x6=

| label-offset-y6=-5

| mark-title6 = Battle of Cabezón June 1808

| label7 = Zaragoza

| mark-coord7 = {{coord|41.65|-0.88}}

| mark-title7 = First siege of Zaragoza June 1808

| label8 = Girona

| mark-coord8 = {{coord|41.97|2.82}}

| mark-title8 = Battle of Girona June 1808
8.1 Second siege of Girona July 1808

| label9 = Valencia

| mark-coord9 = {{coord|39.47|-0.37}}

| mark-title9 = Battle of Valencia June 1808

| label10 = Rioseco

| mark-coord10 = {{coord|41.89|-4.99}}

| label-pos10 = top

| label-offset-x10=

| label-offset-y10=3

| mark-title10 = Battle of Medina de Rioseco July 1808

| label11 = Bailén

| mark-coord11 = {{coord|38.1|-3.8}}

| label-pos11 = right

| mark-title11 = Battle of Bailén July 1808

| label12 = Santander

| mark-coord12 = {{coord|43.46|-3.805}}

| mark-title12 = Evacuation of La Romana August 1808

}}

The Battle of Alcolea Bridge was a minor battle that took place on 7 June 1808, during the Peninsular War, at Alcolea, a small village 10 km from Córdoba, the city that would be invaded by French troops later that same afternoon.{{sfn|Foy|1827|pp=218–220}}

Background

The Dos de Mayo Uprising had put Iberia in revolt against French rule.

Battle

It is significant in that it was the first staged battle against regular Spanish troops that General Pierre Dupont de l'Étang fought in Andalusia after having left Toledo on 24 May, heading for Cádiz, with 18,000 troops. Although successive movements of French troops would be harried by Spanish guerrilleros fighting along the way, on both sides of the Sierra Morena and in the steep gorge (defile) of Despeñaperros that separates Castile-La Mancha (including Madrid) and Andalusia, Dupont met with no resistance there.

At Alcolea, some 3,000 regular troops, accompanied by some armed civilians, tried, unsuccessfully, to stop Dupont's vastly superior forces at the bridge over the Guadalquivir and were forced to retreat to Córdoba. Dupont went on to capture Córdoba that same day, his troops ransacking the city over four days.

The seventy troops Dupont had left to protect the bridge were later massacred by guerrillas led by Juan de la Torre, the mayor of the town of Montoro.{{sfn|Esdaile|2003|pp=253-254}}

One of the Spanish soldiers who fought at Alcolea was Pedro Agustín Girón, who would later become a minister of war, and who would also accuse General Echávarri of not having personally participated.{{sfn|Esdaile|2003|p=66}}

Aftermath

See also

Notes

{{Reflist}}

References

  • {{cite book | last=Foy | first=Maximilien Sébastien | year=1827 | title=History of the war in the Peninsula under Napoleon, to which is prefixed a view of the political and military state of the four belligerent powers | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P2LQHrePTHMC&dq=valdepe%C3%B1as+French+soldiers&pg=PA223 | access-date=4 May 2021 | publisher=countess Foy | pages=218–220}}
  • {{cite book | last=Esdaile | first=Charles | year=2003 | title=The Peninsular War: A New History | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3huwPLzjzYYC&q=alcolea | access-date=4 May 2021 | publisher=Palgrave Macmillan | isbn=978-1-4039-6231-7}}