Battle of Atbara

{{Infobox military conflict

| conflict = Battle of Atbara

| partof = the Mahdist War

| image = Atbara.jpg

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| caption = The Seaforth Highlanders at the battle: Richard Caton Woodville, Jr.{{Cite web|url=https://www.britishbattles.com/war-in-egypt-and-sudan/battle-of-atbara/|title=Battle of Atbara|website=www.britishbattles.com|accessdate=Sep 8, 2020}}

| date = 8 April 1898

| place = Confluence of the Nile and Atbara rivers, Sudan

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| result = Anglo-Egyptian victory

| status =

| combatant1 = {{flagicon|UK}} United Kingdom
{{flagicon|Egypt|1882}} Egypt

| combatant2 = {{flagicon image|Flag_of_the_Mahdi_movement_in_Sudan.svg}} Mahdist State

| commander1 = Horatio Herbert Kitchener

| commander2 = Mahmud Ahmad{{POW}}
Osman Digna

| strength1 = 14,000 troops

| strength2 = 12,000 infantry
3,000 cavalry

| casualties1 = {{Flagicon|United Kingdom}} 26 killed, 99 wounded
{{flagicon|Egypt|1882}} 57 killed, 386 wounded

| casualties2 = 2,000 killed+{{cite web|url=https://www.britishbattles.com/war-in-egypt-and-sudan/battle-of-atbara/|title=Battle of Atbara|work=BritishBattles.com}}
1,000 wounded
2,000 captured

| notes =

| campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Sudanese Mahdist Revolt}}

}}

{{main|Anglo-Egyptian conquest of Sudan}}

The Battle of Atbara also known as the Battle of the Atbara River took place during the Mahdist War. Anglo-Egyptian forces defeated 15,000 Mahdists on the banks of the River Atbara. The battle proved to be the turning point in the reconquest of Sudan by the British and Egyptian coalition.{{Cite book|author=Ziegler, Philip.|title=Omdurman|pages=32–4. Published Collins, London. 1973}}{{Cite book|author=Barthorp, Michael.|title=War on the Nile|pages=143–151. Published Blandford Press. 1984}}

Image:General Kitchener and the Anglo-egyptian Nile Campaign, 1898 HU93853.jpg after the battle.]]

By 1898, the combined British and Egyptian army was heading south, advancing up the Nile into Sudan. The Sudanese Mahdist leader, the Khalifa Abdallahi ibn Muhammad ordered the Emir Mahmud Ahmad and his 10,000 strong army of western Sudan northward towards the junction of the Nile and the River Atbara to engage the British and Egyptian army led by Herbert Kitchener.{{Cite book|author=Winston Churchill.|title=The River War Volume 1|pages=373–415, Chapter XII. Published Longmans. 1899}}

Encamping on the banks of the Atbara river by March 20, Mahmud, with Osman Digna's group of Mahdist warriors were within {{convert|20|mi|km}} of the British camp outpost at Fort Atbara at the confluence of the Atbara with the Nile. On April 4, after seeing that the Mahdists were unwilling to attack, Kitchener quietly advanced with the British and Egyptian army towards the Mahdist fortified camp just outside the town of Nakheila.

The Anglo-Egyptian attack began at 06:20 on 8 April 1898. Three brigades, the British Brigade led by William Gatacre, and two Brigades of the Egyptian Division led by Archibald Hunter, led the attack.{{Cite book|author=Winston Churchill.|title=The River War Volume 1| page=382 and Chapter XIII. Published Longmans. 1899}} After a brief artillery bombardment of the Mahdist camp, the combined British and Egyptian brigades attacked.{{Cite book|author=Winston Churchill.|title=The River War Volume 1|pages=416–448, Chapter XIII. Published Longmans. 1899}} Soon, the British and Egyptian troops were in the Mahdist camp, often fighting hand-to-hand with the Mahdist warriors. After 45 minutes, the battle was over as Osman Digna led a few thousand warriors on a retreat to the south, while most of the remainder were killed or captured, including Mahmud who was captured by loyal Sudanese troops of the Egyptian Brigade.

The battle was celebrated by the Scottish poet William McGonagall.