Battle of El Pla

{{Short description|1811 battle during the Peninsular War}}

{{more footnotes|date=January 2014}}

{{Use shortened footnotes|date=May 2021}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}

{{Infobox military conflict

|conflict=Battle of El Pla

|image=

|caption=

|partof=Peninsular War

|date=15 January 1811

|place=El Pla de Santa Maria, Catalonia, Spain

|coordinates={{Coord|41|22|N|1|17|E}}

|result=Spanish victory

|combatant1={{flagicon|France}} First French Empire

|combatant2={{flagicon|Spain|1785}} Kingdom of Spain

|commander1={{flagicon|France}} Jacques MacDonald
{{flagicon|Napoleonic Italy}} Francesco Eugenio{{KIA}}
{{flagicon|Napoleonic Italy}} Giuseppe Palombini

|commander2={{flagicon|Spain|1785}} Marquis Campoverde
{{flagicon|Spain|1785}} Pedro Sarsfield

|units1={{flagicon|France}} VII Corps

|units2={{flagicon|Spain|1785}} Army of Catalonia

|strength1=6,000

|strength2=3,800

|casualties1=600

|casualties2=160

}}

{{Campaignbox Peninsular War (1809-1812)}}

{{OSM Location map

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| title = Peninsular War: Aragón Catalonia

| caption = {{legend|black|current battle}}

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| label1 =

| mark-coord1 = {{coord|41.28|1.25}}

| mark-title1 = Battle of Valls at Valls, on 25 February 1809

| label2 =

| mark-coord2 = {{coord|41.99|2.83}}

| mark-title2 = Third siege of Girona at Girona, from 6 May to 12 December 1809

| label3 =

| mark-coord3 = {{coord|41.05|0.13}}

| mark-title3 = Battle of Alcañiz at Alcañiz, on 23 May 1809

| label4 = María

| mark-coord4 = {{coord|41.55|-0.99}}

| mark-title4 = Battle of María at María de Huerva, on 15 June 1809

| label5 =

| mark-coord5 = {{coord|41.3|-0.75}}

| mark-title5 = Battle of Belchite (1809) at Belchite, on 18 June 1809

| label6 =

| mark-coord6 = {{coord|41.54|2.21}}

| mark-title6 = Battle of Mollet at Mollet, on 21 January 1810

| label7 =

| mark-coord7 = {{coord|41.93|2.25}}

| mark-title7 = Battle of Vic at Vic, on 20 February 1810

| label8 =

| mark-coord8 = {{coord|41.61|0.63}}

| mark-title8 = Siege of Lérida at Lérida, on 23 April and 29 April to 14 May 1810

| label9 =

| mark-coord9 = {{coord|41.37|0.3}}

| mark-title9 = Siege of Mequinenza at Mequinenza, from 15 May to 8 June 1810

| label10 =

| mark-coord10 = {{coord|41.96|3.040556}}

| mark-title10 = Battle of La Bisbal at La Bisbal, on 14 September 1810

| label11 =

| mark-coord11 = {{coord|40.81|0.52}}

| mark-title11 = Siege of Tortosa (1810–11) at Tortosa, from 19 December 1810 to 2 January 1811

| label12 = El Pla

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| mark-title12 = Battle of El Pla at El Pla, on 15 January 1811

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| label13 =

| mark-coord13 = {{coord|41.12|1.25}}

| mark-title13 = Siege of Tarragona (1811) from 5 May – 29 June 1811
Siege of Tarragona (1813) from 3 to 11 June 1813

| label14 =

| mark-coord14 = {{coord|41.59|1.84}}

| mark-title14 = Battle of Montserrat at Montserrat, on 25 July 18117

| label15 =

| mark-coord15 = {{coord|42.27|2.97}}

| mark-title15 = Siege of Figueras (1811) at Figueras, from 4 April to 19 August 1811

| label16 =

| mark-coord16 = {{coord|41.67|1.27}}

| mark-title16 = Battle of Cervera (1811) at Cervera, from 4 to 14 October 1811

| label17 = Saguntum

| mark-coord17 = {{coord|39.68|-0.27}}

| mark-title17 = Battle of Saguntum at Saguntum, on 25 October 1811

| label-pos17 = top

| label18 = Valencia

| mark-coord18 = {{coord|39.47|-0.38}}

| mark-title18 = Siege of Valencia (1812) at Valencia, from 26 December 1811 – 9 January 1812

| label19 =

| mark-coord19 = {{coord|41.15|1.38}}

| mark-title19 = Battle of Altafulla at Altafulla, on 29 January 1812

| label20 = Castalla

| mark-coord20 = {{coord|38.6|-0.67}}

| mark-title20 = Battle of Castalla (1812) at Castalla, on 21 July 1812 and on 13 April 1813

| label21 =

| mark-coord21 = {{coord|41.40|1.85}}

| mark-title21 = Battle of Ordal at Ordal, on 13 September 1813

}}

The Battle of El Pla was a battle on 15 January 1811 between an Imperial French column made up of two Italian brigades on one side and a Spanish division under the command of Pedro Sarsfield on the other. The Spanish troops held steady and repulsed the attack of the first brigade, then counterattacked and defeated both brigades. The combat occurred during the Peninsular War, part of the Napoleonic Wars. The action was fought near El Pla de Santa Maria, north of Valls, Catalonia, Spain.

Background

The Siege of Tortosa ended on 2 January 1811 when the Spanish garrison surrendered to Louis Gabriel Suchet's III Corps. During the siege, Marshal Jacques MacDonald's VII Corps blocked the Catalan army of Luis González Torres de Navarra, Marquess of Campoverde from interfering with Suchet's operations.

Battle

With the siege finished, MacDonald moved toward Lleida (Lérida) with 12,000 troops. After reaching Valls, his vanguard commander Francesco Orsatelli (called Eugenio) heard that an enemy force was nearby and determined to attack it. Eugenio was mortally wounded and his brigade driven back by Sarsfeld's men. After Giuseppe Federico Palombini's brigade joined Eugenio's survivors, Sarsfield attacked again and defeated both Italian units. Only the intervention of a handful of French cavalry led by Jacques-Antoine-Adrien Delort prevented a complete disaster. After the day's action, MacDonald found that Campoverde's main force was coming up behind him. During the night, the French marshal force-marched his troops north to Montblanc on the road to Llieda, conceding the battlefield to the Spanish.

Aftermath

Forces

The Imperial forces included two battalions each of the 1st and 2nd Italian Light Infantry Regiments, two battalions each of the 2nd, 4th, and 5th Italian Line Infantry Regiments, and one battalion of the 8th Italian Line Infantry Regiment. There were also 30 cavalrymen from the Italian Royal Chasseurs à Cheval.{{sfn|Oman|1902d|p=353}} Two squadrons of the French 24th Dragoon Regiment became engaged at the end of the battle.{{sfn|Oman|1902d|p=243}}

Notes

{{Reflist|2}}

References

  • {{cite book | last=Oman | first=Sir Charles William Chadwick | year=1902d | title=A History of the Peninsular War | volume=IV | location=Oxford | publisher=Clarendon Press | url=https://archive.org/details/historyofpeninsu04oman | url-access=registration | access-date=24 May 2021}}
  • {{cite book | last=Smith | first=Digby | year=1998 | title=The Napoleonic Wars Data Book | location=London | publisher=Greenhill | isbn=1-85367-276-9}}

Further reading

  • {{cite book | last=Gates | first=David | year=2002 | title=The Spanish Ulcer: A History of the Peninsular War | location=London | publisher=Pimlico | isbn=0-7126-9730-6}}