Battle of Jangsari
{{Short description|Korean War battle}}
{{Redirect|Jangsari|the film about the battle|The Battle of Jangsari}}
{{Infobox Military Conflict
| conflict = Battle of Jangsari
| image =
| caption =
| partof = Korean War
| date = 15–19 September 1950
| place = Jangsari,at that time, called Jangsa-dong[https://terms.naver.com/entry.naver?docId=6645132&cid=70001&categoryId=70081 향토문화전자대전 - 장사리] Yeongdeok County, North Gyeongsang Province, South Korea.
| result = South Korean victory
- Achieved the operational purpose in spite of many casualties
| combatant1 = {{flagcountry|First Republic of Korea|1949|size=23px}}
| combatant2 = {{flag|North Korea|1948|size=23px}}
| commander1 = Lee Myung-heumHe later changed his name to Lee Jong-hoon
| commander2 = Unknown
| units1 = Independent 1st Guerrilla Battalion
(:ko:독립 제1유격대대)
| units2 = Subordinate units, KPA II Corps
| strength1 = 772 (estimate)
| strength2 = Unknown
| casualties1 = 139 killed in action (estimate)
| casualties2 = ~120–130 killed in action (estimate)
| campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Korean War}}
| image_size = 250
}}
The Battle of Jangsari ({{korean|장사리전투|長沙里戰鬪|Jangsari Jeaontu}}) or Operation Jangsa Landing ({{korean|장사상륙작전|長沙上陸作戰|Jangsa Sangnyuk Jakjeon|labels=no}}) was an amphibious invasion and a battle of the Korean War. The official report name for the operation was 'Operational Order 174' ({{korean|작전명령 174호|labels=no}}).
Background
In September 1950, UN Forces had an important plan of launching an all-out offensive along the entire "Pusan Perimeter", a {{convert|140|mi|km|adj=on}} defensive line around an area on the southeastern tip of South Korea after Inchon landing
The main objective was to block the supply route and therefore achieve disruption of the North Korean Army around Pusan Perimeter by hit-and-run tactics[http://theme.archives.go.kr/viewer/common/archWebViewer.do?singleData=Y&archiveEventId=0051844242 Action Report - Operation 174 from National Archives of Korea] and minor objective is to draw away North Korean Army's attention for the success of Inchon landing.
Battles
= Landing =
The landing force consisted of 'Independent 1st Guerrilla Battalion' (Estimate: Total 772 - 718 of student volunteer soldiers led by Republic of Korea Army including Captain Lee Myung-heum)
On 15 September, About at 05:00~06:00 in the morning, The battle group landed from LST Musan. The entire beach and Hill 200 of stronghold was captured by 14:50 at the cost of about 150 casualties (60 KIA, 90 WIA)[https://www.archives.go.kr/next/search/listSubjectDescription.do?id=008601&pageFlag=&sitePage= 독립 제1유격부대]
The ship, LST Musan, was stranded through landing.
= Defence =
On 17 September, North Korean army's counterattack began in earnest.
The Independent 1st Guerrilla Battalion defended the beach and stronghold for two days.
But due to shortages of ammunition, they began to prepare for a retreat.
= Withdrawal =
On September 19, the Independent 1st Guerrilla Battalion were covered by the 7th Fleet bombardment task force, which had USS Helena as their flagship.
39 of 5th Platoon, 2nd Company covered the escape but most were either killed or taken prisoners.
Finally, About above 600 survivors withdrew aboard the ROK Navy's LST Jochiwon.
Honor
In 1960, Douglas MacArthur sent the letter to commander Lee Myung-heum[https://www.kbmaeil.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=817842 꽃다운 영혼과 뜨거운 구국혼, 당신들을 잊지 않겠습니다][https://www.korea.kr/news/policyNewsView.do?newsId=148902404#policyNews 장사상륙작전, 잊혀진 영웅들을 찾다] (He later changed his name to Lee Jong-hoon)
Dear Chairman Lee Jong Hoon:
I was delighted to receive your letter of recent date telling of the formation of the 772 Volunteer Comrade Club. The operation they performed in support of the Incheon Landing was a brilliant one and worthy of the highest commendation. The valor and sacrifice of its members will always be a shining example for the youth of Korea. Please extend to its members my heartiest greetings and affectionate regards. I shall always remember them as loyal and devoted comrades-in-arms.
With best wishes, Most sincerely,
Douglas MacArthur
Memorial
Since 1960, comrade club had a memorial service.[https://newslibrary.naver.com/viewer/index.naver?articleId=1961091300239203013&editNo=1&printCount=1&publishDate=1961-09-13&officeId=00023&pageNo=3&printNo=12363&publishType=00020 盈德上陸戰(영덕상륙전)11周(주) 戰歿將兵慰靈祭(전몰장병위령제)]
On July 14 1980, the surviving Independent 1st Guerrilla Battalion formed the Jangsa Landing Operation Guerrilla Comrades Association. ({{korean|장사상륙작전참전유격동지회|labels=no}}), 51 years since the Jangsa landing operation, the comrades association held a national fund-raising campaign together with the monk of Cheongunsa Temple in Yangpyeong, Gyeonggi-do and established memorial monument on September 14 1991.[http://monthly.chosun.com/client/news/viw.asp?nNewsNumb=201607100025 최초공개 - 장사동상륙작전 중 좌초한 문산호(汶山號) 선장·선원 명단]
On March 6 1997, the forgotten battle of the Korean War was revealed to the public when the members of the 1st Marine Division Special Reconnaissance Unit, who were searching the shore in front of Jangsari, discovered Munsan in the tidal flat under the sea.[https://www.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/1997/03/06/1997030670111.html 영덕앞바다서 좌초 문산함…47년만에 인양]
A 2,000 tons replica of the LST Munsan was constructed as the Jangsa Landing Operation Commemorative Park.{{Cite web|title=문화재방송에 오신걸 환영합니다.|url=http://www.tntv.kr/board/sub_board.php?boardCode=B1203244095&idx=1464&md=v|access-date=2021-08-25|website=www.tntv.kr}}{{Cite web|date=2015-06-17|title=문산호 복원, 학도군 기념탑 설치 … '장사상륙작전 기념공원' 조성 착착|url=https://www.joongang.co.kr/article/18041246|access-date=2021-08-25|website=JoongAng Ilbo|language=ko}}{{Cite web|date=2020-06-03|title='장사상륙작전 전승기념관' 영덕 바다 위에 떴다|url=https://www.donga.com/news/Society/article/all/20200602/101333573/1|access-date=2021-08-25|website=The Dong-a Ilbo|language=ko}}
On 16 November 2020, The Memorial museum was opened.{{Cite web|title=장사상륙작전 전승기념관 준공식 개최 {{!}} 뉴스로|url=https://www.newsro.kr/%EC%9E%A5%EC%82%AC%EC%83%81%EB%A5%99%EC%9E%91%EC%A0%84-%EC%A0%84%EC%8A%B9%EA%B8%B0%EB%85%90%EA%B4%80-%EC%A4%80%EA%B3%B5%EC%8B%9D-%EA%B0%9C%EC%B5%9C/|access-date=2021-08-25|website=www.newsro.kr}}
In the popular culture
References
- [http://journal.kci.go.kr/imhc/archive/articleView?artiId=ART001558608 The Jangsa's Landing Operations during the Korean War]
External links
- [https://stay.yd.go.kr/jangsa/pages/index.htm Official website of Memorial Museum]
- [http://journal.kci.go.kr/imhc/archive/articleView?artiId=ART001558608 The Jangsa's Landing Operations during the Korean War - South Korean Institute for Military History]
- [https://www.armyupress.army.mil/Portals/7/combat-studies-institute/csi-books/boose.pdf US Army Combinded Arms Center - Over the Beach US Army Amphibious Operations in the Korean War (pp. 183–186)]
- [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IN_mXBMUJQg 비사(秘史), 1950년 9월 장사 상륙작전 - South Korean Ministry of National Defense TV]
{{coord|36|16|50|N|129|22|37|E|type:event_region:KR|display=title}}
Category:Battles of the Korean War
Category:Battles and operations of the Korean War in 1950
Category:Naval battles of the Korean War
Category:Naval battles of the Korean War involving the United States
Category:Battles of the Korean War involving the United States
Category:September 1950 in Asia
Category:Amphibious operations involving the United States